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The Application of Hydraulic Model and Numerical Simulation in River Engineering

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 3578

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cristina Maria Sena Fael

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
Interests: hydraulics; river engineering; hidrology; countermeasures; climate change mitigation; open channel hydraulics; sediment transport
Dr. Cátia Sofia Batista Taborda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre of Materials and and Building Technologies, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
Interests: environmental hydraulics; rivers hydraulics; climate change mitigation; river pollution; hydrodynamics processes; sediment transport; turbulent flow
Dr. Hamidreza Rahimi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
Interests: fluvial engineering; vegetation modelling; compound channels; cfd modelling; river engineering; surface hydrology; hydrological modelling; numerical analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

River engineering involves the control and use of rivers, focusing on serving societal needs while also keeping in mind environmental concerns. Its broad field of application can encompass river training, channel design, flood control, and hazard mitigation, which are all the more important in the face of climate change.

With the recent computational advancements, numerical tools have seen widespread adoption owing to their reliability in predicting flow behavior and in-depth analysis of the variables involved. Despite the increased reliance on numerical works, hydraulic model testing remains relevant in many advanced and complex problems. Indeed, combining experimental work with numerical tools allows us to bridge the individual limits of each method. In this scope, machine learning has also been gaining much attention, with promising results regarding flow hydrodynamics.

As such, this Special Issue invites contributions related (but not limited) to the latest developments or employment of hydraulic models, advanced methods of numerical simulations, and strategies involving machine learning and artificial intelligence. We welcome research shedding light on complex hydrodynamics (influenced by hydraulic conditions, presence of vegetation, or sediment transport), the performance of hydraulic structures, and even the adaptation and resilience of river systems to climate change and pollution.

Dr. Cristina Maria Sena Fael
Dr. Cátia Sofia Batista Taborda
Dr. Hamidreza Rahimi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • river engineering
  • numerical simulation
  • hydraulic models
  • environmental fluid dynamics
  • flow–structure interactions
  • mitigation measures

