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Vaccines
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Porcine Vaccines: Enhancing Health, Productivity, and Welfare
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Porcine Vaccines: Enhancing Health, Productivity, and Welfare

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 8888

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tongqing An

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
Interests: PRRSV; PRV; molecular epidemiology; vaccine; diagnosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to invite you to submit your next publication to the journal Vaccines for a Special Issue entitled “Porcine Vaccines: Enhancing Health, Productivity, and Welfare”. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, porcine viral diarrhea, African swine fever, circovirus-related diseases, and others, seriously harm and restrict the healthy development of the pig industry. In recent years, many variants of porcine viruses have emerged and immunologically escaped from the current available vaccines, causing new challenges in the prevention of porcine diseases and required the updating of existing vaccines, antigens, or adjuvants. DIVA vaccines, multivalent vaccines, and antigen-precise-designed vaccines are the focus of current porcine vaccine research. In addition, oral, spray, and other needle-free vaccination delivery methods have seen strong demand for animal disease control in the future.

This Special Issue will focus on porcine vaccines, including vaccine design, development, effect evaluation, small-animal replacement models, DIVA, vaccination delivery methods, and so on. Original research articles, and comprehensive reviews are welcome. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Tongqing An
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1950 KiB  
Article
Effect of Vaccination Against E. coli, C. perfringens Type A/C on Piglet Productive and Clinical Parameters Under Field Conditions
by Arkadiusz Dors, Robert Panek, Wojciech Łużyński, Krzysztof Janeczko, Agata Augustyniak, Hanna Turlewicz-Podbielska, Ewelina Czyżewska-Dors and Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
Vaccines 2024, 12(10), 1185; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101185 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 742
Abstract
Background: One of the main strategies to control neonatal porcine diarrhoea (NPD) is through vaccination of the sows. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two commercial vaccination schemes under field conditions on a farm where a C. perfringens type A [...] Read more.
Background: One of the main strategies to control neonatal porcine diarrhoea (NPD) is through vaccination of the sows. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two commercial vaccination schemes under field conditions on a farm where a C. perfringens type A cpb2-positive strain was implicated in NPD. Methods: This study was performed in a farrow-to-wean herd with 5500 sows, already using an E. coli and C. perfringens vaccine but still suffering NPD. Where the presence of a C. perfringens type A cpb2-positive strain was confirmed, Enteroporc Coli AC® (Ceva) was administrated to the sows in group A according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Sows in group B were vaccinated using two other combined commercial vaccines. In each group, piglets from 10 litters were ear-tagged and individually weighed at birth and at 8 and 22 days of age. The incidence of diarrhoea, general piglet body condition, and antimicrobial treatment were recorded within 10 consecutive days after birth. Results: A total of 234 piglets (119 in group A and 115 in group B) were included. The mean weight gain of piglets from birth to 22 days of age was significantly higher in group A (4.99 kg) than in group B (4.66 kg) (p = 0.039). The rest of the recorded parameters such as the presence of diarrhoea, the piglet’s body condition score, and the number of days with antimicrobial treatment did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: This study confirmed the efficiency of the Enteroporc Coli AC® vaccine in reducing clinical symptoms of diarrhoea in piglets, which was comparable with the other vaccines used in the study. The positive effect on piglets’ productive performance during the lactation phase was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Vaccines: Enhancing Health, Productivity, and Welfare)
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12 pages, 581 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Use of Iron/Anticoccidial Treatment and Vaccination against Oedema Disease: Impact on the Development of Serum-Neutralising Antibodies, Hematinic and Anticoccidial Activities in Piglets
by Daniel Sperling, María Rodríguez, Nicolás Guerra, Hamadi Karembe, Anne-Kathrin Diesing, Alberto Manso, Laura de Frutos and Joaquín Morales
Vaccines 2024, 12(9), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12091004 - 1 Sep 2024
Viewed by 614
Abstract
Oedema disease (OD) in weaned piglets is caused by shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), which produces the Stx2e toxin. The disease is controlled by early vaccination (for example, with Ecoporc Shiga®). Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) and cystoisosporosis are the most common clinical conditions [...] Read more.
