Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies and Vaccine Development: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 1004

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
Interests: SARS-CoV-2; HIV-1; HPV; vaccine development; vaccine evaluation; immune response; neutralizing antibody; standardization of assay
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The COVID-19 pandemic has been ongoing for more than four years, claiming the lives of over 7 million people and significantly impacting the lives of many. Vaccines are seen as a crucial tool in ending the outbreak, and it is important to have safe, effective, affordable, and accessible vaccines. Neutralizing antibodies play a key role in evaluating the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. There is an urgent need for standardized in vitro potency methods to assess antiviral products in both pre-clinical and clinical phases. Detecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can help understand the protective immune response in COVID-19 patients and asymptomatic cases. Currently, there are various methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, but differences in laboratory procedures can lead to incomparable results. This makes it difficult to compare the immunogenicity of different vaccines. To gain a better understanding of recent scientific knowledge and current trends in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay and vaccine development, this Special Issue focuses on recent scientific and technical progress in this field. This Special Issue welcomes original research articles and reviews covering recent advances in novel neutralization assay development, standardization and comparison of different SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays, comparison of neutralizing antibody responses induced by different vaccines, and correlates of protection.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Jianhui Nie
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • vaccine
  • neutralizing antibody
  • correlation of protection
  • standardization

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 1949 KiB  
Article
Antibody Responses to mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Among Healthcare Workers in Outpatient Clinics in Japan
by Teruhime Otoguro, Keita Wagatsuma, Toshiharu Hino, The Society of Ambulatory and General Pediatrics of Japan, Yusuke Ichikawa, Tri Bayu Purnama, Yuyang Sun, Jiaming Li, Irina Chon, Hisami Watanabe and Reiko Saito
Vaccines 2025, 13(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13010090 - 18 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among healthcare workers (HCWs) from multiple outpatient clinics in Japan, examining the effects of baseline characteristics (e.g., sex, age, underlying condition, smoking history, occupation) and prior infections. Methods: A total of [...] Read more.
Background: This study aimed to assess the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among healthcare workers (HCWs) from multiple outpatient clinics in Japan, examining the effects of baseline characteristics (e.g., sex, age, underlying condition, smoking history, occupation) and prior infections. Methods: A total of 101 HCWs provided serum at four time points between October 2020 and July 2023. HCWs received two to six doses of mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273). Anti-nucleocapsid (N) and anti-spike (S) IgG antibodies against the ancestral Wuhan strain were measured using the Abbott Architect™ SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. Univariate and regression analysis evaluated factors such as past infections, age, sex, smoking, underlying condition, and occupation. Results: After four to six doses, the median anti-S IgG titer in uninfected HCWs was 1807.30 BAU/mL, compared to 1899.89 BAU/mL in HCWs with prior infections. The median anti-N IgG titer was 0.10 index S/C in uninfected HCWs and 0.39 index S/C in infected HCWs. HCWs with prior infection had anti-S IgG titers 1.1 to 5.8 times higher than those without. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated infection and vaccination significantly increased anti-S and anti-N IgG titers. Age, sex, smoking history and occupation did not influence antibody titers while underlying conditions were associated with lower anti-N IgG titers. Conclusions: Infection and vaccination were strongly associated with an increase in anti-S and anti-N IgG titers; however, the impact of hybrid immunity appeared to be limited and varied depending on the timing of the sampling. These findings provide valuable insights for developing personalized vaccination strategies and future vaccine development. Full article
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