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4159 KiB  
Article
Scour Development Around an Oblong Bridge Pier: A Numerical and Experimental Study
by Ana Margarida Bento, João Pedro Pêgo, Teresa Viseu and Lúcia Couto
Water 2023, 15(16), 2867; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162867 - 8 Aug 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2118
Abstract
The complex flow structure around bridge piers is challenging for both experimental and numerical studies. Therefore, investigating the capabilities of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools in resolving the flow structure and the mechanism of sediment entrainment into and out of the scour hole [...] Read more.
The complex flow structure around bridge piers is challenging for both experimental and numerical studies. Therefore, investigating the capabilities of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools in resolving the flow structure and the mechanism of sediment entrainment into and out of the scour hole remains a challenging task. In this study, the scour depth around an oblong bridge pier and the bed shear stress distributions in time and space were numerically investigated using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool Sediment Simulation In Intakes with Multiblock option (SSIIM). Clear water scour conditions and sand of known granulometric composition were considered in accordance with the experimental study carried out. Laboratory data and the results of a scour characterization around a 0.11 m wide oblong bridge pier were considered to calibrate and validate the numerical model. The averaged form of the Navier–Stokes equations was considered to simulate the turbulent flow fields in anticipation of long time scales. The results show that calibrated numerical models can reproduce measured scour depths in the laboratory environment with considerable accuracy, with an average relative error of less than 3%, especially around oblong bridge piers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Hydraulic Model and Numerical Simulation in River Engineering)
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15 pages, 2280 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modelling of Turbulence Kinetic Energy in Open Channel Flows with Mixed-Layer Vegetation
by Hamidreza Rahimi, Cristina Maria Sena Fael, Cátia Sofia Batista Taborda, Saiyu Yuan, Xiaonan Tang, Prateek Kumar Singh, Emad Fardoost and César Augusto Vaz Santos
Water 2023, 15(14), 2544; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142544 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2463
Abstract
Vegetation plays a vital role in the flow characteristics of natural open channels, such as rivers. Typically, vegetation density is higher in the lower layer and sparser in the upper layer of these channels. In this research, Ansys Fluent and the k– [...] Read more.
Vegetation plays a vital role in the flow characteristics of natural open channels, such as rivers. Typically, vegetation density is higher in the lower layer and sparser in the upper layer of these channels. In this research, Ansys Fluent and the k–ϵ model have been employed to simulate various vegetation configurations to capture intricate flow complexities within vegetation regions. Numerical analysis demonstrated that the numerical results align with anticipated Turbulence Kinetic Energy data obtained from analytical and experimental studies. Our findings revealed that double-layer vegetation induces a more intricate flow distribution. In the spaces between vegetation zones, Turbulence Kinetic Energy decreases due to the resistance imposed by the vegetation patches. This resistance has positive implications for sustaining aquatic life and facilitating sediment deposition, promoting a more environmentally sustainable outcome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Hydraulic Model and Numerical Simulation in River Engineering)
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17 pages, 6464 KiB  
Article
Influence of Cross-Sectional Shape on Flow Capacity of Open Channels
by Chunlin Qiu, Shihe Liu, Jiesheng Huang, Wenhao Pan and Rui Xu
Water 2023, 15(10), 1877; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101877 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3008
Abstract
Open-channel flow can be easily found in nature and engineering projects, and the channels’ cross-sections are of various shapes. Research on the flow capacity of open channels with different cross-sections can help deepen our understanding of the dependence of open channels’ general characteristics [...] Read more.
Open-channel flow can be easily found in nature and engineering projects, and the channels’ cross-sections are of various shapes. Research on the flow capacity of open channels with different cross-sections can help deepen our understanding of the dependence of open channels’ general characteristics on cross-sectional shapes at a theoretical level. Furthermore, it has potential practical value in engineering projects. Through theoretical analysis, experimental research, and numerical calculation, two conclusions can be drawn in the present article: (1) A general expression for flow capacity was deduced based on viscous fluid theory, and a parameter describing the influence of cross-sectional shapes on flow capacity, CQ, was obtained. The advantage of our method is that the expression can be used to calculate the parameter directly, which varies with general and flow field characteristics. Another advantage is that the parameter can describe general and flow field characteristics in a uniform way. (2) The width-to-wetted perimeter ratio was selected to describe the cross-sectional shapes. The dependence of the parameter, CQ, on cross-sectional shapes can be summarized as follows: In laminar flow, the parameter depends on the width-to-wetted perimeter ratio only. In turbulent flow at a medium or low Reynolds number, the parameter varied with width-to-wetted perimeter ratio and Reynolds number. In turbulent flow at a high Reynolds number, the parameter was independent of the width-to-wetted perimeter ratio. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Hydraulic Model and Numerical Simulation in River Engineering)
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15 pages, 10203 KiB  
Article
Large-Eddy Simulation of Compound Channels with Staged Floodplains: Flow Interactions and Turbulent Structures
by Prateek Kumar Singh, Xiaonan Tang and Hamidreza Rahimi
Water 2023, 15(5), 983; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050983 - 3 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2208
Abstract
Numerous sources of overtopping and flood events suggest different cross-sectional land characteristics of the river and urban river water systems. Multiple stages of floodplains in compound channels are viable in urban areas to facilitate bank slope stability and a higher discharge capacity for [...] Read more.
Numerous sources of overtopping and flood events suggest different cross-sectional land characteristics of the river and urban river water systems. Multiple stages of floodplains in compound channels are viable in urban areas to facilitate bank slope stability and a higher discharge capacity for different flow rates. The complexity of the contiguous floodplains’ compound channel flows manifold with the interactive geometry and roughness of the surrounding floodplains. In the present study, a large-eddy simulation study is undertaken to investigate the turbulent structure of open channels with multiple-stage floodplains. The validation uses experimental data collected at individual contiguous multiple-stage floodplains for three depth ratios from shallow to deep flow regimes. The wall-modelled large eddy simulations were validated with the depth-averaged velocity, primary velocity and secondary currents. Furthermore, the impact of the multiple-stage floodplains on the instantaneous flow fields and large-scale vortical structures is predicted herein. It was found that vortical structures affect the distribution of the momentum exchange over multiple-stage floodplains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Hydraulic Model and Numerical Simulation in River Engineering)
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