Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

The profound global economic and social crisis that the COVID-19 pandemic represented has created the need for a new, more thorough study of, it would seem, previously well-studied questions. Among them is the complex of problems related to the influence on the human psyche of a long stay in a different cultural and ethnic environment. How different were the psycho-emotional reactions to the pandemic from different cultures and ethnic groups? How different were the psycho-emotional reactions of indigenous people and immigrant workers from different countries? How much variation was there in the psycho-emotional state of people of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds compared to the pre-pandemic era? How quickly did they adapt to the new critical conditions? How did the psycho-emotional response to the pandemic by immigrants include differences in living standards and lifestyles with the native population and less access to healthcare and other public services? It would, of course, be wrong to limit the study to the differences in the behavior of the native population and immigrants. It is also extremely important to identify commonalities in their psycho-emotional reactions, as well as to search for the reasons for these similarities. The spread of the anti-vaccination movement in both developing and developed countries, for example, has become a problem that urgently needs to be explained scientifically. What made people not only of different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, but also of very different educational, economic, and social backgrounds, unite around this rather strange and absurd myth? The answer to this question will help to explain much in the behavior of modern humans. Paradoxically, the pandemic not only raised new questions for science but also opened new possibilities for it by placing people in very unusual conditions. It became, in a way, a grandiose worldwide socio-economic experiment. Such an opportunity to look at old, well-known problems in the condition and behavior of huge masses of people from a new perspective does not occur for every generation of scientists. How has the scientific community taken advantage of it? Finding an answer to this question is another reason why MDPI has begun to collect material for this Topic. 

Prof. Dr. Vsevolod Konstantinov
Dr. Andrés Alexis Ramírez Coronel
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Behavioral Sciences behavsci	2.5	2.6	2011	27 Days	CHF 2200
COVID covid	-	-	2021	17.7 Days	CHF 1000
European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education ejihpe	3.0	4.4	2011	28.4 Days	CHF 1400
Societies societies	1.7	3.1	2011	32.4 Days	CHF 1400
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ijerph	-	7.3	2004	24.3 Days	CHF 2500
Healthcare healthcare	2.4	3.5	2013	20.5 Days	CHF 2700

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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13 pages, 248 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Perceived Parents’ Stigma and Personal Stigma Toward COVID-19 Survivors: A Study Among Emerging Adults in India

by Shanu Shukla, Sushanta Kumar Mishra and Ranu Pandey

Societies 2024, 14(11), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14110233 - 11 Nov 2024

Viewed by 384

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced widespread stigma toward individuals who contracted the virus, impacting social interactions and perceptions within communities. This study aimed to understand personal and perceived parental stigma toward COVID-19 survivors among Indian college students, examining how this stigma varies based on [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced widespread stigma toward individuals who contracted the virus, impacting social interactions and perceptions within communities. This study aimed to understand personal and perceived parental stigma toward COVID-19 survivors among Indian college students, examining how this stigma varies based on the relationship closeness to the survivor (peer vs. best friend) and whether gender differences influence personal stigma levels. A sample of 650 Indian college students (mean age = 20.01 years, SD = 1.43; 501 males) participated in the study. We assessed both personal stigma and perceived parental stigma toward COVID-19 survivors, with additional comparisons made based on the survivor’s relationship to the student (peer vs. best friend) and participant gender. Findings indicated that personal and perceived parental stigma were significantly higher toward peers than toward best friends who had recovered from COVID-19. Additionally, among perceived parental stigmas, stigma attributed to mothers was highest, followed by that attributed to fathers, with participants’ personal stigma being lowest. Notably, no significant gender differences were found in personal stigma among participants. The results highlight nuanced perceptions of stigma toward COVID-19 survivors, with stigma levels varying by relational closeness and perceived parental attitudes, particularly mothers. These findings underscore the importance of targeting stigma reduction efforts, considering family influence and relational factors. Policymakers and mental health professionals could develop age-specific interventions to mitigate stigma toward COVID-19 survivors, potentially enhancing social support systems within college communities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

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15 pages, 1280 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Understanding Fatigue, Insomnia, and COVID-19 PTSS Among Mainland Chinese During Initial Post-Zero-COVID Infection Wave: A Multi-Group Analysis

by Shuo Wang, Yuanyuan Xu, Simon Theodor Jülich, Linman Weng, Qiao Jin, Yuxian Wei and Xu Lei

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14111033 - 4 Nov 2024

Viewed by 506

Abstract

In early 2023, China experienced its first widespread COVID-19 outbreak after a policy shift. This study examines the relationship between fatigue and COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in infected and uninfected individuals, exploring the potential mediating role of insomnia symptoms. An online survey [...] Read more.

