Advances in Prevention, Surveillance, and Control of Diseases Transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Vector-Borne Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2023) | Viewed by 15258

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Biology Program, Westminster College, New Wilmington, PA 16172, USA
Interests: epidemiology; vector biology and ecology; environmental health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are considered primary vectors of several human and zoonotic pathogens. Aedes aegypti is distributed worldwide, particularly in subtropical and tropical regions, and is closely associated with urban and ecologically disturbed environments. In contrast, Ae. albopictus has shown a higher adaptability and broader distribution into tropical and temperate regions and is known to colonize urban, rural, and sylvatic environments. Both mosquito species have been associated with the transmission of more than 50 arboviruses and parasites, including yellow fever virus, dengue viruses, Zika virus, chikungunya virus, Mayaro virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and dirofilaria. In many regions, these pathogens are also threatening to emerge or resurge.

Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus share important taxonomic, bionomic, geographic, and vector competency characteristics that need to be carefully considered when developing surveillance, prevention, and control strategies against the diseases they transmit. These two species also share the ability to transmit similar pathogens and could become coinfected with multiple pathogens, which could have major epidemiological consequences.

The geographical spread of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus have accelerated worldwide due to multiple factors, including deforestation and urbanization, climate change, movement of human populations, and insecticide resistance. This scenario has compromised current disease surveillance strategies and the effectiveness of prevention and control measures in many regions of world. It is critical to develop novel, holistic, and more effective approaches to disease surveillance, prevention, and control, taking into consideration a rapidly changing world.

In this Special Issue, we invite colleagues to submit original research articles and scientific reviews to assemble a collection of papers highlighting advancements in our understanding of all aspects related to surveillance, prevention, and control of diseases transmitted by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Topics that could be included, but are not limited to (single topic or a combination of topics): 

  • New approaches or advances on disease/vector surveillance
  • New approaches or advances on disease prevention
  • New approaches or advances on disease control
  • New approaches or advances on disease risk assessment

Dr. Diana Ortiz Matos
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Aedes aegypti
  • Aedes albopictus
  • pathogens
  • prevention
  • control
  • surveillance
  • disease risk assessment

