The 2nd Edition: Cellular and Humoral Immunity after COVID-19 Vaccination

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2024) | Viewed by 2931

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Guest Editor
Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: hypertension; chronic kidney disease; acute kidney injury; renin-angiotensin system; kidney transplantation; hemodialysis; COVID-19; vaccination
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the turn of 2019 and 2020 posed a substantial global challenge. The number of infected people and deaths reached unprecedented levels, paralyzing health services in many countries. Vaccination was the most effective tool of pandemic control. In clinical practice, vaccination produced decreased infections, a milder course of COVID-19, and a reduced mortality rate. One should also remember that the natural course of the pandemic and subsequent mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 weakened the virus and contributed to a milder course of the disease and the gradual extinction of the pandemic. Although many aspects of COVID-19 immunity and vaccine response have already been clarified, there is still a sizable gap between clinicians’ questions and the available explanations. This is especially true given the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and new emerging variants and requires further research.

The second edition of this Special Issue, entitled "Cellular and Humoral Immunity after COVID-19 Vaccination", will summarize the current state of knowledge. Potential submission topics include (but are not limited to) the following issues:

  1. The efficacy and reactogenicity of vaccines against new variants of SARS-CoV-2;
  2. The efficacy supplementary doses of classical vaccines against the original Wuhan SARS-COV-2 strain in preventing infections, hospitalizations and death caused by new variants of the virus;
  3. Long-term safety of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2;
  4. Cellular and humoral response in immunocompetent and immunocompromised population;
  5. Differences in the immune response between vaccines;
  6. Schemes of vaccination enhancing immune responses in immunocompromised patients;
  7. Comparing immune response after vaccination with the natural immunity of convalescents;
  8. Vaccines against new variants.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. We look forward to your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Leszek Tylicki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • humoral immunity
  • cellular immunity
  • vaccine
  • vaccination

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 7663 KiB  
Article
Changes in Phenotypic and Molecular Features of Naïve and Central Memory T Helper Cell Subsets following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
by Mia Mosavie, Jennifer Rynne, Matthew Fish, Peter Smith, Aislinn Jennings, Shivani Singh, Jonathan Millar, Heli Harvala, Ana Mora, Fotini Kaloyirou, Alexandra Griffiths, Valerie Hopkins, Charlotte Washington, Lise J. Estcourt, David Roberts and Manu Shankar-Hari
Vaccines 2024, 12(9), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12091040 - 11 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Molecular changes in lymphocytes following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that studying the molecular (transcriptomic, epigenetic, and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire) changes in CD4+ T cells following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could inform protective mechanisms and refinement of future vaccines. We [...] Read more.
Molecular changes in lymphocytes following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that studying the molecular (transcriptomic, epigenetic, and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire) changes in CD4+ T cells following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could inform protective mechanisms and refinement of future vaccines. We tested this hypothesis by reporting alterations in CD4+ T cell subsets and molecular features of CD4+ naïve and CD4+ central memory (CM) subsets between the unvaccinated and vaccinated groups. Compared with the unvaccinated, the vaccinated had higher HLA-DR expression in CD4+ T subsets, a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that overlapped with key differentially accessible regions (DARs) along the chromatin linked to inflammasome activation, translation, regulation (of apoptosis, inflammation), and significant changes in clonal architecture beyond SARS-CoV-2 specificity. Several of these differences were more pronounced in the CD4+CM subset. Taken together, our observations imply that the COVID-19 vaccine exerts its protective effects via modulation of acute inflammation to SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Full article
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19 pages, 2298 KiB  
Article
Plasma EV-miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of COVID-19 Vaccine Immune Response in Cancer Patients
by Beatriz Almeida, Tânia R. Dias, Pedro Cruz, Mário Sousa-Pimenta, Ana Luísa Teixeira, Catarina Esteves Pereira, Bruno Costa-Silva, Júlio Oliveira, Rui Medeiros and Francisca Dias
Vaccines 2024, 12(8), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080848 - 28 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Cancer patients, prone to severe COVID-19, face immune challenges due to their disease and treatments. Identifying biomarkers, particularly extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived microRNAs (miRNAs), is vital for comprehending their response to COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate specific EV-miRNAs in the plasma [...] Read more.
Cancer patients, prone to severe COVID-19, face immune challenges due to their disease and treatments. Identifying biomarkers, particularly extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived microRNAs (miRNAs), is vital for comprehending their response to COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate specific EV-miRNAs in the plasma of cancer patients under active treatment who received the COVID-19 booster vaccine. The selected miRNAs (EV-hsa-miR-7-5p, EV-hsa-miR-15b-5p, EV-hsa-miR-24-3p, EV-hsa-miR-145- 5p, and EV-hsa-miR-223-3p) are involved in regulating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and cytokine release, making them potential biomarkers for vaccination response. The study involved 54 cancer patients. Plasma and serum samples were collected at pre-boost vaccination, and at 3 and 6 months post-boost vaccination. Anti-spike antibody levels were measured. Additionally, RNA was extracted from EVs isolated from plasma and the expression levels of miRNAs were assessed. The results showed a significantly positive antibody response after COVID-19 boost vaccination. The expression levels of EV-hsa-miR-7-5p, EV-hsa-miR-15b-5p, EV-hsa-miR-24-3p, and EV-hsa-miR-223-3p increased significantly after 6 months of COVID-19 booster vaccination. Interestingly, an increased expression of certain EV-hsa-miRNAs was positively correlated. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these correlated miRNAs play a critical role in regulating the targets present in antiviral responses and cytokine production. These findings suggest that EV-hsa-miR-15b-5p, EV-hsa-miR-24-3p, and EV-hsa-miR-223-3p may be crucial in immune response induced by mRNA vaccines. Full article
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