Tuberculosis Vaccines for Domestic and Wildlife Species

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 1319

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Animal Health Department of Veterinary Faculty and VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: immunology; diagnosis; tuberculosis; mycobacteria; vaccination; goat; eradication programs

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease with a significant impact in Animal and Public Health. Tuberculosis in animals is worldwide distributed and eradication is difficult mainly due to the limited performance of the diagnostic tests, a complex epidemiology that includes a variety of domestic and wildlife reservoirs and finally, the absence of an effective vaccine to prevent the infection. Regarding the latter factor, the BCG vaccine is the only commercially available vaccine for humans and it has been used also in animals, alone or in combination with other experimental immunization strategies showing in general a limited performance preventing the infection although reducing the severity of lesions. Other vaccines have been developed in recent years or are currently under development and some of them have been evaluated in animals with promising results. An effective immunization against tuberculosis in animals would be of paramount importance to achieve the eradication of zoonotic tuberculosis and thus achieve the objective of eradicating human tuberculosis set by the WHO for the year 2050.

In this special issue is open to include original research manuscripts related to the development and evaluation of vaccines and strategies of immunization against tuberculosis in domestic and wildlife species that contribute to increasing knowledge in this field, favoring the control and eradication of tuberculosis in the future.

Prof. Dr. Javier Bezos
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • tuberculosis
  • animals
  • zoonosis
  • vaccines
  • vaccination
  • control
  • eradication
  • immunology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 3450 KiB  
Article
Field Trial with Vaccine Candidates Against Bovine Tuberculosis Among Likely Infected Cattle in a Natural Transmission Setting
by Ximena Ferrara Muñiz, Elizabeth García, Federico Carlos Blanco, Sergio Garbaccio, Carlos Garro, Martín Zumárraga, Odir Dellagostin, Marcos Trangoni, María Jimena Marfil, Maria Verónica Bianco, Alejandro Abdala, Javier Revelli, Maria Bergamasco, Adriana Soutullo, Rocío Marini, Rosana Valeria Rocha, Amorina Sánchez, Fabiana Bigi, Ana María Canal, María Emilia Eirin and Angel Adrián Cataldiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Vaccines 2024, 12(10), 1173; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101173 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 894
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Vaccines may improve the control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis. However, the evaluation of experimental candidates requires the assessment of the protection, excretion, transmission and biosafety. A natural transmission trial among likely infected animals was conducted. Methods: Seventy-four male heifers [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Vaccines may improve the control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis. However, the evaluation of experimental candidates requires the assessment of the protection, excretion, transmission and biosafety. A natural transmission trial among likely infected animals was conducted. Methods: Seventy-four male heifers were randomly distributed (five groups) and vaccinated subcutaneously with attenuated strains (M. bovis Δmce2 or M. bovis Δmce2-phoP), a recombinant M. bovis BCG Pasteur (BCGr) or M. bovis BCG Pasteur. Then, they cohoused with a naturally infected bTB cohort under field conditions exposed to the infection. Results: A 23% of transmission of wild-type strains was confirmed (non-vaccinated group). Strikingly, first vaccination did not induce immune response (caudal fold test and IFN-gamma release assay). However, after 74 days of exposure to bTB, animals were re-vaccinated. Although their sensitization increased throughout the trial, the vaccines did not confer significant protection, when compared to the non-vaccinated group, as demonstrated by pathology progression of lesions and confirmatory tools. Besides, the likelihood of acquiring the infection was similar in all groups compared to the non-vaccinated group (p > 0.076). Respiratory and digestive excretion of viable vaccine candidates was undetectable. To note, the group vaccinated with M. bovis Δmce2-phoP exhibited the highest proportion of animals without macroscopic lesions, compared to the one vaccinated with BCG, although this was not statistically supported. Conclusions: This highlights that further evaluation of these vaccines would not guarantee better protection. The limitations detected during the trial are discussed regarding the transmission rate of M. bovis wild-type, the imperfect test for studying sensitization, the need for a DIVA diagnosis and management conditions of the trials performed under routine husbandry conditions. Re-vaccination of likely infected bovines did not highlight a conclusive result, even suggesting a detrimental effect on those vaccinated with M. bovis BCG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis Vaccines for Domestic and Wildlife Species)
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