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Veterinary Sciences
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Current Research in Equine Dentistry
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Current Research in Equine Dentistry

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Surgery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 16550

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Carsten Staszyk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
Interests: anatomy, histology and embryology of the stomatognathic system; comparative odontology; periodontology; dental and periodontal stem cells; oral/dental histology; dental/periodontal pathohistology; oral/dental malformations; temporomandibular joint; equine paranasal sinus system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Astrid Bienert-Zeit

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
Interests: clinical equine dentistry
Prof. Dr. Lieven Vlaminck

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
Interests: clinical equine dentistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Equine dentistry has become a highly recognized and significant discipline in the wide field of equine medicine. In addition to so-called routine dental procedures to maintain solid food comminution, many efforts are made to adapt specific dental and periodontal therapies to the very distinct anatomy and physiology of the equine dentition. However, it has been generally noticed that numerous treatments that are well established in dentistry of non-equine, brachyodont species such as humans, dogs and cats appear inappropriate for use on the hypsodont teeth of the horse. This is not simply due to the much larger dimensions of the equine dentition compared to small companion animals and humans, but rather due to the unique dental and periodontal tissues and tissue arrangements in the horse. These fairly described and understood anatomical and physiological characteristics account for the remarkable dynamics of the equine dentition in terms of massive dental wear at the occlusal surfaces and compensating lifelong dental eruption.

Regarding this background, we intend to compile recent findings to improve our basic and deeper understanding of the equine dentition in order to provide a substantial basis for the development of well-adapted diagnostics and treatments in the field of equine dentistry.

We invite researchers to contribute their recent findings, especially focusing on, but not limited to, the following:

  • Endodontic histology and anatomy; 
  • Dental hard substances;
  • Periodontal histology and anatomy;
  • Equine odontogenesis;
  • Occlusal surface geometry of extant and extinct equids;
  • Temporomandibular joint anatomy, biomechanics and pathology;
  • Etiopathology of equine-specific periodontal and dental diseases; 
  • Paranasal sinus anatomy and dental sinusitis;
  • Nutritional aspects of equine dental/oral health.

We look forward to receiving your contributions. 

Prof. Dr. Carsten Staszyk
Dr. Astrid Bienert-Zeit
Prof. Dr. Lieven Vlaminck
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Equine dental histology and anatomy;
  • Equine periodontal histology and anatomy;
  • Equine odontogenesis;
  • Occlusal surface morphology;
  • Equine periodontal and dental diseases;
  • Temporomandibular joint anatomy, biomechanics and pathology;
  • Nutritional aspects of equine oral and dental health;
  • Paranasal sinus anatomy and pathology

