The Application and Interpretation of IgG Avidity and IgA ELISA Tests to Characterize Zika Virus Infections
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Studied Samples
2.2. Serological Diagnostic
2.3. Molecular Diagnostics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | ID/Sample Number | Country of Infection | DPSO | PRNT (ZIKV) | ZIKV RT-PCR | ZIKV IgM Ratio (ELISA) | ZIKV IgG Ratio (ELISA) | ZIKV RAI (Last Dilution) | IgA Ratio (ELISA) | DENV IgM * | DENV IgG * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | P1/S1 | Venezuela | 32 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | ND | Neg | |
I | P1/S2 | 58 | ND | ND | Pos (2.0) | Pos (3.9) | L (35.9) | Equiv (1.0) | ND | Pos | |
I | P2/S1 | Honduras | 7 | ND | Pos (s) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | |
I | P2/S2 | 21 | Pos | ND | Pos (2.5) | Pos (3.9) | L (33.4) | Neg | ND | Pos | |
I | P3/S1 | Dominican Republic | 3 | Pos | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | |
I | P3/S2 | 12 | Pos | Neg (s) | Pos (3.5) | Pos (1.3) | L (18.2) | Pos (2.6) | Neg | Neg | |
I | P4/S1 | Sexual transmission | 0 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | ND | Pos | |
I | P4/S2 | 12 | ND | Neg (s) | Pos (1.4) | Pos (2.9) | L (15.6) | Pos (5.3) | ND | Pos | |
I | P5/S1 | Brazil | 0 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | Pos | |
I | P5/S2 | 32 | ND | ND | Pos (1.7) | Pos (2.8) | L (38.6) | Neg | ND | Pos | |
I | P6/S1 | Unk | 4 | ND | Pos (b,u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg * | Pos * | |
I | P6/S2 | 26 | ND | ND | Pos (1.2) | Pos (3.2) | L (38.8) | Neg | Neg * | Pos * | |
I | P7/S1 | Brazil | 4 | ND | Pos (b) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg * | Pos * | |
I | P7/S2 | 7 | ND | ND | Neg | Pos (6.9) | Equiv (53.6) | Pos (4.2) | Neg * | Pos * | |
I | P8/S1 | Honduras | 4 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Pos (3.3) | Equiv (40.6) | Neg | Neg | Pos |
I | P9/S1 | Honduras | 3 | Pos | Pos (u) | Neg | Pos (6.4) | Inc (72.6) | Pos (2.7) | ND | Pos |
I | P10/S1 | Venezuela | 11 | Pos | Pos (u) | Neg | Pos (4.6) | Equiv (41.3) | Pos (2) | Neg | Pos |
I | P11/S1 | Mexico | 1 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | ND | Neg | |
I | P12/S1 | Colombia | 7 | Pos | Pos (u) | Pos (6.4) | Pos (2.7) | L (24.3) | Pos (2.9) | Neg | Neg |
I | P13/S1 | Colombia | 3 | ND | Pos (u) | Pos (2.4) | Pos (2.2) | Equiv (54.6) | Pos (1.2) | ND | Pos |
I | P14/S1 | Martinica | 7 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg * | Pos * | |
I | P14/S2 | 21 | ND | ND | Pos | Equiv (1.0) | Inc (71.3) | Neg | Neg * | Pos * | |
I | P15/S1 | Brazil | 12 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Pos (6.2) | Inc (73.7) | Pos (4.6) | Neg * | Pos * |
I | P16/S1 | Brazil | 20 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Pos (5.9) | Inc (64.6) | Pos (1.7) | Neg * | Pos * |
I | P17/S1 | Brazil | 3 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg * | Neg * | |
I | P18/S1 | Brazil | 5 | ND | Pos (b,u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg * | Neg * | |
I | P19/S1 | Unk | 19 | ND | Pos (u) | Pos (1.4) | Neg | Pos (1.2) | Neg * | Neg * | |
I | P20/S1 | Brazil | 3 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg * | Pos * | |
I | P21/S1 | Bolivia | 6 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Pos (5.1) | Equiv (51.0) | Pos (4.7) | Neg | Pos |
