New Geochemical and Mineralogical Data on Rocks and Ores of the NE Flank of the Oktyabr’skoe Deposit (Norilsk Area) and a View on Their Origin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geology of the Norilsk District and the Oktyabr’skoe Deposit
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Petrographic Characteristics of the Rocks
4.2. Whole Rock Compositions
4.2.1. The Distribution of Major Components
4.2.2. The Distribution of Trace Elements
4.3. Sulfide Ore
4.3.1. Mineral Composition
4.3.2. Chemical Composition of Ore
5. Discussion
5.1. Intrusive Rocks
5.2. Massive Ore
5.3. Suggestions on Genetic Model
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The intrusive body of the northern flank of the Oktyabr’skoe deposit has a distinctly differentiated structure and is composed of a large volume of high-Mg rocks (picritic gabbro-dolerites and troctolites) having 15 wt.% MgO on average. They are combined with the overlaying leucogabbro. The occurrence of a large taxitic gabbro-dolerites (32 m) horizon is also a distinctive feature of this intrusive sequence.
- (2)
- Sulfide disseminated ores are confined to taxite gabbro-dolerites and are practically not found in high-Mg host rocks. The massive ores forming the C-5 orebody have a thickness of 27 m, and their Cu/Ni ratio is about 1, and Pd/Pt varies from 5 to 6.
- (3)
- The C-5 body composition is similar to that of the C-3 orebody, and differs from that of the C-4 located nearby. It is assumed that deposits C-3 and C-5 are genetically linked and originate from a single intrusive body, which is different from that hosting the C-4 orebody.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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- | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. Sample | 1766.5 | 1767.6 | 1769.8 | 1770.7 | 1773.5 | 1776.2 | 1777.8 | 1780.7 | 1788.9 | 1792.5 | 1798.6 | 1802.6 | 1806.1 | 1812.2 | 1815.2 | n.a. | 1817.3 | 1822.4 | 1823.7 | 1843.1 | 1884.4 | 1885.3 |
SiO2 | 55.07 | 45.28 | 37.87 | 47.42 | 43.15 | 46.02 | 44.05 | 37.77 | 39.35 | 40.56 | 40.85 | 41.25 | 38.99 | 45.35 | 40.82 | n.a. | 45.87 | 43.89 | 43.28 | 46.83 | 44.38 | 42.01 |
TiO2 | 1.03 | 0.62 | 0.44 | 0.63 | 0.38 | 0.52 | 1.06 | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.63 | 0.99 | 0.84 | n.a. | 1.1 | 0.96 | 0.52 | 1.1 | 0.69 | 0.5 |
Al2O3 | 22.27 | 16.58 | 18.96 | 16.68 | 24.04 | 21.42 | 13.26 | 5.78 | 5.41 | 7.56 | 10.9 | 8.56 | 9.12 | 16.18 | 13.51 | n.a. | 15.56 | 15.91 | 11.29 | 15.17 | 18.55 | 18.77 |
Fe2O3 | 7.7 | 16.51 | 13.97 | 9.82 | 7.53 | 8.13 | 18.15 | 14.96 | 15.56 | 14.08 | 12.86 | 17.89 | 17.1 | 13.3 | 15.36 | n.a. | 12.73 | 15.06 | 16.78 | 12.97 | 12.2 | 10.24 |
MnO | 0.025 | 0.182 | 0.078 | 0.136 | 0.066 | 0.123 | 0.321 | 0.204 | 0.222 | 0.192 | 0.186 | 0.26 | 0.254 | 0.207 | 0.209 | n.a. | 0.216 | 0.197 | 0.253 | 0.192 | 0.165 | 0.31 |
MgO | 2.65 | 6.74 | 6.59 | 6.96 | 4.45 | 7.05 | 7.72 | 26.25 | 27.74 | 25.06 | 23.35 | 24.21 | 20.29 | 8.1 | 10.22 | n.a. | 10.17 | 7.81 | 16.45 | 8.91 | 7.66 | 7.79 |
