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Correction to Toxins 2023, 15(2), 153.
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Correction: Penagos-Tabares et al. Mixtures of Mycotoxins, Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Whole-Plant Corn Silages and Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Farms in Central and Northern Mexico. Toxins 2023, 15, 153

by
Felipe Penagos-Tabares
1,2,3,*,
Michael Sulyok
4,
Juan-Ignacio Artavia
5,
Samanta-Irais Flores-Quiroz
6,
César Garzón-Pérez
6,
Ezequías Castillo-Lopez
2,7,
Luis Zavala
5,
Juan-David Orozco
5,
Johannes Faas
5,
Rudolf Krska
4,8 and
Qendrim Zebeli
2,7
1
Unit of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
2
Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
3
FFoQSI GmbH—Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
4
Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
5
DSM-BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
6
Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Cuautitlán, Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
7
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
8
Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxins 2024, 16(2), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020062
Submission received: 2 January 2024 / Accepted: 3 January 2024 / Published: 23 January 2024

Error in Table

In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Table 3 as published. A section of Table 3 (Fusarium-Metabolites) was unintentionally deleted during the edition process. The corrected Table 3 appears below.
The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. The original publication has also been updated.

Reference

  1. Penagos-Tabares, F.; Sulyok, M.; Artavia, J.-I.; Flores-Quiroz, S.-I.; Garzón-Pérez, C.; Castillo-Lopez, E.; Zavala, L.; Orozco, J.-D.; Faas, J.; Krska, R.; et al. Mixtures of Mycotoxins, Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Whole-Plant Corn Silages and Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Farms in Central and Northern Mexico. Toxins 2023, 15, 153. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Table 3. Occurrences and concentrations of mycotoxins and other fungal metabolites detected in whole-plant corn silages and total mixed rations of Mexican dairy farms.
Table 3. Occurrences and concentrations of mycotoxins and other fungal metabolites detected in whole-plant corn silages and total mixed rations of Mexican dairy farms.
Group of
Metabolites
MetabolitePositive
Samples 1
(%)
Whole-Plant Corn Silages
(n = 19)
Positive
Samples 1
(%)
Total Mixed Rations
(n = 19)
Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Test
Concentration (µg/kg DM) 2Concentration (µg/kg DM) 2p-Value *
Average ± SDMedianRangeAverage ± SDMedianRange
Ergot
alkaloids
Festuclavine +52.410>0.9999
Dihydroergosine +261.35 ± 1.171.290.13–3.2210.83 ± 0.970.440.18–2.280.0625
Chanoclavine +52.04512.5>0.9999
Alternaria spp.Altenuisol +322.5 ± 02.52.5–2.5373.14 ± 1.72.52.5–6.990.7656
Alternariol +55.5119.77 ± 6.049.775.5–140.75
Alternariolmethylether +479.89 ± 7.595.55.5–27.4426.39 ± 2.515.55.5–12.60.25
Altersetin +266.76 ± 4.55.161.25–12.74215.7 ± 9.8612.34.18–34.30.0488
Infectopyron2197 ± 649423.9–1761634.2 ± 3.3836.130.3–36.20.1875
Macrosporin +163.75 ± 03.753.75–3.75113.75 ± 03.753.75–3.75>0.9999
Tentoxin +427.71 ± 4.866.383.1–16796.91 ± 2.876.412.48–11.30.0932
Tenuazonic acid +3240.2 ± 10.437.530.1–60.45349.4 ± 16.841.830.3–82.80.064
Aspergillus spp.Averufin +423.6 ± 1.9 3.03.0–8.4 262.95 ± 02.952.95–2.950.125
Deoxygerfelin0112.41 ± 1.332.411.47–3.350.5
