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Vaccines
Special Issues
Latest National HPV Vaccine Programs and Outcomes in the World
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Latest National HPV Vaccine Programs and Outcomes in the World

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Papillomavirus Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 17937

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Etsuko Miyagi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 236-0027, Janpan
Interests: cervical cancer; HPV vaccine; screening; cytology; HPV testing; advocacy; education
Dr. Yutaka Ueda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Interests: cervical cancer; HPV vaccine; advocacy; epidemiology; education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially declared the global strategy on the Elimination of Cervical Cancer in November 2020, which focuses on preventing cervical cancer through HPV vaccination, screening precancerous lesions and managing and treating invasive cervical cancer. The strategies include “Ninety percent of girls should be fully vaccinated by 15 years of age, 70% of women should be screened at least twice with a high-performance test by age 45 and 90% of women with precancer or cancer should receive the appropriate care and treatment, including palliative care”. The stances towards achieving the goal seem to vary from country to country, and knowing the status of each country 0r district may accelerate and encourage the efforts to meet these magnificent goals. In addition, I expect that this special issue will play a certain role for the goal.

Dr. Etsuko Miyagi
Dr. Yutaka Ueda
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cervical cancer
  • HPV vaccine
  • Screening
  • Cytology
  • HPV testing
  • Advocacy
  • Education
  • WHO
  • National immunization program
  • Epidemiology

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 172 KiB  
Editorial
Importance of Education about Cervical Cancer and Its Preventive Measures for the Promotion of HPV Vaccine According to the WHO Strategies
by Yutaka Ueda and Etsuko Miyagi
Vaccines 2021, 9(10), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101199 - 18 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1923
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially declared a global strategy regarding the Elimination of Cervical Cancer in November 2020, which focuses on preventing cervical cancer through HPV vaccination, screening precancerous lesions and managing and treating invasive cervical cancer [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest National HPV Vaccine Programs and Outcomes in the World)

Research

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11 pages, 1506 KiB  
Article
HPV Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Opportunity Loss or Incremental Cost
by Francesco Saverio Mennini, Andrea Silenzi, Andrea Marcellusi, Michele Conversano, Andrea Siddu and Giovanni Rezza
Vaccines 2022, 10(7), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071133 - 16 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2367
Abstract
Objectives: Italy was the first European country to introduce universal vaccination of adolescents, for both males and females, against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) starting in 2017 with the NIP 2017–2019′s release. However, vaccine coverage rates (VCRs) among adolescents have shown a precarious take-off [...] Read more.
Objectives: Italy was the first European country to introduce universal vaccination of adolescents, for both males and females, against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) starting in 2017 with the NIP 2017–2019′s release. However, vaccine coverage rates (VCRs) among adolescents have shown a precarious take-off since the NIP’s release, and this situation worsened due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The aim of this work is to estimate the epidemiological and economic impact of drops in VCRs due to the pandemic on those generations that missed the vaccination appointment and to discuss alternative scenarios in light of the national data. Methods: Through an analysis of the official ministerial HPV vaccination reports, a model was developed to estimate the number of 12-year-old males and females who were not vaccinated against HPV during the period 2017–2021. Based on previously published models that estimate the incidence and the economic impact of HPV-related diseases in Italy, a new model was developed to estimate the impact of the aggregated HPV VCRs achieved in Italy between 2017 and 2021. Results: Overall, in 2021, 723,375 girls and 1,011,906 boys born between 2005 and 2009 were not vaccinated against HPV in Italy (42% and 52% of these cohorts, respectively). As compared with the 95% target provided by the Italian NIP, between 505,000 and 634,000 girls will not be protected against a large number of HPV-related diseases. For boys, the number of the unvaccinated population compared to the applicable target is over 615,000 in the ‘best case scenario’ and over 749,000 in the ‘worst case scenario’. Overall, between 1.1 and 1.3 million young adolescents born between 2005 and 2009 will not be protected against HPV-related diseases over their lifetime with expected lifetime costs of non-vaccination that will be over EUR 905 million. If the 95% optimal VCRs were achieved, the model estimates a cost reduction equal to EUR 529 million, the net of the costs incurred to implement the vaccination program. Conclusion: Suboptimal vaccination coverage represents a missed opportunity, not only because of the increased burden of HPV-related diseases, but also in terms of economic loss. Thus, reaching national HPV immunization goals is a public health priority. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest National HPV Vaccine Programs and Outcomes in the World)
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16 pages, 467 KiB  
Article
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Main Stakeholders towards Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Vaccination in Mombasa and Tana-River Counties in Kenya: A Qualitative Study
by Diana Wangeshi Njuguna, Nour Mahrouseh, Osarugue Victory Isowamwen and Orsolya Varga
Vaccines 2021, 9(10), 1099; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101099 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4215
Abstract
Following a successful Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination pilot in 2013–2015 in Kitui county, Kenya introduced the HPV vaccine in October 2019 with a goal to immunize approximately 800,000 girls annually against HPV. Our study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of affected [...] Read more.
Following a successful Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination pilot in 2013–2015 in Kitui county, Kenya introduced the HPV vaccine in October 2019 with a goal to immunize approximately 800,000 girls annually against HPV. Our study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of affected groups towards HPV infection and vaccination in two counties of Kenya. Semi-structured interviews from children aged between nine and thirteen years and key informants comprising of parents, head teachers, community leaders and health workers involved in HPV vaccination in health facilities from Mombasa and Tana-River counties were conducted. Content was analyzed thematically and coded for emerging themes using the QRS Nvivo 12 Plus (QRS International, Doncaster, Australia) software package. From our findings, a significant proportion of participants, especially children, have limited knowledge of the subject. Vaccination of boys was opposed by most participants. Parents and the community members are not in favor of HPV vaccination, as compared to the other groups. A similar pattern of inadequate knowledge and strongly opposed attitudes was observed in Tana-River and Mombasa. Active community involvement in primary prevention strategies may promote the uptake of the vaccine which can be achieved by robust awareness, modifying the negative beliefs about HPV vaccine and encouraging the perceptibility of HPV vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest National HPV Vaccine Programs and Outcomes in the World)
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Review