CaO | 0.79 | 5.38 | 8.23 | 11.4 | 10.18 | 11.95 | 7.77 | 3.26 | 3.2 | 5.64 | 5.74 | 4.65 | 8.29 | 10.08 | 9.49 | n.a. | 10.52 | 9.74 | 8.19 | 10.23 | 10.25 | 11.26 |
Na2O | 2.73 | 2.7 | 2.78 | 2.36 | 2.24 | 1.76 | 2.27 | 0.53 | 0.42 | 1.13 | 1.34 | 1.04 | 1.58 | 2 | 1.57 | n.a. | 2.18 | 2.12 | 1.45 | 2.16 | 2.19 | 2.42 |
K2O | 2.78 | 1.16 | 0.83 | 0.49 | 1.94 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.32 | 0.58 | 0.41 | n.a. | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.24 | 0.66 | 0.49 | 1.17 |
P2O5 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.06 | n.a. | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
LOI | 4.48 | 4.12 | 7.45 | 3.55 | 5.68 | 2.24 | 3.65 | 9.67 | 7.02 | 4.76 | 2.85 | 0.3 | 2.53 | 1.17 | 4.03 | n.a. | 0.87 | 0.48 | 1.04 | 1.49 | 1.31 | 4.44 |
Li | 138 | 98 | 110 | 36.4 | 739 | 30.2 | n.a. | 15.8 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 12.7 | 16.0 | 20.2 | 19.1 | 20.8 | 21.1 | 13.1 | 23.3 | 21.0 | 90.7 |
Rb | 52.7 | 59.6 | 40.6 | 19.9 | 1635 | 22.6 | n.a. | 5.5 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 15.4 | 15.2 | 17.3 | 13.5 | 14.4 | 7.58 | 27.4 | 13.2 | 31.1 |
Sr | 124 | 168 | 204 | 181 | 1758 | 260 | n.a. | 72 | 81 | 96 | 126 | 89 | 144 | 230 | 188 | 176 | 224 | 209 | 159 | 199 | 245 | 322 |
Y | 37.3 | 21.7 | 10.4 | 13.4 | 64.2 | 19.5 | n.a. | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 10.5 | 17.8 | 14.4 | 12.7 | 16.7 | 19.3 | 9.9 | 18.8 | 14.1 | 8.3 |
Ba | 105 | 67.5 | 67.3 | 42.5 | 1585 | 78.1 | n.a. | 40.0 | 61.0 | 51.5 | 59.0 | 55.3 | 86.5 | 159 | 101 | 75.4 | 110 | 106 | 98.2 | 108 | 104 | 162 |
La | 35.6 | 11.1 | 5.17 | 6.20 | 14.9 | 5.39 | n.a. | 2.72 | 2.92 | 3.05 | 2.79 | 2.73 | 3.58 | 5.75 | 4.68 | 3.97 | 5.34 | 6.54 | 3.20 | 6.39 | 4.77 | 3.82 |
Ce | 75.5 | 25.2 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 32.3 | 10.9 | n.a. | 5.83 | 6.68 | 6.23 | 6.50 | 6.47 | 8.10 | 13.42 | 10.91 | 9.06 | 11.86 | 15.15 | 7.08 | 14.59 | 11.05 | 6.66 |
Pr | 9.48 | 3.27 | 0.97 | 1.55 | 4.37 | 1.81 | n.a. | 0.80 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.90 | 1.10 | 1.89 | 1.52 | 1.24 | 1.72 | 2.08 | 1.04 | 2.01 | 1.54 | 0.97 |
Nd | 40.1 | 14.5 | 4.39 | 7.43 | 19.8 | 6.52 | n.a. | 3.68 | 4.30 | 4.11 | 4.36 | 4.35 | 5.14 | 8.96 | 7.21 | 5.75 | 8.27 | 9.85 | 4.94 | 9.56 | 7.31 | 4.69 |
Sm | 8.61 | 2.37 | 1.21 | 2.00 | 5.87 | 2.15 | n.a. | 1.02 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.23 | 1.16 | 1.49 | 2.55 | 2.08 | 1.63 | 2.38 | 2.77 | 1.41 | 2.77 | 2.01 | 1.34 |
Eu | 2.33 | 0.74 | 0.44 | 0.79 | 5.23 | 1.09 | n.a. | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.56 | 0.94 | 0.81 | 0.69 | 0.88 | 0.96 | 0.60 | 0.96 | 0.83 | 0.66 |
Gd | 8.60 | 3.66 | 1.29 | 2.07 | 6.89 | 2.30 | n.a. | 1.31 | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.32 | 1.31 | 1.60 | 2.80 | 2.25 | 1.84 | 2.61 | 3.05 | 1.56 | 3.00 | 2.25 | 1.37 |
Tb | 1.36 | 0.69 | 0.27 | 0.40 | 1.58 | 0.41 | n.a. | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.56 | 0.45 | 0.37 | 0.53 | 0.61 | 0.31 | 0.61 | 0.44 | 0.27 |
