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Modelling Hydrologic Response of Non-homogeneous Catchments II
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Modelling Hydrologic Response of Non-homogeneous Catchments II

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 10826

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mojca Šraj

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of General Hydrotechnics, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: rainfall interception; stemflow; throughfall; rainfall partitioning; evapotranspiration; forest hydrology; watershed hydrology; hydrological modeling; hydrological extreme analysis; floods; droughts; nonstationarity of hydrological extremes; climate change impact; water resources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrological modeling is an essential part of water resources management, planning, and design of water structures. Despite its importance, it is a challenging issue, especially in non-homogeneous catchments (e.g., in terms of geology, karst features, or any other watershed characteristic) with a complex hydrological behavior and response. Various methods of different complexity can be used for hydrological modeling, from relatively simple empirical and lumped models to physically based conceptual and distributed models as well as data-driven models. However, there should always be a balance between model complexity and data availability.

This Special Issue calls for research manuscripts focusing on hydrological modeling or other techniques addressing hydrological response of runoff to a given precipitation in non-homogeneous catchments, comparison of the efficiency of different model structures, data resolutions, scales, etc., with the aim of reducing the uncertainty of the results (low and/or high flows) and improving water resources management in non-homogeneous catchments. Contributions may address any type of non-homogeneity of the catchments.

Dr. Mojca Šraj
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrological modeling
  • hydrological analysis
  • non­homogeneous catchments
  • floods
  • low flows
  • uncertainty
  • model efficiency