I | P21/S2 | 27 | Pos | ND | Neg | Pos (5.7) | Equiv (57.8) | Pos (1.2) | Neg | Pos | |
I | P22/S1 | Dominican Republic | 7 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Pos (7.1) | Equiv (53.9) | Pos (2.6) | Neg | Pos |
I | P22/S2 | 36 | ND | ND | Neg | Pos (6.2) | H (80.4) | Neg | ND | Pos | |
I | P23/S1 | unk | 9 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg * | Neg * | |
I | P24/S1 | unk | 10 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg * | Pos * | |
I | P25/S1 | Colombia | <20 | ND | Pos (s) | Neg | Pos (2.8) | Equiv (59) | Pos (1.2) | Pos | Pos |
I | P26/S1 | Venezuela | 4 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Pos (5.0) | Equiv (43.5) | Pos (3.4) | Pos | Pos |
I | P27/S1 | Brazil | 3 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg * | Neg * | |
I | P27/S2 | Brazil | 9 | ND | ND | Pos (4.6) | Neg | Pos (2.6) | Pos * | Neg * | |
I | P27/S3 | 261 | ND | ND | Neg | Pos (1.4) | H (72.8) | Neg | Neg * | Pos * | |
I | P28/S1 | Brazil | 5 | ND | Pos (u) | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg * | Neg * | |
I | P28/S2 | 21 | ND | ND | Pos (3.5) | Pos (1.7) | L (29.4) | Pos (4.4) | Pos * | Pos * | |
I | P29/S1 | Colombia | 6 | ND | Pos (u) | Pos (2.6) | Equiv (1.0) | Equiv (54.8) | Pos (4.8) | Neg * | Pos * |
I | P29/S2 | 24 | ND | ND | Pos (2.0) | Pos (1.5) | L (33.4) | Pos (4.3) | Pos * | Pos * |
Group | ID/Sample Number | Country of Infection | DPSO | PRNT (ZIKV) | ZIKV RT-PCR | ZIKV IgM Ratio (ELISA) | ZIKV IgG Ratio (ELISA) | ZIKV RAI (Last Dilution) | IgA Ratio (ELISA) | DENV IgM * | DENV IgG * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
II | P30/S1 | Dominican Republic | 4 | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | |
II | P30/S2 | 32 | ND | ND | Neg | Pos (2.9) | L (30.4) | Neg | Neg | Neg | |
II | P31/S1 | Brazil | ≤7 | ND | ND | Equiv (1.1) | Neg | Pos (1.2) | Neg | Pos | |
II | P31/S2 | ≤18 | Pos | ND | Pos (4.6) | Pos (3.1) | L (16.1) | Pos (5.1) | ND | Pos | |
II | P32/S1 | Venezuela | 2 | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | Pos | |
II | P32/S2 | 19 | Pos | ND | Pos (1.3) | Pos (6.1) | H (65.8) | Pos (5.0) | Neg | Pos | |
II | P33/S1 | Unk | 9 | ND | Neg (b) | Pos (2.57) | Neg | Pos (4.1) | Neg * | Neg * | |
II | P33/S2 | 30 | ND | ND | Equiv (1.0) | Pos (2.9) | L (32.4) | Neg | Neg * | Neg * | |
II | P34/S1 | Venezuela | 49 | Pos | ND | Neg | Pos (2.9) | L (30.2) | Neg | Pos | Pos |
II | P34/S2 | 76 | Pos | ND | Neg | Pos (3.6) | Equiv (44.9) | Neg | Neg | Pos | |
II | P35/S1 | Colombia | unk | Pos | Neg (s) | Pos (7.4) | Pos (3.7) | L (23.4) | Pos (4.1) | Pos | Pos |
II | P36/S1 | Brazil | 10 | ND | Neg (b,u) | Pos (2.5) | Pos (1.4) | L (31.6) | Pos (5.2) | Pos | Pos |
II | P37/S1 | Brazil | 13 | ND | Neg (b) | Pos (4.2) | Neg | Pos (1.3) | Neg * | Pos * | |
II | P38/S1 | Brazil | 13 | ND | Neg (b) | Pos (2.8) | Pos (1.9) | L (18.2) | Pos (5.1) | Neg * | Pos * |
II | P38/S2 | 15 | ND | ND | Pos (1.6) | Pos (3.0) | L (29.4) | Pos (2.47) | Neg * | Pos * | |
II | P39/S1 | Dominican Republic | 17 | ND | Neg (s) | Pos (2.4) | Pos (3.8) | L (38.1) | Pos (4.55) | ND | Pos * |
II | P39/S2 | 45 | Pos | Neg | Pos (2.5) | Pos (2.8) | Equiv (45.5) | Equiv (0.97) | ND | Pos | |
II | P40/S1 | Dominican Republic | unk | ND | ND | Equiv (1.0) | Pos (6.4) | Inc (72.5) | Pos (1.96) | ND | Pos |
