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Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction
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Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Urban Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2024) | Viewed by 7319

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yongwei Gong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: urban rainfall runoff; low impact development (LID); urban flooding forecasting; urban flooding control; urban non-point source pollution; combined sewer overflow pollution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhiyu Shao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education of Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2. School of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
Interests: urban flooding control; stormwater model; optimization; stormwater management; water resources; non-point pollution control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to announce and invite submissions to this new Special Issue, titled “Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction”.

Extreme rainfalls occur frequently, causing serious urban flooding in recent years. Urban flooding includes local water ponding and road flooding. In addition to the rainfall itself, the factors affecting urban flooding include topography, slope, land use, storm inlets, low impact development facilities, drainage network, storage facilities, river and lake water levels, dam setting and operation, etc. Besides rainfall and terrain, a reasonable adjustment of the factors mentioned above can affect the degree of flood. The prediction and early warning of flood is a task that can be carried out before the occurrence of flood, which requires a real-time, fast, and accurate simulation of flooding events. Traditional hydrological and hydraulic models are extremely time-consuming, especially when it comes to a large scale of simulation. Hence, new simulation and prediction techniques are needed, which include, for example, machine learning. The prevention and control of flooding requires close cooperation from relevant departments such as meteorology, drainage, and water conservancy. It is necessary to build an intelligence platform to connect the work of these departments. The effectiveness of intelligence platforms is an important research topic. The above research content is closely related to the construction of a sponge city.

This Special Issue invites the submission of original research papers or review papers covering the latest findings and progresses in this field. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: urban flooding forecasting; urban flooding control; low impact development (LID); major drainage system; sponge city; machine learning; and intelligence platform. Contributions related to controlling urban floods by applying intelligent techniques will be also welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Yongwei Gong
Dr. Zhiyu Shao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urban flooding forecasting
  • urban flooding control
  • urban flooding threshold
  • low impact development (LID)
  • major drainage system
  • sponge city
  • machine learning
  • intelligence platform