Dy | 7.23 | 4.04 | 1.74 | 2.50 | 10.87 | 2.72 | n.a. | 1.47 | 1.57 | 1.63 | 1.68 | 1.65 | 2.04 | 3.47 | 2.88 | 2.40 | 3.22 | 3.75 | 1.99 | 3.79 | 2.77 | 1.61 |
Ho | 1.47 | 0.88 | 0.37 | 0.55 | 2.62 | 0.64 | n.a. | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.74 | 0.62 | 0.53 | 0.71 | 0.81 | 0.43 | 0.80 | 0.59 | 0.34 |
Er | 4.20 | 2.42 | 1.14 | 1.58 | 7.67 | 2.06 | n.a. | 0.92 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.27 | 2.17 | 1.75 | 1.49 | 2.02 | 2.34 | 1.23 | 2.22 | 1.71 | 1.00 |
Tm | 0.59 | 0.35 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 1.26 | 0.30 | n.a. | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.18 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.14 |
Yb | 3.87 | 2.21 | 1.10 | 1.54 | 8.21 | 2.05 | n.a. | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.25 | 2.00 | 1.63 | 1.43 | 1.91 | 2.19 | 1.21 | 2.14 | 1.63 | 0.94 |
Lu | 0.60 | 0.34 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 1.27 | 0.30 | n.a. | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.14 |
Pb | 6.77 | 1.64 | 8.12 | 1.98 | 5.84 | 14.7 | n.a. | 3.16 | 6.15 | 1.40 | 3.75 | 3.26 | 11.02 | 70.7 | 22.8 | 8.07 | 5.24 | 8.08 | 32.9 | 1.78 | 7.25 | 73.2 |
Th | 9.38 | 2.47 | 0.65 | 1.78 | 3.32 | 0.50 | n.a. | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.37 | 0.73 | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.27 | 0.70 | 0.55 | 0.29 |
U | 3.73 | 1.53 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 10.7 | 0.35 | n.a. | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.33 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.47 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.23 |
Ti | 6032 | 3237 | 2547 | 3816 | 28462 | 2921 | n.a. | 2223 | 2159 | 2354 | 2523 | 1918 | 2535 | 6125 | 4009 | 4518 | 5175 | 6048 | 2383 | 5815 | 3747 | 2653 |
V | 134 | 153 | 109 | 187 | 1180 | 120 | n.a. | 102 | 104 | 118 | 122 | 101 | 138 | 264 | 221 | 222 | 238 | 210 | 183 | 245 | 186 | 110 |
Cr | 120 | 137 | 112 | 464 | 836 | 235 | n.a. | 487 | 464 | 610 | 352 | 242 | 311 | 200 | 264 | 265 | 203 | 129 | 195 | 175 | 168 | 86 |
Co | 14 | 34 | 115 | 33 | 337 | 50 | n.a. | 149 | 130 | 120 | 127 | 147 | 111 | 83 | 109 | 152 | 77 | 148 | 129 | 56 | 96 | 89 |
Ni | 59 | 233 | 2741 | 395 | 7677 | 491 | n.a. | 1861 | 1284 | 1163 | 1786 | 1575 | 1166 | 1379 | 2432 | 3088 | 557 | 3200 | 902 | 312 | 1253 | 558 |
Cu | 25 | 115 | 3041 | 509 | 879 | 513 | n.a. | 2454 | 447 | 272 | 2130 | 1426 | 1317 | 3836 | 7200 | 7376 | 1064 | 7356 | 1293 | 495 | 3574 | 1931 |
Zr | 180 | 80 | 51 | 67 | 147 | 53 | n.a. | 43 | 53 | 56 | 66 | 60 | 56 | 58 | 58 | 48 | 56 | 84 | 57 | 74 | 71 | 59 |
Nb | 14.1 | 5.20 | 2.99 | 5.29 | 36.7 | 3.00 | n.a. | 1.95 | 2.30 | 2.75 | 2.62 | 2.39 | 2.51 | 4.67 | 2.73 | 2.76 | 3.53 | 5.48 | 2.12 | 2.45 | 2.96 | 2.64 |
Hf | 4.40 | 2.20 | 1.28 | 1.51 | 1.45 | 1.41 | n.a. | 1.10 | 1.61 | 1.20 | 1.53 | 1.64 | 1.76 | 1.69 | 1.63 | 1.73 | 1.82 | 1.43 | 1.65 | 1.42 | 1.76 | 1.67 |
Ta | 0.91 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.29 | 2.74 | 0.18 | n.a. | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.15 |
