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Universe
Special Issues
Formation and Evolution of Exoplanets
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Formation and Evolution of Exoplanets

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "Planetary Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 2436

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xian-Yu Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Astronomy, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
Interests: exoplanet formation and evolution; exoplanet orbital architectures; exoplanetary dynamics; stellar obliquity; photometric and spectroscopic observations

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past two decades, advancements in astronomical instrumentation have led to the discovery of more than 5,500 extrasolar planets, or exoplanets. The diverse architectures of these exoplanetary systems have challenged conventional theories of planetary system formation and evolution, which were initially inspired by our observations of the Solar System. The discovery of hot Jupiters, Jupiter-sized planets with a typical three-day orbital period, was particularly astonishing, and the processes behind their formation and migration to their current positions remain an enigma. Similarly, the absence of Super-Earth planets in our Solar System, which are the most common type in our galaxy and usually about twice the size of Earth with up to ten times its mass, is still an unresolved mystery. Furthermore, the dynamical history of planets with extremely short or long orbits is still not fully understood. Ultimately, determining how to place our Solar System in the context of all planetary systems remains a crucial question.

Drawing on an extensive array of observational data from both ground-based and space-based instruments and projects, coupled with significant theoretical efforts, we are making strides in addressing intricate challenges in exoplanet research. The ongoing pursuit of a unified theory for the formation and evolution of exoplanets, still in progress, promises not only to enhance our understanding of planetary dynamics and orbits but also to potentially transform our concepts of habitability, life's existence, and environmental diversity in uncharted planetary systems.

This Special Issue aims to collect contributions on topics related to the formation and evolution of exoplanets, including observational evidence from photometric, spectroscopic, and astrometric follow-ups, dynamical simulations, theoretical explanations, and more. Additionally, we also welcome papers on instruments, methods, and techniques designed to solve related problems. This issue seeks to capture the latest advancements and perspectives in the formation and evolution of exoplanets, further enriching our comprehension of these distant worlds and their intricate natures.

Dr. Xian-Yu Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • exoplanets
  • planetary system formation and evolution
  • planetary architectures
  • planetary dynamics
  • observational astronomy
  • astrophysical methods and techniques

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 12934 KiB  
Article
Dynamics of Two Planets near a 2:1 Resonance: Case Studies of Known and Synthetic Exosystems on a Grid of Initial Configurations
by Valeri Makarov, Alexey Goldin and Dimitri Veras
Universe 2024, 10(9), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10090374 - 19 Sep 2024
Viewed by 663
Abstract
The distribution of period ratios for 580 known two-planet systems is apparently nonuniform, with several sharp peaks and troughs. In particular, the vicinity of the 2:1 commensurability seems to have a deficit of systems. Using Monte Carlo simulations and an empirically inferred population [...] Read more.
The distribution of period ratios for 580 known two-planet systems is apparently nonuniform, with several sharp peaks and troughs. In particular, the vicinity of the 2:1 commensurability seems to have a deficit of systems. Using Monte Carlo simulations and an empirically inferred population distribution of period ratios, we prove that this apparent dearth of near-resonant systems is not statistically significant. The excess of systems with period ratios in the wider vicinity of the 2:1 resonance is significant, however. Long-term WHFast integrations of a synthetic two-planet system on a grid period ratios from 1.87 through 2.12 reveal that the eccentricity and inclination exchange mechanism between non-resonant planets represents the orbital evolution very well in all cases, except at the exact 2:1 mean motion resonance. This resonance destroys the orderly exchange of eccentricity, while the exchange of inclination still takes place. Additional simulations of the Kepler-113 system on a grid of initial inclinations show that the secular periods of eccentricity and inclination variations are well fitted by a simple hyperbolic cosine function of the initial mutual inclination. We further investigate the six known two-planet systems with period ratios within 2% of the exact 2:1 resonance (TOI-216, KIC 5437945, Kepler-384, HD 82943, HD 73526, HD 155358) on a grid of initial inclinations and for two different initial periastron longitudes corresponding to the aligned and anti-aligned states. All these systems are found to be long-term stable except HD 73526, which is likely a false positive. The periodic orbital momentum exchange is still at work in some of these systems, albeit with much shorter cycling periods of a few years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formation and Evolution of Exoplanets)
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16 pages, 9561 KiB  
Article
Classification of Planetary Motion around Super-Jupiters and Brown Dwarfs
by Euaggelos E. Zotos, Eman M. Moneer and Tobias C. Hinse
Universe 2024, 10(3), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10030138 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1338
Abstract
We investigate the orbital dynamics of an exosystem consisting of a solar-mass host star, a transiting body, and an Earth-size exoplanet within the framework of the generalized three-body problem. Depending on its mass, the transiting body can either be a super-Jupiter or a [...] Read more.
We investigate the orbital dynamics of an exosystem consisting of a solar-mass host star, a transiting body, and an Earth-size exoplanet within the framework of the generalized three-body problem. Depending on its mass, the transiting body can either be a super-Jupiter or a brown dwarf. To determine the final states of the Earth-size exoplanet, we conduct a systematic and detailed classification of the available phase space trajectories. Our classification scheme distinguishes between the bounded, escape, and collisional motions of the Earth-size exoplanet. Additionally, for cases of ordered (regular) motion, we further categorize the associated initial conditions based on the geometry of their respective trajectories. These bounded regular trajectories hold significant importance as they provide insights into the regions of phase space where the motion of the Earth-size exoplanet can be dynamically stable. Of particular interest is the identification of initial conditions that result in a bounded exomoon-like orbit of the Earth-size exoplanet around the transiting body. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formation and Evolution of Exoplanets)
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