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WEVJ
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Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles
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Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles

A special issue of World Electric Vehicle Journal (ISSN 2032-6653).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 17093

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jianfei Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Interests: high-power-density converters for EVs; multilevel converters; hybrid switched-capacitor converters; power module package and integration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Liyan Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
Interests: WBG converters; OBC; APM; integrated chargers; magnetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chen Duan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Engineering, Kettering University, Flint, MI, USA
Interests: vehicle electrification; power electronics; battery management systems
Dr. Haibo Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical & Information Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, China
Interests: automotive electronic control technology; signal processing and intelligent control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, high-performance-power electronic converters have been widely adopted in electric vehicles. To achieve small volume, high power density, high efficiency and light weight, improving or proposing power electronic converter topologies and control methods is the fundamental approach. Thus, many AC-DC, DC-DC and DC-AC converters have been proposed in the past 20 years. However, many technical issues still exist, such as high switching loss, narrow operation voltage range, large value, volume of passive components, and so on. There is still a great amount of room for performance improvement in power converter topologies and control methods for electric vehicle applications. Thus, this Special Issue intends to highlight the latest research and demonstrate emerging topics in power electronics conversion technologies for electric vehicles.

Prospective authors are invited to submit original contributions or survey papers, in which laboratory-scale hardware-based experimental results are provided to support any proposed ideas, for review and publication in this Special Issue on ‘Power Electronics for Electric Vehicle’. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Onboard chargers (OBCs), DC fast chargers (DFCs), wireless chargers and auxiliary power modules (APMs) with high power density, light weight and a wide voltage range;
  • Topology, modulation and control of high-power soft switching AC-DC, DC-DC and DC-AC converters for 400V or even 800V electric vehicle systems;
  • Integration designs of OBCs, APMs, and motor drives for emerging 800 V electric vehicle systems;
  • Power module package, design and implementation for electric vehicle applications;
  • DC-DC converters (resonant, hybrid switched capacitor, etc.) and fast dynamic responses for supplying auxiliary low-voltage loads of 12V, 5V, 3.3V, etc;
  • High-frequency magnetic component design and integration for power electronic converters.

All manuscripts must be submitted through Manuscript Central at https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/19700201173. Submissions must be clearly marked “Special Issue on Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles” on the cover page. When uploading your paper, please select the manuscript type as “Special Issue”. Manuscripts submitted for the Special Issue will be reviewed separately and will be handled by the Guest Editorial Board listed below.