N | N Sample | Cu | Ni | Co | Fe | S | Zn | Pb | Cd | Pt | Pd | Rh | Ru | Ir | Au | Ag | As | Te | Se | Cu/Ni | Pd/Pt |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | RG-2/1858.2 | 5.14 | 4.97 | 0.174 | 54.2 | 28.5 | 251 | 130 | 2.74 | 2.6 | 11.16 | 0.04 | 0.28 | <0.1 | 0.1 | 5.31 | 25.4 | 0.96 | 35.8 | 1.0 | 4.3 |
2 | RG-2/1859.3 | 7.31 | 3.94 | 0.134 | 55.7 | 21.7 | 236 | 154 | 3.02 | 2.72 | 11.69 | 0.09 | 1.53 | <0.1 | 0.21 | 6.70 | 15.9 | 1.04 | 19.4 | 1.9 | 4.3 |
3 | RG-2/1864.3 | 4.13 | 4.82 | 0.167 | 55.9 | 24.1 | 86.6 | 123 | 1.18 | 2.44 | 16.97 | 0.5 | 0.20 | 0.44 | 0.32 | 17.7 | 25.3 | 1.17 | 19.2 | 0.9 | 7.0 |
4 | RG-2/1867.7 | 8.12 | 4.89 | 0.155 | 46.6 | 29.5 | 130 | 159 | 2.8 | 2.75 | 14.26 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 17.3 | 26.9 | 1.40 | 32.3 | 1.7 | 5.2 |
5 | RG-2/1869.9 | 6.96 | 5.01 | 0.172 | 47.0 | 27.3 | 110 | 142 | 2.46 | 3.26 | 14.41 | 0.83 | 0.54 | <0.1 | 0.5 | 16.2 | 30.0 | 1.47 | 41.5 | 1.4 | 4.4 |
6 | RG-2/1872.6 | 9.62 | 4.97 | 0.173 | 43.5 | 25.4 | 183 | 164 | 3 | 2.32 | 14.87 | 0.49 | 0.11 | <0.1 | 0.043 | 8.21 | 29.2 | 0.77 | 15.8 | 1.9 | 6.4 |
7 | RG-2/1874.3 | 14.4 | 2.48 | 0.251 | 45.6 | 25.2 | 348 | 239 | 5.76 | 3.12 | 17.15 | 0.17 | 0.18 | <0.1 | 0.54 | 11.1 | 4.93 | 16.7 | 103 | 5.8 | 2.6 |
8 | RG-2/1878.5 | 4.65 | 5.06 | 0.176 | 50.1 | 28.4 | 81.8 | 114 | 1.08 | 2.63 | 11.72 | 0.36 | 0.35 | <0.1 | 0.12 | 13.5 | 25.0 | 0.34 | 28.4 | 0.9 | 4.5 |
9 | RG-2/1879.9 | 8.52 | 4.86 | 0.174 | 48.4 | 26.9 | 172 | 160 | 2.07 | 2.96 | 14.72 | 0.086 | 0.38 | <0.1 | 0.11 | 14.1 | 25.3 | 0.40 | 31.7 | 1.8 | 5.0 |
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Krivolutskaya, N.; Bychkova, Y.; Gongalsky, B.; Kubrakova, I.; Tyutyunnik, O.; Dekunova, E.; Taskaev, V. New Geochemical and Mineralogical Data on Rocks and Ores of the NE Flank of the Oktyabr’skoe Deposit (Norilsk Area) and a View on Their Origin. Minerals 2021, 11, 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11010044
Krivolutskaya N, Bychkova Y, Gongalsky B, Kubrakova I, Tyutyunnik O, Dekunova E, Taskaev V. New Geochemical and Mineralogical Data on Rocks and Ores of the NE Flank of the Oktyabr’skoe Deposit (Norilsk Area) and a View on Their Origin. Minerals. 2021; 11(1):44. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11010044
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrivolutskaya, Nadezhda, Yana Bychkova, Bronislav Gongalsky, Irina Kubrakova, Oksana Tyutyunnik, Elena Dekunova, and Vladimir Taskaev. 2021. "New Geochemical and Mineralogical Data on Rocks and Ores of the NE Flank of the Oktyabr’skoe Deposit (Norilsk Area) and a View on Their Origin" Minerals 11, no. 1: 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11010044
APA StyleKrivolutskaya, N., Bychkova, Y., Gongalsky, B., Kubrakova, I., Tyutyunnik, O., Dekunova, E., & Taskaev, V. (2021). New Geochemical and Mineralogical Data on Rocks and Ores of the NE Flank of the Oktyabr’skoe Deposit (Norilsk Area) and a View on Their Origin. Minerals, 11(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11010044