In early 2023, China experienced its first widespread COVID-19 outbreak after a policy shift. This study examines the relationship between fatigue and COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in infected and uninfected individuals, exploring the potential mediating role of insomnia symptoms. An online survey of 5953 Chinese participants was conducted from 10 to 16 January 2023. Participants reported their COVID-19 infection status, fatigue, insomnia symptoms, and PTSS. Multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test whether the mediation paths differed between infected and uninfected groups. The prevalence of fatigue, insomnia symptoms, and COVID-19 PTSS were 30.0%, 36.4%, and 5.8%. The SEM based on the bootstrapping showed that after controlling for demographics, chronic fatigue positively associated with COVID-19 PTSS in a significant way, with insomnia symptoms playing a mediating role. The multi-group analyses further revealed a partial mediation effect of insomnia symptoms on the relationship between fatigue and COVID-19 PTSS in the uninfected group (UG). However, for the infected group (IG), insomnia symptoms fully mediated the relationship between fatigue and COVID-19 PTSS. Infected individuals were more subject to the aforementioned mechanism than uninfected individuals. Addressing chronic fatigue, insomnia, and developing targeted interventions are crucial for supporting mental health across different infection statuses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

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14 pages, 293 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Psychological Factors Associated with General Quality of Life in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study on a Multicultural Sample of Romanian Medical Students

by Alexandra Ioana Mihăilescu, Ovidiu Popa-Velea, Adela Magdalena Ciobanu, Liliana Veronica Diaconescu, Alexandra Graur, Ioana Ioniţă and Mara Carsote

Healthcare 2024, 12(13), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131243 - 21 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1258

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the general quality of life (GQOL) of a large number of individuals, including those in the academic environment. This study investigated GQOL in a sample of 613 Romanian medicine students (81.57% were female; mean age [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the general quality of life (GQOL) of a large number of individuals, including those in the academic environment. This study investigated GQOL in a sample of 613 Romanian medicine students (81.57% were female; mean age = 21.40 ± 1.749 years) in relation to their Big Five personality characteristics, Perceived Stress and Fear of COVID-19. The study was conducted between June 2020 and March 2022. These variables were investigated with the Big Five Inventory-2: Extra-Short Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Statistical analysis included hierarchical linear regression and t-tests. The results indicated a significant direct relationship between GQOL and the personality traits of Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Agreeableness. However, a significant inverse relationship was observed between GQOL and Perceived Stress and Neuroticism. Fear of COVID-19 was significantly higher in women, while no other socio-demographic variables were associated with GQOL. A total of 61.7% of the studied population returned to their original residency during the pandemic years. These results could be important for better understanding the vulnerability to significant epidemiological events in academic populations and for planning adequate preventive or interventional measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

16 pages, 746 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Understanding the Risk of Social Vulnerability for the Chinese Diaspora during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Model Driving Risk Perception and Threat Appraisal of Risk Communication—A Qualitative Study

by Doris Yuet Lan Leung, Hilary Hwu, Shoilee Khan, Aaida Mamuji, Jack Rozdilsky, Terri Chu and Charlotte Lee

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(4), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040512 - 21 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1669

Abstract

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, immigrants were among the most socially vulnerable in Western countries. The Chinese diaspora in Canada were one such group due to the widespread cultural stigma surrounding their purported greater susceptibility to transmit and become infected [...] Read more.