Oedema disease (OD) in weaned piglets is caused by shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), which produces the Stx2e toxin. The disease is controlled by early vaccination (for example, with Ecoporc Shiga®). Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) and cystoisosporosis are the most common clinical conditions in piglets. These conditions are managed mainly by the intramuscular injection of iron and application of toltrazuril (for example, Forceris®). In the present study, we sought to evaluate any effect on the efficacy of OD vaccination and iron/anticoccidial treatment resulting from a simultaneous application. An evaluation was carried out by measuring the development of neutralising antibodies against the Stx2e toxin, hematinic indices and oocysts shedding. Six litters from Stx2e-antibody-negative sows were included in the study, with 12 piglets in each litter. The piglets were randomly allocated into two groups on their second day of life (DOL): (T1) iron/anticoccidial treatment and vaccine were administered on different days, and (T2) products were administered simultaneously. Blood samples were collected to determine the levels of serum-neutralising antibodies, haemoglobin and haematocrit. Faecal matter was examined for the presence of oocysts of Cystoisospora suis. No differences were found between the two groups in terms of the development of neutralising antibodies. The levels of haemoglobin and haematocrit were lower (p < 0.05 and p = 0.08, respectively) when iron/anticoccidial treatment and vaccine were applied simultaneously but within the optimal range, based on current interpretive criteria for IDA. Oocysts were not detected in the faecal samples from the animals in either group. In conclusion, we found that, under the conditions of our study, the efficacy of OD vaccination and iron/anticoccidial treatment was not affected by the simultaneous use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Vaccines: Enhancing Health, Productivity, and Welfare)
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14 pages, 1795 KiB  
Article
Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Senecavirus A Vaccine with a Contemporary Brazilian Strain in Mice
by Amanda de Oliveira Barbosa, Danielle Gava, Caroline Tochetto, Leonardo Clasen Ribeiro, Ana Paula Almeida Bastos, Marcos Antônio Zanella Morés, Rejane Schaefer and Marcelo de Lima
Vaccines 2024, 12(8), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080845 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 835
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a picornavirus that is endemic in swine, causing a vesicular disease clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases, like foot-and-mouth disease. The widespread viral circulation, constant evolution, and economic losses caused to the swine industry emphasize the need for measures [...] Read more.
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a picornavirus that is endemic in swine, causing a vesicular disease clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases, like foot-and-mouth disease. The widespread viral circulation, constant evolution, and economic losses caused to the swine industry emphasize the need for measures to control the agent. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a whole-virus-inactivated vaccine using a representative contemporary Brazilian SVA strain in Balb/ByJ mice. The animals were vaccinated with two doses by an intramuscular route. The humoral response induced by the vaccination was evaluated by an in-house ELISA assay for IgG detection. The cellular response was assessed by flow cytometry after in vitro SVA stimulation in splenocyte cultures from vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. Protection against SVA was assessed in the experimental groups following an oral challenge with the homologous virus. The vaccination induced high levels of IgG antibodies and the proliferation of CD45R/B220+sIgM+, CD3e+CD69+, and CD3e+CD4+CD44+CD62L− cells. These results indicate the immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine formulation in a murine model and the induction of humoral and cellular response against SVA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Vaccines: Enhancing Health, Productivity, and Welfare)
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24 pages, 3931 KiB  
Article
Deletion of MGF505-2R Gene Activates the cGAS-STING Pathway Leading to Attenuation and Protection against Virulent African Swine Fever Virus
by Sun-Young Sunwoo, Raquel García-Belmonte, Marek Walczak, Gonzalo Vigara-Astillero, Dae-Min Kim, Krzesimir Szymankiewicz, Maciej Kochanowski, Lihong Liu, Dongseob Tark, Katarzyna Podgórska, Yolanda Revilla and Daniel Pérez-Núñez
Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 407; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040407 - 11 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1980
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent causing African swine fever (ASF), affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, which is currently the biggest animal epidemic in the world and a major threat to the swine sector. At present, some safety concerns [...] Read more.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent causing African swine fever (ASF), affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, which is currently the biggest animal epidemic in the world and a major threat to the swine sector. At present, some safety concerns about using LAVs against ASFV still exist despite a commercial vaccine licensed in Vietnam. Therefore, the efforts to identify virulence factors and their mechanisms, as well as to generate new vaccine prototypes, are of major interest. In this work, we have identified the MGF505-2R gene product as an inhibitor of the cGAS/STING pathway, specifically through its interaction with STING protein, controlling IFN-β production. In addition, immunization of a recombinant virus lacking this gene, Arm/07-ΔMGF505-2R, resulted in complete attenuation, demonstrating its involvement in ASFV virulence. Finally, immunization with Arm/07-ΔMGF505-2R induced the generation of antibodies and proved to be partially protective against virulent ASFV strains. These results identify MGF505-2R, as well as its mechanism of action, as a gene contributing to understanding the molecular mechanisms of ASFV virulence, which will be of great value in the design of future vaccine prototypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Vaccines: Enhancing Health, Productivity, and Welfare)