Flavoglaucin +112.8 ± 0.972.82.11–3.4910040.7 ± 29.641.63.63–111<0.0001
Fumigaclavine C +547.20>0.9999
Fumiquinazolin D +01111.8 ± 5.3411.88.01–15.60.5
Kojic acid +11877 ± 130877785–6951450.5
Kotanin A112.5 ± 02.52.5–2.552.50>0.9999
Methylsulochrin54.5114.5 ± 04.54.5–4.5>0.9999
Phenopyrrozin8456.1 ± 28.153.116.2–1327912.4 ± 5.1410.77.16–24.1<0.0001
seco-Sterigmatocystin +162.72 ± 1.83.580.65–3.91420.9 ± 0.460.650.65–1.71>0.9999
Sterigmatocystin +0 112.65 ± 02.652.65–2.650.5
Versicolorin C166.05 ± 3.983.753.75–10.600.25
Fusarium spp.15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol +11142 ± 46.7142109–17500.5
15-Hydroxyculmorin +322090 ± 15101580464–4410261270 ± 1951280993–15100.1563
Acuminatum B +32151 ± 89.614258.3–2902652.2 ± 21.855.827.6–83.20.1094
Antibiotic Y59.559.5>0.9999
Apicidin +167.14 ± 2.327.234.78–9.4159.040.5
Aurofusarin +68168 ± 38648.83–14208483.4 ± 67.367.111.4–2240.2247
Beauvericin +10057.8 ± 74.732.35.46–33010033.1 ± 24.329.13.84–84.20.2266
Beauvericin A +890.96 ± 1.550.450.45–6.87840.55 ± 0.270.450.45–1.420.0204
Bikaverin +95224 ± 25399.415.3–879100115 ± 95.694.718.1–3080.0204
Chrysogin +058.03>0.9999
Culmorin +58865 ± 695634150–209058505 ± 427402150–14200.0234
Deoxyfusapyron1122 ± 122213.5–30.516591 ± 60352126.2–12300.375
Deoxynivalenol +531500 ± 10801370323–335084615 ± 49137678–16700.1928
DON-3-glucoside +2674 ± 95.519.519.5–2403760.3 ± 23.56519.5–86.60.3984
Enniatin A +111.02 ± 1.151.020.2–1.83370.45 ± 0.370.20.2–1.190.3438
Enniatin A1 +110.4 ± 00.40.4–0.4791.03 ± 0.820.40.4–2.60.0002
Enniatin B +0684.63 ± 5.621.41.4–18.80.0002
Enniatin B1 +111.45 ± 01.451.45–1.45893.99 ± 3.781.451.45–12.2<0.0001
Enniatin B2 +0160.29 ± 0.050.290.24–0.340.25
Epiequisetin +163.37 ± 1.63.781.6–4.7251.60.375
Equisetin +326.3 ± 6.273.051.6–14.7425.19 ± 2.464.172.36–9.580.6836
Fumonisin A1 precursor +1663.2 ± 40.561.223.7–1055814.3 ± 14.19.163.55–48.90.3096
Fumonisin A2 +1143 ± 3.914340.2–45.85180.5
Fumonisin B1 +47723 ± 105012426.5–270084218 ± 24412626.5–10100.2288
Fumonisin B2 +42301 ± 37172.618–98768103 ± 10061.518–3950.7722
Fumonisin B3 +16276 ± 145297121–4093257.1 ± 41.84026.5–131>0.9999
Fumonisin B4 +1678.3 ± 70.56118–1563226.1 ± 201818–66.90.5625
Fusarium spp.Fungerin0526.5>0.9999
Fusaproliferin +37403 ± 62816661.5–182058280 ± 25222660.8–9890.3054
Fusapyron +51.555.46–5.46>0.9999
Fusaric acid +891210 ± 8401130260–322074562 ± 235503298–1190<0.0001
Hydrolysed Fumonisin B1 +1637 ± 49.1107.29–93.7530.4 0.75
Moniliformin +8988.9 ± 76.9489–263100101 ± 6778.827.6–2470.1956
Nivalenol +42269 ± 184209103–61468872 ± 85338588.5–26000.0061
Sambutoxin +370.37 ± 0.190.30.3–0.7950.30.0625
Siccanol +894620 ± 35303960525–12,350952510 ± 16502370409–61300.0028
W49379171 ± 19080.73.55–6947486.6 ± 65.41013.55–1900.0256
Zearalenone +6858.7 ± 79.421.54.6–27810038.7 ± 57.217.84.6–2460.9297
Total enniatins475.96 ± 7.241.600.60–198911.2 ± 9.87.111.85–370.0144
Total fumonisins471150 ± 157020326.5–441089325 ± 3961553.6–16700.3867
Total Type B trichothecenes532000 ± 12301790323–4230891940 ± 1760115678.0–55100.0505
Penicillium spp.7-Hydroxypestalotin5317.3 ± 9.9914.97.3–41.9479.74 ± 4.879.742.6–16.70.0186
Asterric acid512.5512.5N/A
Bilaid A10020.3 ± 22.911.45.78–87.6958.53 ± 7.046.773.49–27.3<0.0001
Citreoviridin +02142.9 ± 12.241.331.1–580.125
Citrinin +0577.9>0.9999
Cycloaspeptide A0513.4>0.9999
Cyclopenin52.850>0.9999
Mycophenolic acid +1190.2 ± 11890.27–1734232 ± 42.911.47–1270.1094
Mycophenolic acid IV +52.530>0.9999
NP 1243534.10>0.9999
Oxaline1668.9 ± 61.281.22.55–1231620.1 ± 14.912.910–37.20.5
