New Frontiers in Monitoring, Detecting and Response to Marine and Freshwater Algal Toxins and Their Causative Organisms

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine and Freshwater Toxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 5170

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA), Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring and Reference Branch, Charleston, SC, USA
Interests: Harmful Algal Blooms; phytoplankton taxonomy; marine toxins; monitoring; citizen science

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Guest Editor
Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Nice, France
Interests: food safety; food security; sustainable development; harmful algal blooms; contaminants; risk management; capacity building; marine biotoxins
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Harmful algal blooms (HABS) in both marine and freshwater habitats are a global growing concern, enhanced by the increasing need to exploit coastal resources and habitats. The negative environmental and public and animal health issues from HABs have been noted recently in association with pet deaths, fish kills, and disease outbreaks in marine birds and mammals. Toxins from these blooms can have catastrophic effects on coastal ecosystem, animal and human health. Causative species identification coupled with toxin analysis are critical to minimize and mitigate the impacts of these natural phenomenon and develop early warning systems to protect consumers and promote fishery trades.

This special issue calls for manuscripts that deal with strategies for fresh water or marine algal species and biotoxin monitoring and methodologies for toxin analysis to improve understanding of HAB origin, occurrence and consequences and allow science based responses to HAB events, with a special interest of HAB data from developing countries in Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean and Asia-pacific.

Dr. Steve Morton
Dr. Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
  • biotoxins
  • monitoring
  • marine algae
  • freshwater algae
  • phytoplankton
  • cyanobacteria
  • detection
  • early warning
  • drinking water
  • food safety
  • fisheries

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1058 KiB  
Article
SoundToxins: A Research and Monitoring Partnership for Harmful Phytoplankton in Washington State
by Vera L. Trainer and Teri L. King
Toxins 2023, 15(3), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030189 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2591
Abstract
The more frequent occurrence of marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) and recent problems with newly-described toxins in Puget Sound have increased the risk for illness and have negatively impacted sustainable access to shellfish in Washington State. Marine toxins that affect safe shellfish harvest [...] Read more.
The more frequent occurrence of marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) and recent problems with newly-described toxins in Puget Sound have increased the risk for illness and have negatively impacted sustainable access to shellfish in Washington State. Marine toxins that affect safe shellfish harvest because of their impact on human health are the saxitoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), domoic acid that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhetic shellfish toxins that cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and the recent measurement of azaspiracids, known to cause azaspiracid poisoning (AZP), at low concentrations in Puget Sound shellfish. The flagellate, Heterosigma akashiwo, impacts the health and harvestability of aquacultured and wild salmon in Puget Sound. The more recently described flagellates that cause the illness or death of cultivated and wild shellfish, include Protoceratium reticulatum, known to produce yessotoxins, Akashiwo sanguinea and Phaeocystis globosa. This increased incidence of HABs, especially dinoflagellate HABs that are expected in increase with enhanced stratification linked to climate change, has necessitated the partnership of state regulatory programs with SoundToxins, the research, monitoring and early warning program for HABs in Puget Sound, that allows shellfish growers, Native tribes, environmental learning centers and citizens, to be the “eyes on the coast”. This partnership enables safe harvest of wholesome seafood for consumption in the region and helps to describe unusual events that impact the health of oceans, wildlife and humans. Full article
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18 pages, 2270 KiB  
Article
First Identification of Amphidinols from Mexican Strains and New Analogs
by Lorena M. Durán-Riveroll, Jannik Weber and Bernd Krock
Toxins 2023, 15(2), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020163 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1893
Abstract
The genus Amphidinium has been the subject of recent attention due to the production of polyketide metabolites. Some of these compounds have shown significant bioactivities and could be related to species interactions in the natural benthic microenvironment. Among these compounds, amphidinols (AMs) are [...] Read more.
The genus Amphidinium has been the subject of recent attention due to the production of polyketide metabolites. Some of these compounds have shown significant bioactivities and could be related to species interactions in the natural benthic microenvironment. Among these compounds, amphidinols (AMs) are suspected to be related to fish kills and probably implicated in ciguatera symptoms associated with the occurrence of benthic harmful algal blooms (bHABs). Here, we present the first report of a variety of AMs produced by cultured strains from several species from the Mexican Pacific, the Gulf of California, and the Gulf of Mexico. Through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), ten previously known AMs (AM02, -04, -05, -06, -07, -09, -11, -14, -15, and -17), four recently reported AMs (N7, N8/N9, N12, and N13), and three new variants (U1, U2, and U3) were identified. Of the twelve analyzed Amphidinium cultures, five were not AM producers, and the cell quotas of the remaining seven strains ranged from close to nondetectable to a maximum of 1694 fg cell−1, with many intermediate levels in between. The cultures from the Mexican North Pacific coast produced AMs in a higher quantity and variety than those from worldwide locations. This is the first study of AMs from Mexican Amphidinium strains, and our results confirm the relevance of continuing the investigation of the genus bioactive metabolites. Full article
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