Prof. Dr. Jianfei Chen
Dr. Liyan Zhu
Dr. Chen Duan
Dr. Haibo Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. World Electric Vehicle Journal is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 11286 KiB  
Article
Advancing Dual-Active-Bridge DC–DC Converters with a New Control Strategy Based on a Double Integral Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control
by Irfan Sami, Waleed Alhosaini, Danish Khan and Emad M. Ahmed
World Electr. Veh. J. 2024, 15(8), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15080348 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1375
Abstract
Dual-Active-Bridge (DAB) DC–DC converters are becoming increasingly favored for their efficiency in transferring electrical power across varying voltage levels. They are crucial in enhancing safety and reliability in various fields, such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and the power supplies of electronic [...] Read more.
Dual-Active-Bridge (DAB) DC–DC converters are becoming increasingly favored for their efficiency in transferring electrical power across varying voltage levels. They are crucial in enhancing safety and reliability in various fields, such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and the power supplies of electronic devices. This paper introduces a new control strategy for bidirectional isolated DAB DC–DC converters, implementing a Double Integral Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control (DI-STSMC) to accurately regulate the output voltage and current. The approach starts with a state-space representation to mathematically model the DAB converter. In light of model uncertainties and external disturbances, a robust DI-STSMC controller has been formulated to optimize the DAB converter’s output performance. This method achieves zero steady-state error without chattering and provides a quick response to fluctuations in load and reference changes. The validity of the proposed technique is demonstrated through simulation results and a control hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) experimental setup, using Typhoon HIL 606 and Imperix B-Box RCP 3.0 on a 230 W DAB converter. Furthermore, the paper offers a comparative analysis of the DI-STSMC with other control strategies, such as the proportional-integral (PI) controller, standard sliding mode control (SMC), and integral sliding mode control (ISMC). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles)
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14 pages, 6485 KiB  
Article
A Novel LQI Control Technique for Interleaved-Boost Converters
by Eiichi Sakasegawa, So Watanabe, Takayuki Shiraishi, Hitoshi Haga and Ralph M. Kennel
World Electr. Veh. J. 2024, 15(8), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15080343 - 30 Jul 2024
Viewed by 762
Abstract
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) utilize boost converters to gain a higher voltage than the battery. Interleaved boost converters are suitable for low input voltage, large input current, miniaturization, and high-efficiency applications. This paper proposes a novel linear [...] Read more.
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) utilize boost converters to gain a higher voltage than the battery. Interleaved boost converters are suitable for low input voltage, large input current, miniaturization, and high-efficiency applications. This paper proposes a novel linear quadratic integral (LQI) control for the interleaved boost converters. First, the small-signal model of the interleaved-boost converter is derived. In the proposed method, an output voltage and a current signal error between two-phase input currents are selected to control not only the output voltage but also a balance between two-phase input currents. Furthermore, steady-state characteristics in terms of the output voltage and the input current are demonstrated by experiments and simulations using an experimental apparatus with a rated power of 700 W. The validity of the proposed method’s tracking performance and load response is demonstrated by comparing it with that of the conventional PI control. The tracking performance of the LQI control for the 40 V step response has a ten times faster response than that of the PI control. Also, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method maintains a constant output voltage for a 300 W load step while the PI control varies by 10 V during 70 ms. Additionally, the proposed method has an excellent disturbance rejection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles)
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39 pages, 9920 KiB  
Article
Neural Sliding Mode Control of a Buck-Boost Converter Applied to a Regenerative Braking System for Electric Vehicles
by Jose A. Ruz-Hernandez, Ramon Garcia-Hernandez, Mario Antonio Ruz Canul, Juan F. Guerra, Jose-Luis Rullan-Lara and Jaime R. Vior-Franco
World Electr. Veh. J. 2024, 15(2), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15020048 - 2 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2554
Abstract
This paper presents the design and simulation of a neural sliding mode controller (NSMC) for a regenerative braking system in an electric vehicle (EV). The NSMC regulates the required current and voltage of the bidirectional DC-DC buck–boost converter, an element of the auxiliary [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design and simulation of a neural sliding mode controller (NSMC) for a regenerative braking system in an electric vehicle (EV). The NSMC regulates the required current and voltage of the bidirectional DC-DC buck–boost converter, an element of the auxiliary energy system (AES), to improve the state of charge (SOC) of the battery of the EV. The controller is based on a recurrent high-order neural network (RHONN) trained using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) as the tools to train the neural networks to obtain a higher SOC in the battery. The performance of the controller with the two training algorithms is compared with a proportional integral (PI) controller illustrating the differences and improvements obtained with the EKF and the UKF. Furthermore, robustness tests considering Gaussian noise and varying of parameters have demonstrated the outcome of the NSMC over a PI controller. The proposed controller is a new strategy with better results than the PI controller applied to the same buck–boost converter circuit, which can be used for the main energy system (MES) efficiency in an EV architecture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles)
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30 pages, 6212 KiB  
