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Veterinary Sciences
Special Issues
Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases in Horses
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Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases in Horses

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 4495

Special Issue Editors

Dr. M. Katie Sheats

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
Interests: equine; immunology; infectious disease; spontaneous animal disease models; sepsis; neutrophils; asthma
Dr. Kallie Hobbs

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
Interests: sepsis; biomarkers; coagulation; inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inflammation is a natural host response to tissue insult and injury. In addition to the benefits it provides, inflammation also plays a serious role in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases and conditions that affect horses, having deleterious effects on patient health and welfare. Researchers are continuously seeking new ways to understand, predict, prevent, mitigate and treat these inflammatory disorders in horses. This Special Issue seeks to provide new insights into and findings from the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of inflammatory conditions and diseases that impact the health and welfare of equids around the world.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Inflammatory cell signaling;
  • Cellular mechanisms of inflammation;
  • Novel biomarkers of inflammation;
  • Impact of inflammation on disease outcomes;
  • Clinical studies of inflammatory disorders;
  • Novel treatment strategies.

Dr. M. Katie Sheats
Dr. Kallie Hobbs
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inflammation
  • inflammatory diseases
  • horses

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1127 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Extracted Plasma Cell-Free DNA as a Biomarker in Foals with Sepsis
by Kallie J. Hobbs, Bethanie L. Cooper, Katarzyna Dembek and M. Katie Sheats
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(8), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11080346 - 1 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1441
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is fragmented extracellular DNA that is released from cells into various body fluids. Previously published data from adult horses supports cfDNA as a potential disease biomarker, but also shows that direct measurement in plasma is inaccurate due to matrix effect. [...] Read more.
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is fragmented extracellular DNA that is released from cells into various body fluids. Previously published data from adult horses supports cfDNA as a potential disease biomarker, but also shows that direct measurement in plasma is inaccurate due to matrix effect. It is currently unknown whether a similar matrix effect exists in foal plasma. Given this, the objectives of the current study were to investigate foal plasma for potential matrix effect during fluorescence measurement of cfDNA using a Qubit fluorometer, and to determine whether neat and/or extracted plasma cfDNA concentrations are significantly different in healthy, sick non-septic (SNS) or septic foals. We hypothesized that matrix effect would interfere with accurate fluorescent measurement of cfDNA in foal plasma. Further, we hypothesized that mean extracted cfDNA concentrations, and/or extracted cfDNA:neutrophil ratio, would be elevated in plasma of septic foals compared to healthy or SNS foals. Cell-free DNA was measured in neat plasma, and following DNA extraction with a commercial kit, from 60 foals. Foal plasma exhibited both autofluorescence and non-specific dye binding, confirming matrix effect. However, even with extraction, no significant difference was found in cfDNA concentrations, or cfDNA:neutrophil ratios, between healthy (sepsis score ≤ 5), SNS (sepsis score 6–11 and negative blood culture), or septic (sepsis score ≥ 12 ± positive blood culture) foals. Our data show that matrix effect interferes with accurate Qubit measurement of cfDNA in foal plasma and supports previous findings that plasma cfDNA concentrations are not associated with sepsis diagnosis in foals. Further research is needed to better understand neutrophil function and dysfunction in foal sepsis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases in Horses)
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Review

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27 pages, 1291 KiB  
Review
A Review of Epithelial Ion Transporters and Their Roles in Equine Infectious Colitis
by Lillian M. B. Haywood and Breanna J. Sheahan
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(10), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11100480 - 7 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1192
Abstract
Equine colitis is a devastating disease with a high mortality rate. Infectious pathogens associated with colitis in the adult horse include Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella spp., Neorickettsia risticii/findlaynesis, and equine coronavirus. Antimicrobial-associated colitis can be associated with [...] Read more.
Equine colitis is a devastating disease with a high mortality rate. Infectious pathogens associated with colitis in the adult horse include Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella spp., Neorickettsia risticii/findlaynesis, and equine coronavirus. Antimicrobial-associated colitis can be associated with the presence of infectious pathogens. Colitis can also be due to non-infectious causes, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration, sand ingestion, and infiltrative bowel disease. Current treatments focus on symptomatic treatment (restoring fluid and electrolyte balance, preventing laminitis and sepsis). Intestinal epithelial ion channels are key regulators of electrolyte (especially sodium and chloride) and water movement into the lumen. Dysfunctional ion channels play a key role in the development of diarrhea. Infectious pathogens, including Salmonella spp. and C. difficile, have been shown to regulate ion channels in a variety of ways. In other species, there has been an increased interest in ion channel manipulation as an anti-diarrheal treatment. While targeting ion channels also represents a promising way to manage diarrhea associated with equine colitis, ion channels have not been well studied in the equine colon. This review provides an overview of what is known about colonic ion channels and their known or putative role in specific types of equine colitis due to various pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases in Horses)
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Other

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10 pages, 734 KiB  
Brief Report
Phenotypic Shift of an Inflammatory Eosinophil Subset into a Steady-State Resident Phenotype after 2 Years of Vaccination against IL-5 in Equine Insect Bite Hypersensitivity
by Elio Schwarz, Fadi Jebbawi, Giulia Keller, Tanya Rhiner, Anna Fricker, Nina Waldern, Fabia Canonica, Angelika Schoster and Antonia Fettelschoss-Gabriel
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(10), 476; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11100476 - 5 Oct 2024
Viewed by 819
Abstract
Eosinophils play a key role in allergic diseases such as insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH). Together with Th2 cells, they shape the course of inflammation in associated type I/IVb allergies. Therefore, a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine targeting equine interleukin-5 (eIL-5), eIL-5-CuMV-TT, was developed to [...] Read more.
Eosinophils play a key role in allergic diseases such as insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH). Together with Th2 cells, they shape the course of inflammation in associated type I/IVb allergies. Therefore, a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine targeting equine interleukin-5 (eIL-5), eIL-5-CuMV-TT, was developed to interfere with the IL-5 dependency of eosinophils by inducing the production of anti-self-IL-5 antibodies and alleviating clinical signs in IBH-affected horses. A previous study highlighted the presence of two eosinophil subsets, steady-state resident eosinophils (rEos) and inflammatory eosinophils (iEos), circulating in the blood of healthy and IBH-affected horses, distinguishable by the expression of integrin CD49f. Furthermore, eIL-5-CuMV-TT 1st year vaccination showed a significant decrease of total eosinophils and, in particular, iEos. Nevertheless, the very few remaining eosinophils still shared an iEos phenotype, reflected by bigger size and higher granularity. The aim of this study was to follow up on the phenotype of eosinophils in the 2nd year of vaccination of IBH-affected horses with eIL-5-CuMV-TT. Using flow cytometry analysis of the blood of healthy, IBH, IBH-placebo, and IBH-vaccinated horses, the percentage and count of cells were compared between groups with a focus on pair analysis of eosinophils in 1st and 2nd year vaccinated horses. Our data showed comparably low levels of iEos and a significant increase of rEos in 2nd year compared to 1st year vaccinated horses, suggesting a phenotypic shift toward a resident-like eosinophil population, primarily associated with the phenotype of healthy horses. The reduction of size, granularity, and expression of integrin CD49f in the 2nd year suggests a benefit of long-term treatment with the eIL-5-CuMV-TT vaccine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases in Horses)
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