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Thermo
Special Issues
Thermal Processes and Thermal Properties of Sustainable Polymeric Materials
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Thermal Processes and Thermal Properties of Sustainable Polymeric Materials

A special issue of Thermo (ISSN 2673-7264).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 6631

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. George Z. Papageorgiou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, GR-45110Ioannina, Greece
Interests: sustainable industrial chemistry; green engineering; monomers and polymers from renewable resources; polymer nanocomposites; polymer recycling; materials characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Johan Jacquemin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Materials Science, Energy, and Nano-Engineering MSN Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
Interests: thermodynamics; fluid phase equilibrium; structure–properties relationships; various thermodynamic-based models; process simulation models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The word ‘Thermo’ originates from the Greek word ‘θερμός’ (thermos), meaning hot. Aristotle (384–322 BC) related each of the four ultimate elements which had been established by Empedocles (c. 494 – c. 434 BC), [γῆ  (gê—earth), ὕδωρ (hýdōr—water), ἀήρ (aḗr—air), and πῦρ (pŷr—fire)] to two of the four sensible qualities. The qualities were θερμό (thermo—hot), ψυχρό (psychro—cold), υγρό (hygro—wet), and ξηρόν (xero—dry). Consequently, from the very beginning of the history of science, heat and thermal properties were put at the center.

Natural polymers such as wood, wool, and cotton cellulose were among the first materials used by man. The combustion of wood has provided people with heat for hundreds of thousands of years. Nowadays, synthetic polymers are materials of everyday life. Recently, sustainable polymeric materials have attracted increasing interest. Polymer processing involves mass transfer, heat transfer, flow, and deformation. An important characteristic of most polymer processes is the softening of the polymer achieved by heating it. Then, to set the shape, cooling or crosslinking is applied. The relation between processing–structure–properties–performance is the main issue to address in polymer science and engineering. In addition, the pyrolysis of biomass which consists of natural polymers, for e.g. cellulose, or the pyrolysis of polymeric wastes are new ways to produce fuels, monomers, and chemicals. Finally, thermal analysis techniques including DSC, TGA, etc., are used in the study of the thermal properties and processes of polymers.

Authors are encouraged to submit their research for this Special Issue. Topics include but are not limited to:

  • Thermal properties of polymers
  • Thermal processes of polymers
  • Thermal analysis of polymers
  • Crystallization and melting of polymers
  • Thermal degradation of polymers
  • Thermo-oxidative degradation of polymers
  • Thermal polymerization
  • Polymer recycling
  • Pyrolysis of biomass
  • Thermochemical conversion of biomass
  • Pyrolysis of polymer wastes
  • Polymer blending
  • Extrusion
  • Blow molding
  • Injection molding
  • Heat transfer
  • Thermodynamics of polymer processing
  • Polymer crystallization kinetics
  • Thermochemical processes in biorefineries
  • Combustion
  • Melt polycondensation
  • Temperature control in polymerization reactors

Prof. Dr. George Z. Papageorgiou
Prof. Dr. Johan Jacquemin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Thermo is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermal properties of polymers
  • thermal processing of polymers
  • thermal degradation of polymers
  • thermal analysis of polymers
  • pyrolysis
  • melting
  • crystallization
  • blending of polymers
  • extrusion
  • injection