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24 pages, 8483 KiB  
Article
Application of Recombinant Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Live Vector Oral Vaccine in the Prevention of F4+ Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
by Jiangxu Yu, Jiyang Fu, Hongshuo Liu, Chao Kang, Zesong Wang, Yancheng Jin, Shuxuan Wu, Tianzhi Li, Ruicheng Yang, Meilin Jin, Huanchun Chen and Xiangru Wang
Vaccines 2024, 12(3), 304; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030304 - 14 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1660
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes severe diarrhea in piglets. The current primary approach for ETEC prevention and control relies on antibiotics, as few effective vaccines are available. Consequently, an urgent clinical demand exists for developing an effective vaccine to combat this disease. Here, [...] Read more.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes severe diarrhea in piglets. The current primary approach for ETEC prevention and control relies on antibiotics, as few effective vaccines are available. Consequently, an urgent clinical demand exists for developing an effective vaccine to combat this disease. Here, we utilized food-grade Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 and expression plasmid pNZ8149 as live vectors, together with the secreted expression peptide Usp45 and the cell wall non-covalent linking motif LysM, to effectively present the mutant LTA subunit, the LTB subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin, and the FaeG of F4 pilus on the surface of recombinant lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Combining three recombinant LAB as a live vector oral vaccine, we assessed its efficacy in preventing F4+ ETEC infection. The results demonstrate that oral immunization conferred effective protection against F4+ ETEC infection in mice and piglets lacking maternal antibodies during weaning. Sow immunization during late pregnancy generated significantly elevated antibodies in colostrum, which protected piglets against F4+ ETEC infection during lactation. Moreover, booster immunization on piglets during lactation significantly enhanced their resistance to F4+ ETEC infection during the weaning stage. This study highlights the efficacy of an oral LAB vaccine in preventing F4+ ETEC infection in piglets by combining the sow immunization and booster immunization of piglets, providing a promising vaccination strategy for future prevention and control of ETEC-induced diarrhea in piglets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Vaccines: Enhancing Health, Productivity, and Welfare)
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17 pages, 5610 KiB  
Article
New Formulation of a Subunit Vaccine Candidate against Lawsonia intracellularis Increases Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses
by Santiago Salazar, María Francisca Starck, Milton F. Villegas, Jannel Acosta, Oliberto Sánchez, Eduardo Ramos, Estefanía Nova-Lamperti, Jorge R. Toledo, Paula Gädicke, Álvaro Ruiz, Alaín González and Raquel Montesino
Vaccines 2023, 11(12), 1817; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121817 - 4 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2046
Abstract
Previously, we designed a subunit vaccine candidate based on three L. intracellularis antigens with promising results in pigs. In this study, antigens were produced individually to achieve an even antigen ratio in the formulation. The emulsion characterization included the drop size and the [...] Read more.
Previously, we designed a subunit vaccine candidate based on three L. intracellularis antigens with promising results in pigs. In this study, antigens were produced individually to achieve an even antigen ratio in the formulation. The emulsion characterization included the drop size and the mechanical and thermal stability. Immune response was evaluated by indirect and sandwich ELISAs, qPCR, and flow cytometry. The vaccine candidate’s safety was assessed by histopathology and monitoring the clinical behavior of animals. The average production yielded for the chimeric antigen as inclusion bodies was around 75 mg/L. The formulation showed mechanical and thermal stability, with a ratio Hu/Ho > 0.85 and a drop size under 0.15 nm. Antigens formulated at a ratio of 1:1:1 induced a significant immune response in inoculated pigs that persisted until the end of the experiment (week 14). The dose of 200 μg significantly activated cellular response measured by transcriptional and translational levels of cytokines. The cell proliferation assay revealed an increment of lymphocytes T CD4+ at the same dose. Animals gained weight constantly and showed proper clinical behavior during immunization assays. This research demonstrated the immunological robustness of the new subunit vaccine candidate against Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy evenly formulated with three chimeric antigens of L. intracellularis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Vaccines: Enhancing Health, Productivity, and Welfare)
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