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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19 pages, 4838 KiB  
Article
Intra- and Interexaminer Measurement Variability Analysis of an Orthodontic Gauge Device to Determine Incisor Occlusal Surface Angles in the Horse
by Silvio Kau, Katharina S. Motter, Viktoria J. Moser, João R. Kunz, Matteo Pellachin and Bettina Hartl
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(9), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9090481 - 7 Sep 2022
Viewed by 2156
Abstract
Incisor malocclusions are common in horses. As yet, an evidence-based understanding of incisor occlusal surface angle dynamics and normocclusal range is missing. Orthodontic measuring devices could help unravel this information objectively but imply measurement validation. We evaluated intra- and interexaminer variability of repeated [...] Read more.
Incisor malocclusions are common in horses. As yet, an evidence-based understanding of incisor occlusal surface angle dynamics and normocclusal range is missing. Orthodontic measuring devices could help unravel this information objectively but imply measurement validation. We evaluated intra- and interexaminer variability of repeated sagittal and transversal incisor occlusal surface angle measures using a commercial orthodontic gauge device (MaPHorse1). Five examiners (two experienced, three inexperienced) measured six cadaver heads on 2 consecutive days in a blinded block-randomization design, resulting in 16 measures per examiner*head. Sagittal and transversal angle measures revealed low intraexaminer variability at scale-level independent mean SDs of α 0.58° and α 0.69°, respectively. Sagittal angle measures associate with low interexaminer variability, showing small mean angle differences (max. α 0.51° ± 0.35°), small scatter, and more consistent data reproducibility. Despite comparable mean interexaminer differences, the spread of transversal angle measures was relevantly higher using the proposed landmarks (average 2.2-fold higher interquartile range). The measurement performance of experienced and inexperienced examiners did not systematically differ. The time required for individual measurements was already comparable after 24/96 repetitions. This instrument may help deciphering sagittal angle normocclusal range and orthognathic dynamics and, with a proposed procedural amendment, transversal angle as well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research in Equine Dentistry)
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13 pages, 5269 KiB  
Article
The Equine Dental Pulp: Histomorphometric Analysis of the Equine Dental Pulp in Incisors and Cheek Teeth
by Jessica Roßgardt, Laura Beate Heilen, Kathrin Büttner, Jutta Dern-Wieloch, Jörg Vogelsberg and Carsten Staszyk
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(6), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060261 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6498
Abstract
To maintain a healthy and functional status, equine hypsodont teeth have to produce lifelong large amounts of subocclusal dentin to prevent occlusal pulp exposure, which is caused by occlusal wear. To examine the cyto- and histological components that guarantee the lifelong high productivity [...] Read more.
To maintain a healthy and functional status, equine hypsodont teeth have to produce lifelong large amounts of subocclusal dentin to prevent occlusal pulp exposure, which is caused by occlusal wear. To examine the cyto- and histological components that guarantee the lifelong high productivity of equine pulp, a limited number of ten incisors and ten cheek teeth from seven adult horses (aged 5 to 24 years) and five foals were sampled for preliminary histomorphometric and histomorphological evaluations. Independently of age, the equine dental pulp featured constant layers of predentin and odontoblastic cells, as well as soft connective tissue, composed of a cellular fibrous matrix, in which blood vessels and nerve fibers were embedded. As a result of the progressive deposition of newly formed dentin, the layer of dentin became thicker with age, and the size of the pulp chamber decreased. In contrast to the brachydont teeth, the morphological characteristics of the odontoblastic layer and the width of the predentin layer did not change with age. Therefore, it is assumed that the equine pulp tissue retained their juvenile status, which explains its unchanged ability to produce high amounts of subocclusal dentin. These preliminary, but clinically significant, findings are worthy of further investigation in order to identify strategies for equine-specific endodontic therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research in Equine Dentistry)
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13 pages, 2152 KiB  
Article
Influence of Butorphanol, Buprenorphine and Levomethadone on Sedation Quality and Postoperative Analgesia in Horses Undergoing Cheek Tooth Extraction
by Daphna Emanuel, Sabine B. R. Kästner, Julien Delarocque, Anne J. Grob and Astrid Bienert-Zeit
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(4), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9040174 - 6 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3181
Abstract
The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to compare the influence of butorphanol, buprenorphine and levomethadone on sedation quality and postoperative analgesia in horses undergoing cheek tooth extraction. Fifty horses were assigned to three groups prior to oral cheek tooth extraction. Horses [...] Read more.
The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to compare the influence of butorphanol, buprenorphine and levomethadone on sedation quality and postoperative analgesia in horses undergoing cheek tooth extraction. Fifty horses were assigned to three groups prior to oral cheek tooth extraction. Horses were treated with acepromazine, followed by a detomidine bolus, one of the three opioids and both a nerve block and gingival anaesthesia. During the surgery, sedation was maintained with a detomidine constant rate infusion. After surgery, the quality of sedation, surgical conditions and severity of the extraction were assessed with a numerical rating scale. To evaluate differences in the quality of analgesia between the three treatments, postoperative pain was estimated with the Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment of Pain. Additionally, several parameters that are associated with dental pain were added to this validated pain score, and blood samples were taken to measure serum cortisol. Our analysis showed lower pain scores and a greater analgesic effect with levomethadone and buprenorphine compared with butorphanol, with increased locomotor activity induced by buprenorphine. While cortisol values demonstrated higher response in horses treated with levomethadone and buprenorphine compared to butorphanol, these values could be biased by unrelated stressors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research in Equine Dentistry)
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18 pages, 10412 KiB  
Case Report
Trephination versus Minimally Invasive Transnasal Approaches for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sinus Disease in Horses
by Matthias C. Jehle, Nora M. Biermann and Eva Haltmayer
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(7), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070334 - 1 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3477
Abstract
This retrospective case series aims to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment options for sinus disease in horses, with a special focus on surgical approaches. The medical records of 25 horses with sinusitis which presented to the equine hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, [...] Read more.
This retrospective case series aims to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment options for sinus disease in horses, with a special focus on surgical approaches. The medical records of 25 horses with sinusitis which presented to the equine hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, between August 2020 and January 2022 were analysed. In 11 cases, conservative treatment by the transnasal endoscopic lavage of the affected sinuses through the sinonasal channel or through a developed, pre-existing sinonasal fistula was performed. In the remaining 14 cases, openings into the sinus for subsequent lavage were surgically created either via classical trephination/bone flaps (8) or by transnasal endoscopically guided minimally invasive approaches (8). In some cases (2), a combination of classical extra-nasal and minimally invasive transnasal approaches was required. The minimally invasive techniques used were comprised of laser surgery (3), electrosurgery (3) and balloon sinoplasty (2). The sinusitis and underlying diseases were successfully treated in all of the horses until hospital discharge. Long-term follow-up could be obtained only from a small number of patients due to the temporal proximity (the study began two years ago) to their initial discharge from the hospital, but they showed the continuous resolution of clinical signs in all cases in which follow up data were available. The results of this case series indicate that if surgical intervention is required, minimally invasive techniques appear to be a promising and potentially cheaper alternative to classical extra-nasal approaches for the treatment of sinus disease in selected cases. In the future, the use of these techniques should be considered more commonly with the broader availability of improved endoscopes and instruments. Additionally, by using small-diameter endoscopes, the need for any surgical intervention might be significantly reduced in many cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research in Equine Dentistry)
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