II | P40/S2 | 67¨ | ND | Neg (s) | Neg | Pos (6.1) | H (68.6) | Neg | ND | Pos |
Group | ID/Sample Number | DPSO | Country of Infection | PRNT (ZIKV) | ZIKV RT-PCR | ZIKV IgM Ratio (ELISA) | ZIKV IgG Ratio (ELISA) | ZIKV RAI (Last Dilution) (ELISA) | IgA Ratio (ELISA) | DENV IgM (ELISA) | DENV IgG (ELISA) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
III | P41/S1 | Unk | Unk | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | Pos | Neg | |
III | P42/S1 | Unk | Unk | ND | ND | Neg | Pos (1.5) | Equiv (45.2) | Neg | Pos | Pos |
III | P43/S1 | Unk | Cambodia | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | Pos | Pos | |
III | P44/S1 | Unk | Cruise with a stop at Madeira Island | ND | ND | Neg | Pos (2.9) | L (27.4) | Neg | Pos | Pos |
III | P45/S1 | Unk | Americas | ND | ND | Neg | Pos (1.3) | L (10.4) | Neg | Pos | Pos |
III | P46/S1 | Unk | Unk | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | Pos | Pos | |
III | P47/S1 | Unk | Dominican Republic | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | Pos | Pos | |
III | P48/S1 | Unk | Unk | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | Pos | Pos | |
III | P49/S1 | 8 | Unk | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | ND | Pos | |
III | P49/S2 | 13 | Unk | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | Pos | Pos | |
IV | P50/S1 | Unk | Cambodia | ND | ND | Neg | Equiv (0.9) | Neg | Neg | Pos | |
IV | P51/S1 | Unk | Unk | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | Pos | |
IV | P52/S1 | Unk | Unk | ND | ND | Neg | Pos (1.5) | L (39.4) | Neg | Neg | Pos |
IV | P53/S1 | Unk | Unk | ND | ND | Neg | Pos (1.2) | Equiv (41.8) | Neg | Neg | Pos |
IV | P54/S1 | Unk | Venezuela | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | Pos | |
IV | P55/S1 | Unk | Unk | ND | ND | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | Pos | |
IV | P56/S1 | Unk | Unk | ND | ND | Neg | Pos (1.4) | Equiv (41.2) | Equiv (0.96) | Neg | Pos |
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Amaro, F.; Sánchez-Seco, M.P.; Vázquez, A.; Alves, M.J.; Zé-Zé, L.; Luz, M.T.; Minguito, T.; De La Fuente, J.; De Ory, F. The Application and Interpretation of IgG Avidity and IgA ELISA Tests to Characterize Zika Virus Infections. Viruses 2019, 11, 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020179
Amaro F, Sánchez-Seco MP, Vázquez A, Alves MJ, Zé-Zé L, Luz MT, Minguito T, De La Fuente J, De Ory F. The Application and Interpretation of IgG Avidity and IgA ELISA Tests to Characterize Zika Virus Infections. Viruses. 2019; 11(2):179. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020179
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmaro, Fátima, María P. Sánchez-Seco, Ana Vázquez, Maria J. Alves, Líbia Zé-Zé, Maria T. Luz, Teodora Minguito, Jesús De La Fuente, and Fernando De Ory. 2019. "The Application and Interpretation of IgG Avidity and IgA ELISA Tests to Characterize Zika Virus Infections" Viruses 11, no. 2: 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020179
APA StyleAmaro, F., Sánchez-Seco, M. P., Vázquez, A., Alves, M. J., Zé-Zé, L., Luz, M. T., Minguito, T., De La Fuente, J., & De Ory, F. (2019). The Application and Interpretation of IgG Avidity and IgA ELISA Tests to Characterize Zika Virus Infections. Viruses, 11(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020179