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, immigrants were among the most socially vulnerable in Western countries. The Chinese diaspora in Canada were one such group due to the widespread cultural stigma surrounding their purported greater susceptibility to transmit and become infected by COVID-19. This paper aims to understand the social vulnerability of the Chinese diaspora in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, during the first wave of COVID-19 from an explanation of their risk perception and threat appraisal of risk communication. We conducted secondary data analysis of 36 interviews using critical realism. The participants self-identified as being of Chinese descent. The results were used to develop a model of how social vulnerability occurred. In brief, cognitive dissonance was discovered to generate conflicts of one’s cultural identity, shaped by social structures of (i) stigma of contagion, (ii) ethnic stigma, and (iii) public sentiment, and mediated by participants’ threat appraisal and (iv) self-reliance. We assert that risk communicators need to consider their audiences’ diverse socialization in crafting messages to modify behaviors, create a sense of responsibility, and mitigate public health threats. A lack of awareness of one’s cognitive dissonance driven by cultural vulnerability may heighten their social vulnerability and prevent them from taking action to protect themself from high-risk events. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

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12 pages, 2184 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Perceived Interpersonal Distances: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Young Taiwanese and Young Southeast Asians during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Yi-Lang Chen, Yu-Chi Lee and Andi Rahman

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14010020 - 27 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1694

Abstract

Prior research on interpersonal distance (IPD) has predominantly concentrated on specific nationalities or population groups within their respective regions. There is a dearth of studies investigating IPD differences among individuals of distinct nationalities coexisting in the same geographical location. This study aimed to [...] Read more.

Prior research on interpersonal distance (IPD) has predominantly concentrated on specific nationalities or population groups within their respective regions. There is a dearth of studies investigating IPD differences among individuals of distinct nationalities coexisting in the same geographical location. This study aimed to examine the variances in IPD between 100 young Taiwanese participants (comprising 50 males and 50 females) and 100 Southeast Asian individuals (including 50 males and 50 females). This study also considered factors affecting IPD, including target genders and mask-wearing conditions. The results of the four-way ANOVA indicate that target gender and mask-wearing conditions had a significant impact on IPD (p < 0.001). While there were no significant main effects for region and participant gender, there was a noteworthy interactive effect between these two variables on IPD. In general, Southeast Asian participants exhibited lower sensitivity to changes in IPD in response to the independent variables in comparison to their Taiwanese counterparts; in certain instances, their IPD did not notably increase when confronted with targets not wearing masks. While prior research typically indicated that women tend to maintain larger IPD than men, the current study observed this gender difference only among young Taiwanese participants. However, such a gender gap was absent among young individuals from Southeast Asia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

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11 pages, 344 KiB  

Open AccessReview

Positive Mental Health of Migrants in the UK during COVID-19: A Review

by Yasuhiro Kotera, Habib Adam, Ann Kirkman, Muhammad Aledeh, Michelle Brooks-Ucheaga, Olamide Todowede, Stefan Rennick-Egglestone and Jessica Eve Jackson

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(22), 7046; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20227046 - 10 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2022

Abstract

COVID-19 impacted the mental health of many people in the UK. The negative impact was especially substantial among vulnerable population groups, including migrants. While research has focused on the negative aspects of mental health during the pandemic, the positive mental health of migrants [...] Read more.

COVID-19 impacted the mental health of many people in the UK. The negative impact was especially substantial among vulnerable population groups, including migrants. While research has focused on the negative aspects of mental health during the pandemic, the positive mental health of migrants in the UK during COVID-19 remained to be evaluated. This review aimed to identify literature that focused on positive mental health, and thematically synthesise the findings to understand what positive mental health approaches were employed to support specific outcomes during the pandemic for them to survive in this difficult time. Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched using terms including “mental health”, “migrants”, and “COVID-19”. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to assess the quality of the included studies. There were only two studies examining the positive mental health of UK migrants during this period. They describe approaches such as religious beliefs, passion for and acknowledgement of their job, learning new things, being physically active, social media, and social activities, producing outcomes such as inner peace, confidence, well-being, and a sense of belonging. The quality of the included studies was high. More research about positive mental health in migrants in the UK during the pandemic is needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

13 pages, 330 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge, Perception, and Attitudes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Peruvian Population

by Jonathan Adrián Zegarra-Valdivia, Brenda Nadia Chino Vilca, Rita Judith Ames Guerrero and Carmen Paredes-Manrique

Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13100807 - 28 Sep 2023

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1375

Abstract

Background: Latin American countries have been profoundly affected by COVID-19. Due to the alarming incidence of identified cases, we intended to explore which psychosocial elements may influence poor adherence to the mandatory control measures among the population. Objective: We aimed to assess Peruvians’ [...] Read more.