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16 pages, 571 KiB  
Review
A Review of the Implementation Status of and National Plans on HPV Vaccination in 17 Middle-Income Countries of the WHO Western Pacific Region
by Rei Haruyama, Sumiyo Okawa, Hiroki Akaba, Hiromi Obara and Noriko Fujita
Vaccines 2021, 9(11), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111355 - 18 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4303
Abstract
The World Health Organization’s Western Pacific Region is responsible for one-fourth of the global cervical cancer burden, and nearly 90% of that burden is concentrated in middle-income countries (MICs). Applying a conceptual model of implementation of population-based interventions, we synthesized the current implementation [...] Read more.
The World Health Organization’s Western Pacific Region is responsible for one-fourth of the global cervical cancer burden, and nearly 90% of that burden is concentrated in middle-income countries (MICs). Applying a conceptual model of implementation of population-based interventions, we synthesized the current implementation status of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and national plans that form the basis of its implementation in 17 MICs. We gathered information from a range of governmental documents, published studies, and global databases. For all available national cancer-related plans and immunization plans, we examined the description of HPV vaccination. We found that, as of July 2021, only four countries (24%) had a mature HPV vaccination program with a high first-dose coverage; three (18%) had introduced HPV vaccination, but needed further efforts to scale it up, seven (41%) had not been able to introduce it after conducting demonstration projects, and three (18%) did not have any experience in HPV vaccination. In the national plans, most of the countries recognized the importance of HPV vaccination, but only 10 (59%) provided an implementation strategy on how it would be introduced or scaled up. Countries with a mature program were more likely to have their implementation strategy detailed in their national cancer control plan. Successful implementation of HPV vaccination requires overcoming known challenges and having a clear national plan. Positioning HPV vaccination clearly in the overall national cancer control plan may be key to accelerating its nationwide implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest National HPV Vaccine Programs and Outcomes in the World)
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12 pages, 606 KiB  
Review
Cervical Cancer Protection in Japan: Where Are We?
by Asami Yagi, Yutaka Ueda, Mamoru Kakuda, Satoshi Nakagawa, Kosuke Hiramatsu, Ai Miyoshi, Eiji Kobayashi, Toshihiro Kimura, Megumi Kurosawa, Manako Yamaguchi, Sosuke Adachi, Risa Kudo, Masayuki Sekine, Yukio Suzuki, Akiko Sukegawa, Sayaka Ikeda, Etsuko Miyagi, Takayuki Enomoto and Tadashi Kimura
Vaccines 2021, 9(11), 1263; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111263 - 1 Nov 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4329
Abstract
In Japan, government subsidies for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of girls aged 13–16 commenced in 2010. By early 2013, vaccination had become a widely accepted national immunization program. However, in June of 2013, the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW), the government’s [...] Read more.
In Japan, government subsidies for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of girls aged 13–16 commenced in 2010. By early 2013, vaccination had become a widely accepted national immunization program. However, in June of 2013, the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW), the government’s lead agency, suspended its recommendation for vaccination in response to reports of adverse vaccine events. The rate of HPV vaccination quickly dropped from 70% to almost zero, where it has lingered for eight years. In 2020, a new 9-valent HPV vaccine was licensed in Japan. The momentum seemed to be building for the resumption of HPV vaccinations, yet Japanese mothers remain widely hesitant about vaccinating their daughters, despite the well-proven safety and efficacy of the HPV vaccines. The Japanese government and our educational and medical institutions must work harder as a team to inform our parents and their children about the life-saving benefits of the HPV vaccine, and at the same time, we must respond to all their concerns and questions. The vaccine hesitancy of unvaccinated women born in 2000 and thereafter is a natural consequence of the suspension of the government‘s recommendation. We must also take every possible measure to reduce the significant risk for cervical cancer these women have. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest National HPV Vaccine Programs and Outcomes in the World)
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