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2319 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dry Periods on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Runoff Infiltration Devices and Their Biological Succession Patterns
by Tian He, Chonghua Xue, Junqi Li, Wenhai Wang, Xiaoli Du, Yongwei Gong, Yimeng Zhao, Manman Liang and Yaxin Ren
Water 2024, 16(17), 2372; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172372 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 730
Abstract
When using runoff infiltration devices to remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from urban runoff, the quality of the effluent is affected by the length of dry spells between rain events. This study presents a novel analysis of how these dry periods impact the [...] Read more.
When using runoff infiltration devices to remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from urban runoff, the quality of the effluent is affected by the length of dry spells between rain events. This study presents a novel analysis of how these dry periods impact the device’s effectiveness in removing pollutants and the resulting biological succession within the filter. Our analysis examines nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a rainwater filtration context, providing new insights into how dry period duration influences infiltration system performance. The results indicate that biological processes have a significant impact on reducing total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents under different drying periods. A 3-day drying period is most effective for reducing TN through biological processes, while a 7-day period is best for TP reduction. This suggests that moderately extending the drying period improves TP removal efficiency but does not enhance TN removal. The dominant bacterial phylum responsible for denitrification and phosphorus removal is Proteobacteria, with Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter as the leading genera. As the drying period lengthens, the dominant genera shift from Pseudomonas to Massilia. At a 3-day drying period, denitrification primarily occurs through Pseudomonas on the surfaces of maifanite and zeolite. At a 7-day dry-out period, Acinetobacter is mainly responsible for phosphate removal on maifanite surfaces. However, after a 14-day dry-out period, both biomass and bioactivity of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter decrease, leading to reduced efficiency in removing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from runoff infiltration devices. These results aid in developing runoff infiltration devices for specific scenarios and offer crucial guidance for regulating runoff pollution control technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction)
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21 pages, 8263 KiB  
Article
A Structural Optimization of Urban Drainage Systems: An Optimization Approach for Mitigating Urban Floods
by Yukun Zhang, Ersong Wang and Yongwei Gong
Water 2024, 16(12), 1696; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16121696 - 14 Jun 2024
Viewed by 3131
Abstract
Urbanization and climate change increasingly challenge urban water management. In this context, the design of stormwater drainage systems, which traditionally relies on historical rainfall records, is being questioned. Although significant efforts have been dedicated to optimizing drainage networks, the upgrading of existing systems [...] Read more.
Urbanization and climate change increasingly challenge urban water management. In this context, the design of stormwater drainage systems, which traditionally relies on historical rainfall records, is being questioned. Although significant efforts have been dedicated to optimizing drainage networks, the upgrading of existing systems remains understudied. This research devised a set of viable stormwater drainage networks, referencing the road network of the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City (data from Google Maps). On this basis, utilizing design rainfall data (sourced from the local meteorological center), an extensive array of scenario analyses was conducted. The investigation assessed the performance of implementing two redundancy-based interventions—introducing loops and enlarging pipe diameters—as well as the patterns of flood risk response, and by integrating a multi-objective optimization algorithm, this study proposes a framework for the optimization of grey infrastructure upgrades based on component replacement. The findings suggest that a precise deployment strategy for grey infrastructure is essential. The former improves the effective flow distribution of the drainage system, while the latter enhances its flow capacity, making each intervention suitable for drainage systems with a different degree of centralization. Further research shows that an integrated hybrid scheme brings significant flood risk improvement with strong applicability for most urban drainage systems. The upgrade model proposed in this study could be a valuable initiative, offering theoretical insights for the construction and development of resilient cities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction)
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20 pages, 17130 KiB  
Article
Research on the Method of Determining Rainfall Thresholds for Waterlogging Risk in Subway Stations
by Xinxin Xu, Zhuolun Li, Mengge Wang, Haozheng Wang and Yongwei Gong
Water 2024, 16(11), 1596; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16111596 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 779
Abstract
With the frequency of extreme rainfall increasing, the risk of waterlogging is significantly exacerbated in subway systems. It is imperative to first identify the rainfall threshold for waterlogging risk for subway stations in order to develop effective waterlogging prevention and control plans. This [...] Read more.
With the frequency of extreme rainfall increasing, the risk of waterlogging is significantly exacerbated in subway systems. It is imperative to first identify the rainfall threshold for waterlogging risk for subway stations in order to develop effective waterlogging prevention and control plans. This study focuses on Line 11 of the Beijing Subway, using InfoWorks ICM to construct a model of the research area and simulate waterlogging at various subway stations under different rainfall scenarios. The results indicate that there is a risk of waterlogging at Jinanqiao station, Moshikou station, and Beixinan station on Line 11. The accumulated water may enter the subway station through exits A, B, C, and D of Jinanqiao Station. The inlet sequence of Jinanqiao Station always follows A(B), C, and D, and the difference in waterlogging time for each outlet does not exceed 10 min. We derived the rainfall threshold formula for waterlogging risk at Jinanqiao subway station. Among the three influencing factors of topographic features, step height, and drainage capacity of the pipeline network, step height has a significant effect on increasing the rainfall threshold for waterlogging risk. The conclusions obtained can provide reference for the refined management of waterlogging risks in subway stations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction)
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18 pages, 6327 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Rainwater Storage Tanks Based on Different Enabling Rules
by Yongwei Gong, Ge Meng, Kun Tian and Zhuolun Li
Water 2024, 16(5), 787; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050787 - 6 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1159
Abstract
A proposed method for analyzing the effectiveness of rainwater storage tanks (RWSTs) based on various enabling rule scenarios has been proposed to address the issue of incomplete strategies and measures for controlling excessive rainwater runoff. Three enabling rules for RWSTs have been proposed, [...] Read more.
A proposed method for analyzing the effectiveness of rainwater storage tanks (RWSTs) based on various enabling rule scenarios has been proposed to address the issue of incomplete strategies and measures for controlling excessive rainwater runoff. Three enabling rules for RWSTs have been proposed, as follows: enabling rule I, which involves activation upon rainfall; enabling rule II, which requires the rainfall intensity to reach a predetermined threshold; and enabling rule III, which necessitates the cumulative rainfall to reach a set threshold. In order to assess the effectiveness of these enabling rules when reducing the total volume of rainwater outflow (TVRO), peak flow rate (PFR), and peak flow velocity (PFV), a comparative analysis was conducted to determine which enabling rule yielded the most optimal control effect. The findings indicate that the enabling rule I is responsible for determining the optimal unit catchment’s rainfall capture volume (UCRCV), which is measured at 300 m3·ha−1. Additionally, the control effect of the TVRO of the RWSTs remains largely unaffected by the peak proportion coefficient. Enabling rule II establishes the optimal activation threshold at a rainfall intensity of 1 mm·min−1; under this enabling rule, RWSTs demonstrate the most effective control over PFR and PFV. Enabling rule III enables the determination of the optimal activation threshold, which is set at a cumulative rainfall of 20 mm; under this enabling rule, the implementation of the RWST technique yields the most effective control over the TVRO. Consequently, the optimal rainwater runoff reduction plan for the study area has been successfully determined, providing valuable guidance for the implementation of scientific and reasonable optimal runoff management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction)
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Review

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20 pages, 8448 KiB  
Review
State-of-the-Art Techniques for Real-Time Monitoring of Urban Flooding: A Review
by Jiayi Song, Zhiyu Shao, Ziyi Zhan and Lei Chen
Water 2024, 16(17), 2476; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172476 - 30 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1183
Abstract
In the context of the increasing frequency of urban flooding disasters caused by extreme weather, the accurate and timely identification and monitoring of urban flood risks have become increasingly important. This article begins with a bibliometric analysis of the literature on urban flood [...] Read more.
In the context of the increasing frequency of urban flooding disasters caused by extreme weather, the accurate and timely identification and monitoring of urban flood risks have become increasingly important. This article begins with a bibliometric analysis of the literature on urban flood monitoring and identification, revealing that since 2017, this area has become a global research hotspot. Subsequently, it presents a systematic review of current mainstream urban flood monitoring technologies, drawing from both traditional and emerging data sources, which are categorized into sensor-based monitoring (including contact and non-contact sensors) and big data-based monitoring (including social media data and surveillance camera data). By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each technology and their different research focuses, this paper points out that current research largely emphasizes more “intelligent” monitoring technologies. However, these technologies still have certain limitations, and traditional sensor monitoring techniques retain significant advantages in practical applications. Therefore, future flood risk monitoring should focus on integrating multiple data sources, fully leveraging the strengths of different data sources to achieve real-time and accurate monitoring of urban flooding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction)
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