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4572 KiB  
Article
Study of the Pyrolysis of Ayous and Kambala Co-Products: Kinetic Modeling of the Two Species
by Mamoun Clévie Aboni Akodzi, Pierre Girods, Timoléon Andzi-Barhé and Yann Rogaume
Thermo 2024, 4(4), 490-507; https://doi.org/10.3390/thermo4040027 - 12 Nov 2024
Viewed by 580
Abstract
A kinetic model based on the two-stage semi-global multi-reaction model of Grioui was developed using the TG and DTG curves for the by-products of Kambala and Ayous. These two tropical species are widely used in the Republic of Congo. The TG and DTG [...] Read more.
A kinetic model based on the two-stage semi-global multi-reaction model of Grioui was developed using the TG and DTG curves for the by-products of Kambala and Ayous. These two tropical species are widely used in the Republic of Congo. The TG and DTG curves were obtained through thermogravimetry at five different heating rates (3, 7, 10, and 20 K/min) up to a final temperature of 800 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The thermal decomposition of both species started at similar temperatures, but the profiles exhibited notable differences. Kambala showed a distinct profile with two peaks at approximately 500 °C and 700 °C, which upon further investigation were found to correspond to ash decomposition. Additionally, the shoulder present in Ayous between 250 °C and 300 °C, attributed to hemicelluloses degradation, was absent in the DTG curves for Kambala. The kinetic model for Ayous was formulated in three steps, while the model for Kambala consisted of four steps. Both models accurately predicted the thermal degradation of the wood species, and the resulting kinetic parameters aligned with those reported in the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Processes and Thermal Properties of Sustainable Polymeric Materials)
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13 pages, 3140 KiB  
Article
A New Numerically Improved Transient Technique for Measuring Thermal Properties of Anisotropic Materials
by Svetozár Malinarič, Peter Bokes and Goran Bulatovič
Thermo 2024, 4(3), 394-406; https://doi.org/10.3390/thermo4030021 - 10 Sep 2024
Viewed by 730
Abstract
A new transient technique of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurement for anisotropic materials is presented and validated. It is based on measuring the through-plane properties using the extended dynamic plane source (EDPS) method and in-plane conductivity employing the transient plane source (TPS) [...] Read more.
A new transient technique of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurement for anisotropic materials is presented and validated. It is based on measuring the through-plane properties using the extended dynamic plane source (EDPS) method and in-plane conductivity employing the transient plane source (TPS) and modified dynamic plane source (MDPS) methods. The key advantage of this technique is that only one pair of specimens is required for measurements. While the EDPS method is implemented on real measurements, the TPS and MDPS are applied to the finite elements method (FEM) simulation of the experiment. The accuracy of the results is enhanced by the application of the FEM and is better than 1% for materials with through-plane conductivity of less than 2 W m−1 K−1 and a specimen thickness of 9 mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Processes and Thermal Properties of Sustainable Polymeric Materials)
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20 pages, 3355 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Temperature on the London Dispersive and Lewis Acid-Base Surface Energies of Polymethyl Methacrylate Adsorbed on Silica by Inverse Gas Chromatography
by Tayssir Hamieh
Thermo 2024, 4(2), 202-221; https://doi.org/10.3390/thermo4020012 - 17 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 938
Abstract
Inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution was used to determine the surface thermodynamic properties of silica particles and PMMA adsorbed on silica, and more particularly, to quantify the London dispersive energy γsd, the Lewis acid γs+, and [...] Read more.
Inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution was used to determine the surface thermodynamic properties of silica particles and PMMA adsorbed on silica, and more particularly, to quantify the London dispersive energy γsd, the Lewis acid γs+, and base γs− polar surface energies of PMMA/silica composites as a function of the temperature and the recovery fraction θ of PMMA. The polar acid-base surface energy γsAB and the total surface energy of the different composites were then deduced as a function of the temperature. In this paper, the Hamieh thermal model was used to quantify the surface thermodynamic energy of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) adsorbed on silica particles at different recovery fractions. A comparison of the new results was carried out with those obtained by applying other molecular models of the surface areas of organic molecules adsorbed on the different solid substrates. An important deviation of these molecular models from the thermal model was proved. The determination of γsd, γs+, γs−, and γsAB of PMMA in both the bulk and adsorbed phases showed an important non-linearity variation of these surface parameters as a function of the temperature. The presence of maxima in the curves of γsd(T) highlighted the second-order transition temperatures in PMMA showing beta-relaxation, glass transition, and liquid–liquid temperatures. These three transition temperatures depended on the adsorption rate of PMMA on silica. The proposed method gave a new relation between the recovery fraction of PMMA and its London dispersive energy, showing an important effect of the temperature on the surface energy parameters of the adsorption of PMMA on silica. A universal equation relating γsd(T,θ) of the systems PMMA/silica to the recovery fraction and the temperature was proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Processes and Thermal Properties of Sustainable Polymeric Materials)
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12 pages, 6358 KiB  
Article
Alterations of a CaCl2 Alginate Composite for Thermochemical Heat Storage during the Hydration in a 1 L Packed Bed Laboratory Reactor
by Stephan Heitmann, Tamás Simon, Andrea Osburg and Michael Fröba
Thermo 2023, 3(4), 593-604; https://doi.org/10.3390/thermo3040035 - 10 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1382
Abstract
A composite material of alginate and CaCl2 was tested in a laboratory reactor (1 L) for its ability to thermochemically store heat. The material was exposed to air at 25 °C and 25% RH to prevent the salt from dissolving, and the [...] Read more.
A composite material of alginate and CaCl2 was tested in a laboratory reactor (1 L) for its ability to thermochemically store heat. The material was exposed to air at 25 °C and 25% RH to prevent the salt from dissolving, and the heat evolution was observed over a period of 15 cycles. To evaluate the changes in the material, samples were taken after 5, 10 and 15 cycles and the material properties and calorimetric characteristics were examined. A change of the material in favor of the heat release was determined, so that an increase of the heat storage capacity from 1.28 kJ∙cm−3 to 2.11 kJ∙cm−3 was detected, with a simultaneous steep decrease of the pore volume in the range from 0.01 to 10 μm. The temperature lift of the reactor showed a significant increase, with the first cycle showing the smallest amount. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Processes and Thermal Properties of Sustainable Polymeric Materials)
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Review

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17 pages, 1178 KiB  
Review
Theoretical Characterization of Thermal Conductivities for Polymers—A Review
by Cornelia Breitkopf
Thermo 2024, 4(1), 31-47; https://doi.org/10.3390/thermo4010004 - 13 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2104
Abstract
Polymer thermal conductivities play an important role for their potential use in industrial applications. Therefore, great efforts have been made to investigate fundamental structure–property relationships to understand and predict thermal conductivities for polymers and their composites. The review summarizes selected well-proven microscopic theoretical [...] Read more.
Polymer thermal conductivities play an important role for their potential use in industrial applications. Therefore, great efforts have been made to investigate fundamental structure–property relationships to understand and predict thermal conductivities for polymers and their composites. The review summarizes selected well-proven microscopic theoretical approaches to calculate thermal conductivities such as EMD, NEMD, EMT, and BTE, and cites examples to focus on different qualitative aspects of recent polymer theoretical research. Examples other than polymer materials are given as supplemental information to support the general discussion of heat transport phenomena in solid materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Processes and Thermal Properties of Sustainable Polymeric Materials)
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