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1789 KiB  
Article
Epidemiology of Dengue in Argentina during the 2010/11 to 2019/20 Seasons: A Contribution to the Burden of Disease
by Solana Rapaport, Mariana Mauriño, María Alejandra Morales, Cintia Fabbri, Victoria Luppo, María Pía Buyayisqui, Teresa Varela, Carlos Giovacchini and Analía Urueña
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9020045 - 10 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2456
Abstract
Background: Dengue is an important public health problem in Argentina, as in many other countries. We reviewed and updated information on the dengue disease burden in Argentina over a 10-year period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study from 2010 to 2020 based [...] Read more.
Background: Dengue is an important public health problem in Argentina, as in many other countries. We reviewed and updated information on the dengue disease burden in Argentina over a 10-year period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study from 2010 to 2020 based on data from the National Health Surveillance System. The main outcomes included dengue cases, incidence rates, deaths, and serotype distribution by season, age group, and region. Results: A total of 109,998 confirmed cases of dengue were reported. Seasonality stands out, prevailing during summer and autumn. Two main outbreaks (seasons 2015/16 and 2019/20), with increasing magnitude, were observed. The 2019/20 season showed the highest number of cases (58,731) and incidence rate (135/100,000). The Northeast region had the highest number of cases and incidence rate. In 2020, for the first time, autochthonous cases were registered in the Cuyo region. The only region with no autochthonous cases was the South. Adolescents and young adults showed the highest incidence rate. The case fatality rate for the period was 0.05%. Four serotypes circulated, but the predominant one was DEN-1 (78%). Conclusions: Dengue has been expanding temporally and spatially. Although the DEN-1 serotype widely predominated, the increasing circulation of other serotypes raises concerns regarding re-exposure and the severity of future cases. Understanding epidemiological trends is key to defining public prevention and control policies. Full article
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18 pages, 1062 KiB  
Article
A Qualitative Analysis of the Perceptions of Stakeholders Involved in Vector Control and Vector-Borne Disease Research and Surveillance in Orinoquia, Colombia
by Gloria Isabel Jaramillo-Ramirez, Maria Claudelle Tacugue, Grace M. Power, Rimsha Qureshi, Frederik Seelig, Juliana Quintero, James G. Logan and Robert T. Jones
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9020043 - 6 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2321
Abstract
Colombia has a tropical climate and environmental conditions that favour the circulation of most of the known vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Protocols have been established and implemented to address the threats of these diseases, but they are for country-wide use and do not take [...] Read more.
Colombia has a tropical climate and environmental conditions that favour the circulation of most of the known vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Protocols have been established and implemented to address the threats of these diseases, but they are for country-wide use and do not take into consideration the nuances of the different environments of the country. Almost the entire population is vulnerable to infection with one or more VBD. This study aims to characterise the perceptions and experiences of stakeholders involved in vector control and VBDs in the Orinoquia region in Colombia. Two panel discussions, and 12 semi-structured interviews, were conducted. Experts from the Colombian National Health Institute (INS), health secretaries from Meta, Guaviare and Vichada Departments, academic researchers, and individuals from private vector control companies participated. All sessions were recorded, transcribed, and translated, and then subject to thematic analysis. Three major themes emerged: involvement, limitations, and recommendations. Results showed that participants are engaged in vector surveillance activities, education, and vector control research. Participants focused on problems of disjointed efforts towards VBD control between health secretaries and the health ministry, as well as societal issues, such as socioeconomic, cultural, and political issues, which became the rationale for the lack of vector control resources. Responses in the panel discussions and interviews overlapped in opinions, and suggested that vector control could be improved through better communication between vector control bodies, strengthened engagement with vulnerable communities, more collaborative actions, and a more balanced distribution of resources. Full article
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17 pages, 2038 KiB  
Article
Distribution and Abundance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Benin, West Africa
by Germain Gil Padonou, Alphonse Keller Konkon, Albert Sourou Salako, David Mahouton Zoungbédji, Razaki Ossè, Arthur Sovi, Roseric Azondekon, Aboubakar Sidick, Juvénal Minassou Ahouandjinou, Constantin Jesukèdè Adoha, André Aimé Sominahouin, Filémon Tatchémè Tokponnon, Bruno Akinro, Haziz Sina, Lamine Baba-Moussa and Martin Codjo Akogbéto
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(9), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8090439 - 7 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2633
Abstract
Updated information on the distribution and abundance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is crucial to prepare African countries, such as Benin, for possible arboviral disease outbreaks. This study aims to evaluate the geographical distribution, abundance and biting behaviour of these two vectors [...] Read more.
Updated information on the distribution and abundance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is crucial to prepare African countries, such as Benin, for possible arboviral disease outbreaks. This study aims to evaluate the geographical distribution, abundance and biting behaviour of these two vectors in Benin. Three sampling techniques were used in this study. The collection of Aedes spp. adults were made through human landing catch (HLC), immatures were captured with the use of ovitraps, and a dipping technique was used for the collection of Aedes spp. in 23 communes located along the North–South and East–West transect of Benin. Adult Aedes mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using HLC. Mosquito eggs, larvae and pupae were collected from containers and ovitraps. The adult mosquitoes were morphologically identified, then confirmed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Overall, 12,424 adult specimens of Aedes spp. were collected, out of which 76.53% (n = 9508) and 19.32% (n = 2400) were morphologically identified as Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively. Geographically, Ae. aegypti was found across the North–South transect unlike Ae. albopictus, which was only encountered in the southern part of the country, with a great preponderance in Avrankou. Furthermore, an exophagic behaviour was observed in both vectors. This updated distribution of Aedes mosquito species in Benin will help to accurately identify areas that are at risk of arboviral diseases and better plan for future vector control interventions. Full article
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Review

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11 pages, 951 KiB  
Review
Chikungunya Virus Diagnosis: A Review of Current Antigen Detection Methods
by Fredy Brice Nemg Simo, Felicity Jane Burt and Nigel Aminake Makoah
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(7), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070365 - 17 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7192
Abstract
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). CHIKV is expanding at an alarming rate, potentially spreading and establishing endemicity in new areas where competent vectors are present. The dramatic spread of CHIKV in recent years highlights the urgent [...] Read more.
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). CHIKV is expanding at an alarming rate, potentially spreading and establishing endemicity in new areas where competent vectors are present. The dramatic spread of CHIKV in recent years highlights the urgent need to take precautionary measures and investigate options for control. It is crucial in developing nations where diagnostic tools are limited, and symptoms are similar to other prevalent diseases such as malaria and dengue. The most reliable method for diagnosing chikungunya virus is viral gene detection by RT-PCR. Alternative methods like detecting human antibody and viral antigen can also be used, especially in areas where resources are limited. In this review, we summarize the limited data on antigen detection immunoassays. We further explain the essential structural elements of the virus to help comprehend the scientific concepts underlying the testing methods, as well as future methods and diagnostic approaches under investigation. Full article
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