Background: Latin American countries have been profoundly affected by COVID-19. Due to the alarming incidence of identified cases, we intended to explore which psychosocial elements may influence poor adherence to the mandatory control measures among the population. Objective: We aimed to assess Peruvians’ knowledge, attitudes, and vulnerability perception during the coronavirus outbreak. Method: We collected data from 225 self-selected participants using a web-based cross-sectional survey. Results: The overall respondents were between 18 and 29 years old (56.8%), female (59.5%), belonged to educated groups, and graduated professionals (69.3%), most of them. Logistic regression showed that Knowledge is highly associated with education (p = 0.031), occupation (p = 0.002), and age (p = 0.016). Our study identified that, although people reported adequate Knowledge by identifying expected symptoms and virus transmission ways in COVID-19 disease. There is a significant perceived susceptibility to contracting the mentioned virus, displaying stigmatized behavior (59.1%) and fear of contracting the virus from others (70.2%). Additionally, it is reported to lack people’s confidence in national health authorities regarding sanitary responses (62.7%), preparedness for the disease (76.9%), and the lack of adequate measures to deal with it (51.1%). Conclusion: We found that age, education, and occupation modulate Knowledge. At the same time, only age affected Perception and Attitude. Public policies should consider specific guidelines on knowledge translation and risk communication strategies for both containing psychological responses promptly and ensuring compliance with general control measures by the population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

68 pages, 56138 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Correlation between Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions and COVID-19 Data in the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic Period

by Ling-Hsing Chang and Sheng Wu

Healthcare 2023, 11(16), 2258; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162258 - 10 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2891

Abstract

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has become the deadliest virus to affect the international community in recent history, with more than 760 million people infected and more than 6.87 million deaths as of March 2023; therefore, based on Hofstede’s national cultural theory, this study [...] Read more.

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has become the deadliest virus to affect the international community in recent history, with more than 760 million people infected and more than 6.87 million deaths as of March 2023; therefore, based on Hofstede’s national cultural theory, this study collected Hofstede’s six national cultural dimensions on a global scale, namely, power distance (PDI), individualism/collectivism (IDV), masculinity/femininity (MAS), uncertainty avoidance (UAI), long-term/short-term orientation (LTO), and indulgence/restraint (IVR) scores, and COVID-19 data from the World Health Organization (WHO) from 22 February 2020 to 30 February 2021. Then, based on eight items of global COVID-19 data, this study analyzed the correlation between Hofstede’s six dimensions and the COVID-19 data from six regions (Africa (AFRO), Europe (EURO), the Americas (AMRO), the Western Pacific (WPRO), South East Asia (SEARO), and the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO)) divided by the WHO. This study found the following: (1) Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions indeed have a significant correlation with the COVID-19 data of different WHO regions in different ways. (2) Except for IDV and UAI, PDI is a highly critical factor and has a significant correlation with the COVID-19 data from AFRO and EMRO. MAS also is an important factor and has a significant correlation with COVID-19 data from WPRO and SEARO. Meanwhile, LTO has a significant correlation with some COVID-19 data from the AMRO region, and IVR has a significant correlation with some COVID-19 data from the EURO region. Finally, the new insights from this study are worthy of further study by scholars, and they will be of great help to global governments and medical institutions in formulating policies to suppress infectious diseases in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

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21 pages, 757 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Adjustment to Chinese Culture and Mental Health Issues among Foreign Students on Chinese University Campuses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Collaborative Ethnographic Study

by Jian Li, Eryong Xue and Yunshu He

Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 526; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070526 - 22 Jun 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3278

Abstract

Foreign students in China may have difficulty adjusting to Chinese culture and may experience mental health problems related to acculturation, interpersonal issues, and social communication within the context of campus life. Therefore, this study attempts to apply a collaborative ethnography approach to explore [...] Read more.