Pestalotin5329.2 ± 13.528.78.61–59.25812.4 ± 6.9311.23.3–24.50.0282
PF 1163A53.3250.75>0.9999
Questiomycin51.5898.71 ± 7.728.60.6–23<0.0001
Questiomycin Derivate95184 ± 11116434.9–40795118 ± 64.210618.1–2380.0002
Quinolactacin A111.2 ± 01.21.2–1.2211.2 ± 01.21.2–1.20.5
Other fungiAscochlorin2111.9 ± 10.28.433.75–26.9216.24 ± 4.993.753.75–13.70.625
Ascofuranone212.26 ± 1.821.351.35–4.9851.350.3125
Bassianolide373.17 ± 1.252.72.7–6322.7 ± 02.72.7–2.70.5
Beauveriolide I_III261.5 ± 01.51.5–1.5164.22 ± 3.013.711.5–7.450.6563
Cercosporin5840.8 ± 25.636.513.2–87.97972.2 ± 79.742.515.1–3250.0479
Cytochalasin J011136 ± 26.5136117–1550.5
Destruxin B +0211.25 ± 0.681.10.7–2.090.125
Ilicicolin A56.23371.83 ± 0.611.61.6–3.210.2813
Ilicicolin B7918.9 ± 20.74.454.45–69.48914.1 ± 9.96134.45–28.90.6848
Ilicicolin E51.7111.7 ± 01.71.7–1.7>0.9999
Monocerin89115 ± 23737.42.1–9907485.9 ± 13337.22.1–5020.0024
Mycousnine0110.75 ± 00.750.75–0.750.5
Myriocin +1667.9 ± 52.148.128.6–1273244.6 ± 26.241.115.7–92.60.5625
Phomalone56.140>0.9999
Sporidesmolide II847.9 ± 13.22.920.75–44.7744.4 ± 5.072.540.75–17.20.0643
Sporidesmolide III50.750.750.750>0.9999
Unspecific
metabolites
3-Nitropropionic acid2163 ± 60.94318.5–1472118.5 ± 018.518.5–18.50.5
Asperglaucide55.9910027.3 ± 33.610.82.05–142<0.0001
Asperphenamate54.89795.98 ± 7.373.351.93–31.4<0.0001
Brevianamid F89171 ± 77.816661–40889116 ± 40.611249.2–2280.0021
Chrysophanol47226 ± 11123162.5–36732176 ± 65.120562.5–2260.0195
Citreorosein5324.1 ± 12.419.114.7–54.43719.1 ± 6.6715.812.5–30.10.123
Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)1004680 ± 23004570926–89701002180 ± 11101890589–53600.0006
Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val)10014,760 ± 382013,4506890–22001007080 ± 230067902160–11,570<0.0001
Emodin959.62 ± 5.319.223.5–23.19546.9 ± 1028.493.5–4220.2312
Fellutanine A95128 ± 51.812748.8–2608994.3 ± 38.786.734.8–1990.0053
Iso-Rhodoptilometrin581.58 ± 0.591.41.4–3.35531.4 ± 01.41.4–1.40.5
N-Benzoyl-Phenylalanine02112.2 ± 2.4712.19.56–150.125
Neoechinulin A0100133 ± 78.410229.6–304<0.0001
Norlichexanthone51.9471.9 ± 01.91.90.0078
Rugulusovine100355 ± 153373137–681100204 ± 93.819753.5–407<0.0001
Skyrin682.06 ± 1.071.850.55–3.96894.42 ± 6.132.480.55–270.0097
Ternatin56.320>0.9999
Tryptophol42258 ± 126170170–45632963 ± 817642170–21000.5508
PhytoestrogensBiochanin51477936.3 ± 1334.520.2–61.60.0081
Coumestrol2656 ± 10488–24189157 ± 12610945.5–4790.0011
Daidzein37263 ± 3518989–102010012,700 ± 671010,7103820–27,620<0.0001
Daidzin68428 ± 71919191–273010063,690 ± 40,17065,6409350–125,770<0.0001
Genistein58153 ± 2724747–94710011,760 ± 617011,1903990–26,530<0.0001
Genistin631000 ± 1850362110–6700100118,150 ± 75,850113,270157,180–249,320<0.0001
Glycitein5324894790 ± 184044502220–8220<0.0001
Glycitin11364 ± 292364158–57010013,340 ± 792012,0701080–27,390<0.0001
Ononin546100176 ± 28153.346–512<0.0001
Other plant
metabolites
Abscisic acid421610 ± 2860574273–86701001660 ± 6361620411–32700.0012
Anisodamine16514 ± 373470164–90716137.2 ± 10114134.5–2360.375
Atropine16318 ± 85360219–3741169.1 ± 22.469.153.3–84.90.25
Hyoscine16427 ± 39147315–79411215.7 ± 93.1216150–2820.375
BacterialNonactin161 ± 011–1261.3 ± 1.20.80.6–3.30.3906
1 Samples with values > limit of detection (LOD). 2 Excluding data < LOD. In case values > LOD and < limit of quantification (LOQ), LOQ/2 was used for calculation. * Significant differences between each set of matched pairs presented p-value < 0.05. SD = Standard deviation; DM = Dry matter; + = metabolites classified as mycotoxins.
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MDPI and ACS Style