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 4963 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Impact of Deforestation on Decadal Runoff Estimates in Non-Homogeneous Catchments of Peninsula Malaysia
by Jen Feng Khor, Steven Lim, Vania Lois Ling and Lloyd Ling
Water 2023, 15(6), 1162; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061162 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3164
Abstract
This study calibrated the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model to predict decadal runoff in Peninsula Malaysia and found a correlation between the reduction of forest area, urbanization, and an increase in runoff volume. The conventional SCS-CN runoff model was found to [...] Read more.
This study calibrated the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model to predict decadal runoff in Peninsula Malaysia and found a correlation between the reduction of forest area, urbanization, and an increase in runoff volume. The conventional SCS-CN runoff model was found to commit a type II error in this study and must be pre-justified with statistics and calibrated before being adopted for any runoff prediction. Between 1970 and 2000, deforestation in Peninsula Malaysia caused a decline in forested land by 25.5%, resulting in a substantial rise in excess runoff by 10.2%. The inter-decadal mean runoff differences were more pronounced in forested and rural catchments (lower CN classes) compared to urban areas. The study also found that the CN value is a sensitive parameter, and changing it by ±10% can significantly impact the average runoff estimate by 40%. Therefore, SCS practitioners are advised not to adjust the CN value for better runoff modeling results. Additionally, NASA’s Giovanni system was used to generate 20 years of monthly rainfall data from 2001–2020 for trend analysis and short-term rainfall forecasting. However, there was no significant uptrend in rainfall within the period studied, and occurrences of flood and landslide incidents were likely attributed to land-use changes in Peninsula Malaysia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling Hydrologic Response of Non-homogeneous Catchments II)
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28 pages, 12344 KiB  
Article
A Comprehensive Approach to Develop a Hydrological Model for the Simulation of All the Important Hydrological Components: The Case of the Three-River Headwater Region, China
by Rashid Mahmood and Shaofeng Jia
Water 2022, 14(18), 2778; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14182778 - 7 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3349
Abstract
The objective of the study was to configure the Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS) in such a way that it could simulate all-important hydrological components (e.g., streamflow, soil moisture, snowmelt water, terrestrial water storage, baseflow, surface flow, and evapotranspiration) in the Three-River Headwater Region. [...] Read more.
The objective of the study was to configure the Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS) in such a way that it could simulate all-important hydrological components (e.g., streamflow, soil moisture, snowmelt water, terrestrial water storage, baseflow, surface flow, and evapotranspiration) in the Three-River Headwater Region. However, the problem we faced was unsatisfactory simulations of these hydrological components, except streamflow. The main reason we found was the auto-calibration method of HEC-HMS because it generated irrational parameters, especially with the inclusion of Temperature Index Method and Soil Moisture Accounting (an advanced and complex loss method). Similar problems have been reported by different previous studies. To overcome these problems, we designed a comprehensive approach to estimate initial parameters and to calibrate the model manually in such a way that the model could simulate all the important hydrological components satisfactorily. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling Hydrologic Response of Non-homogeneous Catchments II)
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18 pages, 4982 KiB  
Article
Effects of Microtopography on Runoff Generation in Plain Farmland: New Insights from an Event-Based Rainfall–Runoff Model
by Hai Yang, Yuehua Jiang, Quanping Zhou, Hui Yang, Qingshan Ma, Chengcheng Zhang and Chuanhai Wang
Water 2022, 14(17), 2686; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14172686 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1709
Abstract
Plain farmland areas without significant topographic slope exhibit microtopographic features of different scales. Quantitative assessment of the effects of microtopography at different scales on runoff generation in typical farmland areas is of great significance for regional water resources management and flood disaster forecasting. [...] Read more.
Plain farmland areas without significant topographic slope exhibit microtopographic features of different scales. Quantitative assessment of the effects of microtopography at different scales on runoff generation in typical farmland areas is of great significance for regional water resources management and flood disaster forecasting. The main objective of the study was to develop an event-based rainfall–runoff model based on the layered Green–Ampt model (LGAM) with the consideration of plot-scale microtopographic features in plain farmland areas. Our experimental field, located in Taihu Lake Basin, was classified into three types of topographic subunits (i.e., main field, rill, and ditch) according to the average elevation. To simplify the concentration process for three topographic subunits, the average concentration time method was employed. Here, various experimental scenarios were simulated, including two classical unsteady rainfall events in homogeneous soil, one ponding infiltration experiment, and two typical rainfall–runoff events in the experimental field. We found that the multilayered setting showed higher accuracy than the homogeneous setting for simulating infiltration in the ponding infiltration experiment in the field. The RMSE of simulated ponding water depth reduced from 0.166 cm to 0.035 cm and NSE rose from 0.988 to 0.999. The simulated hydrograph considering microtopography effects proved higher accuracy than that under unified topography assumption. After classifying topography, the RMSE and NSE of simulated hydrographs decreased and increased, respectively. The lower the topographic subunit, the earlier the outflow occurred. At the early stage, the runoff mostly originated from the relatively low topographic subunits. Infiltration-excess regime under saturated condition may initially dominate in the low-lying ditch under intense rainfall, with extremely high runoff coefficient. Concentration process in the plain farmland area was affected by both rainfall intensity and microtopography. The greater the rainfall intensity, the shorter the average concentration time. The concentration velocity under heavy rainfall was four times faster than that under light rainfall. The lower topographic subunit was characterized by shorter concentration pathway and average concentration time. Ditches reduced the peak flow and advanced the time to peak. This quantitative study provides new insights into effects of microtopography on runoff generation in plain farmland area as well as an effective alternative for plot-scale rainfall–runoff modeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling Hydrologic Response of Non-homogeneous Catchments II)
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24 pages, 9403 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Three-Parameter Distributions in Controlled Catchments for a Stationary and Non-Stationary Data Series
by Łukasz Gruss, Mirosław Wiatkowski, Paweł Tomczyk, Jaroslav Pollert and Jaroslav Pollert, Sr.
Water 2022, 14(3), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030293 - 19 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
Flood Frequency Analysis (FFA) and the non-stationary FFA approaches are used in flood study, water resource planning, and the design of hydraulic structures. However, there is still a need to develop these methods and to find new procedures that can be used in [...] Read more.
Flood Frequency Analysis (FFA) and the non-stationary FFA approaches are used in flood study, water resource planning, and the design of hydraulic structures. However, there is still a need to develop these methods and to find new procedures that can be used in estimating simple distributions in controlled catchments. The aim of the study is a comparison of three-parameter distributions in controlled catchments for stationary and non-stationary data series and further to develop the procedure of the estimation the simple distributions. Ten rivers from the Czech Republic and Poland were selected because of their existing or planned reservoirs as well as for flood protection reasons. The annual maximum method and the three-parameter Weibull, Log-Normal, Generalized extreme value, and Pearson Type III distributions were used in this study. The analyzed time series are stationary and non-stationary. The methodology used in this study, which makes use of the Maximum Likelihood Estimation, allows one to simplify the analysis whenever there is a series of data that is both stationary and non-stationary. The novelty in our research is the standardization and development of a new procedure for a stationary and non-stationary data series, taking into account to read a specific value of the maximum flow with a given exceedance probability from the lower or upper tail. It determines the optimal choice of the theoretical distribution that can be used, for example in the design of weirs in rural areas (lower quantiles) or in the design of hydrotechnical structures in areas at risk of flooding (upper quantiles). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling Hydrologic Response of Non-homogeneous Catchments II)
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