Foreign students in China may have difficulty adjusting to Chinese culture and may experience mental health problems related to acculturation, interpersonal issues, and social communication within the context of campus life. Therefore, this study attempts to apply a collaborative ethnography approach to explore the adjustment to Chinese culture and mental health issues among foreign students on Chinese campuses during the COVID-19 pandemic. We spent 16 months exploring the feelings and perceptions of 82 foreign international undergraduate students at six Chinese higher education institutions regarding their adjustment to Chinese culture and gathered their suggestions about how to address the mental health issues experienced by foreign learners in China. The results show that international students tend to have a limited understanding of Chinese culture and rely on very few channels for information—in particular, the Internet, teachers’ lectures, and daily life—which can easily result in mental health problems and thoughts of marginalization. In addition, the results showed that international students’ mental health problems are subjectively positively correlated with their own personality, cultural intelligence, and cultural identification ability and objectively related to their cultural distance and all aspects of the educational work of international students. It is suggested that Chinese higher education institutions should strengthen their attention to the mental health of international students in China and promote international students’ cross-cultural adaptation abilities and understanding of Chinese culture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

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14 pages, 290 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Uncovering Resilience Disparities among Religious Groups in Israel’s Mass COVID-19 Vaccination Drive: Lessons Learned to the Post-COVID Era

by Miri Sarid, Maya Kalman-Halevi, Rony Tutian, Sharon Gilat-Yihyie and Adi Sarid

Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13050398 - 10 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1878

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to examine the emotional resilience, satisfaction with life, social support, and anxiety during the vaccination process of the Israeli population after the end of the third lockdown, according to religiosity degree. We hypothesized that a higher [...] Read more.

The aim of the current study was to examine the emotional resilience, satisfaction with life, social support, and anxiety during the vaccination process of the Israeli population after the end of the third lockdown, according to religiosity degree. We hypothesized that a higher degree of religiosity (ultra-Orthodox and religious participants) would be associated with higher levels of resilience and with lower levels of anxiety than in secular individuals. In addition, it was hypothesized that satisfaction with life, social support, anxiety, and religiosity will predict resilience and anxiety. Nine hundred and ninety-three native Jewish Hebrew-speaking respondents representing ultra-Orthodox, religious, observant, and secular Jews participated in this study. Ultra-Orthodox participants showed higher resilience and satisfaction with life than other groups, and lower levels of anxiety. Satisfaction with life and social support predicted higher resilience. It is suggested that religious faith as well as satisfaction with life may provide a source of strength and resilience in stressful life events. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

15 pages, 360 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Emergent Social Capital during the Coronavirus Pandemic in the United States in Hispanics/Latinos

by Jennifer Contreras, Alexandra Fincannon, Tasneem Khambaty and Ester Villalonga-Olives

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(8), 5465; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085465 - 11 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2227

Abstract

The coronavirus pandemic has drastically impacted many groups that have been socially and economically marginalized such as Hispanics/Latinos in the United States (U.S.). Our aim was to understand how bonding social capital, bridging social capital, and trust played a role in Hispanics/Latinos over [...] Read more.

The coronavirus pandemic has drastically impacted many groups that have been socially and economically marginalized such as Hispanics/Latinos in the United States (U.S.). Our aim was to understand how bonding social capital, bridging social capital, and trust played a role in Hispanics/Latinos over the course of the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as explore the negative consequences of social capital. We performed focus group discussions via Zoom (n = 25) between January and December 2021 with Hispanics/Latinos from Baltimore, MD, Washington, DC, and New York City, NY. Our findings suggest that Hispanics/Latinos experienced bridging and bonding social capital. Of particular interest was how social capital permeated the Hispanic/Latino community’s socioeconomic challenges during the pandemic. The focus groups revealed the importance of trust and its role in vaccine hesitancy. Additionally, the focus groups discussed the dark side of social capital including caregiving burden and spread of misinformation. We also identified the emergent theme of racism. Future public health interventions should invest in social capital, especially for groups that have been historically marginalized or made vulnerable, and consider the promotion of bonding and bridging social capital and trust. When prospective disasters occur, public health interventions should support vulnerable populations that are overwhelmed with caregiving burden and are susceptible to misinformation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

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