Penagos-Tabares, F.; Sulyok, M.; Artavia, J.-I.; Flores-Quiroz, S.-I.; Garzón-Pérez, C.; Castillo-Lopez, E.; Zavala, L.; Orozco, J.-D.; Faas, J.; Krska, R.; et al. Correction: Penagos-Tabares et al. Mixtures of Mycotoxins, Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Whole-Plant Corn Silages and Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Farms in Central and Northern Mexico. Toxins 2023, 15, 153. Toxins 2024, 16, 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020062

AMA Style

Penagos-Tabares F, Sulyok M, Artavia J-I, Flores-Quiroz S-I, Garzón-Pérez C, Castillo-Lopez E, Zavala L, Orozco J-D, Faas J, Krska R, et al. Correction: Penagos-Tabares et al. Mixtures of Mycotoxins, Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Whole-Plant Corn Silages and Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Farms in Central and Northern Mexico. Toxins 2023, 15, 153. Toxins. 2024; 16(2):62. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020062

Chicago/Turabian Style

Penagos-Tabares, Felipe, Michael Sulyok, Juan-Ignacio Artavia, Samanta-Irais Flores-Quiroz, César Garzón-Pérez, Ezequías Castillo-Lopez, Luis Zavala, Juan-David Orozco, Johannes Faas, Rudolf Krska, and et al. 2024. "Correction: Penagos-Tabares et al. Mixtures of Mycotoxins, Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Whole-Plant Corn Silages and Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Farms in Central and Northern Mexico. Toxins 2023, 15, 153" Toxins 16, no. 2: 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020062

APA Style

Penagos-Tabares, F., Sulyok, M., Artavia, J. -I., Flores-Quiroz, S. -I., Garzón-Pérez, C., Castillo-Lopez, E., Zavala, L., Orozco, J. -D., Faas, J., Krska, R., & Zebeli, Q. (2024). Correction: Penagos-Tabares et al. Mixtures of Mycotoxins, Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Whole-Plant Corn Silages and Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Farms in Central and Northern Mexico. Toxins 2023, 15, 153. Toxins, 16(2), 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020062

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