Article
A Novel Tri-Mode Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for Enhancing Regenerative Braking Efficiency and Speed Control in Electric Vehicles
by Noah Dias, Anant J. Naik and Vinayak N. Shet
World Electr. Veh. J. 2024, 15(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15010012 - 2 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6634
Abstract
A bidirectional dc–dc converter is used to match the voltage levels between a low-voltage battery and a high-voltage traction machine in an electric vehicle. Using a conventional bidirectional converter with a standard voltage range, there is a limitation to the fine variation in [...] Read more.
A bidirectional dc–dc converter is used to match the voltage levels between a low-voltage battery and a high-voltage traction machine in an electric vehicle. Using a conventional bidirectional converter with a standard voltage range, there is a limitation to the fine variation in the electric vehicle speed. During the regenerative braking process, when the speed decreases below a certain value, the generated voltage is insufficient to charge the battery, hence the regenerated energy cannot be stored. This paper proposes a novel bidirectional converter featuring three distinct operational modes: boost, buck and buck-boost. In the normal driving mode, it operates as a boost converter, providing double gain and accommodating a wide voltage range. During regenerative braking, the proposed converter switches to the buck or buck-boost mode based on the control algorithm. This adaptation is intended to either decrease the generated voltage to charge the battery effectively or to raise the voltage if it is insufficient for charging the battery. This configuration provides voltage stress of half the dc link voltage on the switches. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the proposed circuit, a detailed description of the control strategy with pulse generation logic for all switches and a mode transition algorithm. The simulation results of a circuit operating at a 1500 W power level are presented and compared with those of a standard bidirectional converter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles)
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17 pages, 7019 KiB  
Article
Direct Power Control of a Bipolar Output Active Rectifier for More Electric Aircraft Based on an Optimized Sector Division
by Yajun Zhao, Wenxin Huang and Feifei Bu
World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14040089 - 30 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1616
Abstract
This paper presents a novel direct power control (DPC) strategy based on an optimized sector division for a three-phase coupled inductor-based bipolar output active rectifier (TCIBAR) applied in more electric aircraft (MEA). First, based on the instantaneous power theory, the power model of [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel direct power control (DPC) strategy based on an optimized sector division for a three-phase coupled inductor-based bipolar output active rectifier (TCIBAR) applied in more electric aircraft (MEA). First, based on the instantaneous power theory, the power model of the TCIBAR is built in the synchronous rotating coordinate system. Second, to implement the hysteresis power control of TCIBAR without causing the runaway of the zero-sequence current in the three-phase coupled inductor (TCI), a set of new voltage vectors that have the same zero-sequence voltage (ZSV) component are synthesized and adopted in the proposed DPC strategy. Third, by quantitatively analyzing the effect of the new synthesized voltage vectors on the power variation of TCIBAR, an optimized sector division method is proposed to improve the accuracy of power control and reduce the phase current harmonics in TCIBAR. Finally, to maintain the voltage balance of the bipolar dc ports in TCIBAR, voltage balance control is studied in the proposed DPC strategy. The proposed DPC strategy is researched on an experimental platform of TCIBAR, and the results show that the proposed DPC strategy is feasible and has good static and dynamic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles)
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20 pages, 3673 KiB  
Article
Integrated DC/DC Converter Topology Study for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles with Two Energy Sources
by Weijin Xie, Wenguang Luo and Yongxin Qin
World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14010009 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2789
Abstract
Conventional hybrid vehicles with two energy sources require two separate on-board DC/DC converters to connect the battery and the fuel cell, which have the disadvantages of large size, high cost, high losses and few applicable operating conditions. To address this situation, this paper [...] Read more.
Conventional hybrid vehicles with two energy sources require two separate on-board DC/DC converters to connect the battery and the fuel cell, which have the disadvantages of large size, high cost, high losses and few applicable operating conditions. To address this situation, this paper proposes an optimized on-board integrated DC/DC converter with a non-isolated multi-port scheme that integrates a unidirectional port for the fuel cell and a bidirectional port for the battery and load. This can achieve a combined energy supply and recovery with a single integrated converter, effectively overcoming the above disadvantages. The optimized converter topology is relatively simple, and the magnetic losses of the transformer are removed. Furthermore, the switched capacitor is introduced as a voltage doubling unit to achieve high-gain output, so the fuel cell and battery voltage demand levels are reduced under the same load conditions. In addition, it has superior performance in system energy management for hybrid vehicles, which can distribute power and switch operating states by controlling the on/off of switching devices to make it suitable for five driving conditions. This paper discusses in detail the operating principles of the converter and analyzes its steady-state performance under five operating modes, derives its dynamic model, and proposes a proportional-integral control scheme. Finally, the simulation model of the topology is built by Matlab/Simulink software to verify the converter operation in each driving state, and the simulation experimental results verify the applicability of the proposed integrated DC/DC converter topology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles)
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