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Vaccines
Special Issues
The 3rd Edition: Development of Vaccines Based on Virus-Like Particles
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The 3rd Edition: Development of Vaccines Based on Virus-Like Particles

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines against Tropical and other Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 27 December 2024 | Viewed by 2769

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Esther Blanco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Animal Health Research (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
Interests: virology; vaccines; VLPs; peptides; calicivirus; picornavirus; T-epitopes; B-epitopes; adaptive immunity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Juan Bárcena

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Center for Animal Health Research (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
Interests: virology; vaccines; chimeric VLPs; caliciviruses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Basic studies on virus structure and assembly have led to the experimental observation that many viral structural proteins have the intrinsic ability to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs). These VLPs have led to better immunological mimics of whole-virus particles compared to soluble capsid subunits, resulting in the improved effectiveness of vaccines and leading to a renaissance in vaccine development.

VLP-based vaccines combine many of the advantages of whole-virus-based and recombinant subunit vaccines, exhibiting a high safety profile. VLPs produced using recombinant protein expression systems can stimulate strong B- and T-cell immune responses and have been shown to exhibit self-adjuvanting abilities. In addition, VLPs can be used as platforms for the multimeric display of foreign antigens of interest derived from viruses or other pathogens (chimeric VLPs).

This Special Issue aims to collect recent research work on the design, generation and use of VLPs and chimeric VLPs for the development of both human and veterinary new generation vaccines.

Dr. Esther Blanco
Dr. Juan Bárcena
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • virus-like particles
  • VLPs
  • chimeric VLPs
  • conjugated VLPs
  • virosomes
  • nanoparticles
  • nanocarriers
  • prophylactic vaccines
  • therapeutic vaccines
  • multimeric presentation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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19 pages, 4867 KiB  
Article
Vaccine Potency and Structure of Yeast-Produced Polio Type 2 Stabilized Virus-like Particles
by Qin Hong, Shuxia Wang, Xiaoli Wang, Wenyu Han, Tian Chen, Yan Liu, Fei Cheng, Song Qin, Shengtao Zhao, Qingwei Liu, Yao Cong and Zhong Huang
Vaccines 2024, 12(9), 1077; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12091077 - 20 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1208
Abstract
Poliovirus (PV) is on the brink of eradication due to global vaccination programs utilizing live-attenuated oral and inactivated polio vaccines. Recombinant PV virus-like particles (VLPs) are emerging as a safe next-generation vaccine candidate for the impending polio-free era. In this study, we investigate [...] Read more.
Poliovirus (PV) is on the brink of eradication due to global vaccination programs utilizing live-attenuated oral and inactivated polio vaccines. Recombinant PV virus-like particles (VLPs) are emerging as a safe next-generation vaccine candidate for the impending polio-free era. In this study, we investigate the production, antigenicity, thermostability, immunogenicity, and structures of VLPs derived from PV serotype 2 (PV2) wildtype strain and thermally stabilized mutant (wtVLP and sVLP, respectively). Both PV2 wtVLP and sVLP are efficiently produced in Pichia pastoris yeast. The PV2 sVLP displays higher levels of D-antigen and significantly enhanced thermostability than the wtVLP. Unlike the wtVLP, the sVLP elicits neutralizing antibodies in mice at levels comparable to those induced by inactivated polio vaccine. The addition of an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant to sVLP results in faster induction and a higher magnitude of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, our cryo-EM structural study of both sVLP and wtVLP reveals a native conformation for the sVLP and a non-native expanded conformation for the wtVLP. Our work not only validates the yeast-produced PV2 sVLP as a promising vaccine candidate with high production potential but also sheds light on the structural mechanisms that underpin the assembly and immunogenicity of the PV2 sVLP. These findings may expedite the development of sVLP-based PV vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 3rd Edition: Development of Vaccines Based on Virus-Like Particles)
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17 pages, 2863 KiB  
Article
A Pseudovirus Nanoparticle Displaying the Vaccinia Virus L1 Protein Elicited High Neutralizing Antibody Titers and Provided Complete Protection to Mice against Mortality Caused by a Vaccinia Virus Challenge
by Pengwei Huang, Ming Xia, Frank S. Vago, Wen Jiang and Ming Tan
Vaccines 2024, 12(8), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080846 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1159
Abstract
The recent worldwide incidence of mpox infection and concerns about future emerging variants of mpox viruses highlight the need for the development of a new generation of mpox vaccines. To achieve this goal, we utilized our norovirus S nanoparticle vaccine platform to produce [...] Read more.
The recent worldwide incidence of mpox infection and concerns about future emerging variants of mpox viruses highlight the need for the development of a new generation of mpox vaccines. To achieve this goal, we utilized our norovirus S nanoparticle vaccine platform to produce and evaluate two pseudovirus nanoparticles (PVNPs), S-L1 and S-J1. These PVNPs displayed the L1 neutralizing antigen target of the vaccinia virus and a yet-untested J1 antigen of the mpox virus, respectively, with the aim of creating an effective nanoparticle-based mpox vaccine. Each self-assembled PVNP consists of an inner shell resembling the interior layer of the norovirus capsid and multiple L1 or J1 antigens on the surface. The PVNPs improved the antibody responses toward the displayed L1 or J1 antigens in mice, resulting in significantly greater L1/J1-specific IgG and IgA titers than those elicited by the corresponding free L1 or J1 antigens. After immunization with the S-L1 PVNPs, the mouse sera exhibited high neutralizing antibody titers against the vaccinia virus, and the S-L1 PVNPs provided mice with 100% protection against mortality caused by vaccinia virus challenge. In contrast, the S-J1 PVNPs induced low neutralizing antibody titers and conferred mice weak protective immunity. These data confirm that the L1 protein is an excellent vaccine target and that the readily available S-L1 PVNPs are a promising mpox vaccine candidate worthy of further development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 3rd Edition: Development of Vaccines Based on Virus-Like Particles)
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