Social Sciences

11 pages, 293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leisure Styles in Adults: Changes Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Marcos Gonçalves Maciel, Aurora Madariaga Ortuzar, José Clerton de Oliveira Martins, Luz Anegla Árdila Gutierrez, Elena Bendikova, Karina Lopes Assis, Renato Francisco Reis, Dessalegn Wase Mola and Ricardo Ricci Uvinha

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120702 - 23 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1018

Abstract

This study explored changes in leisure styles among adults during the periods before (2019), during (2020–2022), and after (2023) the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and exploratory design was employed using a non-probabilistic sample of 300 participants aged 18–60 years (mean age = [...] Read more.

This study explored changes in leisure styles among adults during the periods before (2019), during (2020–2022), and after (2023) the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and exploratory design was employed using a non-probabilistic sample of 300 participants aged 18–60 years (mean age = 31.7 ± 10.8). Data were collected via an online survey using the Leisure Practices Scale, which measures engagement in artistic, manual, physical activity, intellectual, social, touristic, virtual, and contemplative practices. The results showed a significant increase in intellectual activities between the pre- and during-pandemic periods (p = 0.05), with the level of engagement remaining high in the post-pandemic period. Similarly, virtual activities demonstrated a significant increase in engagement between the pre- and during-pandemic periods (p = 0.00), returning to pre-pandemic levels afterward. Artistic (p = 0.91), manual (p = 0.60), and contemplative (p = 0.52) activities showed no significant changes, remaining stable across the analyzed periods. Significant reductions were observed in physical (p = 0.00), social (p = 0.05), and touristic (p = 0.04) activities during the pandemic, with the latter two returning to pre-pandemic levels afterward. These findings underscore the pandemic’s differentiated impact on leisure practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leisure, Labour, and Active Living: A Holistic Approach)

12 pages, 256 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Authoritarian States and Global Sport: The Contested Cases of Qatar, the UAE and Saudi Arabia

by Jonathan Grix and Paul Michael Brannagan

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120701 - 23 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1033

Abstract

Sport and authoritarianism have long been bedfellows, especially during the Cold War era. ‘Traditional’ authoritarian regimes—most notably the Soviet Union and its satellite states—learnt the art of instrumentalizing sport for political ends from each other. Motives for this included garnering international prestige via [...] Read more.

Sport and authoritarianism have long been bedfellows, especially during the Cold War era. ‘Traditional’ authoritarian regimes—most notably the Soviet Union and its satellite states—learnt the art of instrumentalizing sport for political ends from each other. Motives for this included garnering international prestige via excellence in elite sport and showcasing communism as a viable alternative to capitalism. This paper shows how the ‘new’ authoritarian states are now beginning to impact global elite sport through similar sports investment strategies in an array of sports teams, sports sponsorship and sports leagues. Whereas ‘traditional’ authoritarian states sought sporting excellence on the playing field and the recognition this brought with it, the ‘new’ authoritarian states seek to buy into the cultural power and prestige of global elite sport for economic gain, to improve the health of their citizens and for global recognition. We draw on recent examples from Qatar, the UAE and Saudi Arabia to understand why and how ‘new’ authoritarian states pursue sport policies and why this is contested. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Contested Terrain of Sport: Sociological, Political and Policy Perspectives)

21 pages, 318 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Child-Centered Anti-Trafficking Approaches in Mediterranean Migration Routes: Italy and Turkey

by Ezgi Yaman Kennedy

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120700 - 23 Dec 2024

Viewed by 3140

Abstract

Introduction: Child trafficking is a clear violation of human rights, robbing minors of their fundamental entitlements. These encompass the right to personal identity, familial bonds, cultural heritage, access to healthcare and proper nourishment, education, freedom of speech, and the assurance of safety and [...] Read more.

Introduction: Child trafficking is a clear violation of human rights, robbing minors of their fundamental entitlements. These encompass the right to personal identity, familial bonds, cultural heritage, access to healthcare and proper nourishment, education, freedom of speech, and the assurance of safety and security. Children and young people, given their inherent vulnerability and limited access to support networks, frequently struggle to safeguard themselves effectively. This predicament presents traffickers with opportunities to exploit and manipulate them. Therefore, it is essential for professionals across various sectors—including education, healthcare, protective and social services, as well as the justice system—to undergo comprehensive training and be integrated into a robust social protection system. This preparation should equip them to conduct screenings, accurately assess needs, and adhere to international guidelines when addressing cases of child trafficking. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the child-centered anti-trafficking approaches employed by Italy and Turkey, situated along migration pathways in the Mediterranean region and experiencing significant regular and irregular migration flows in recent years. Both nations fall within the classification of southern European welfare regimes. Methodology: This research specifically delves into the social protection policies aimed at children and young victims established by these two countries. Carried out between 1 February 2020 and 20 May 2021, this study employed a semi-structured interview approach, conducting qualitative in-depth interviews in both Italy and Turkey. This research targeted experts from various disciplines engaged in combating human trafficking in both countries, with a total sample size of 46 participants, comprising 15 experts from Italy and 31 from Turkey. Grounded theory formed the basis of the study, with data analyzed using the MAXQDA 2020 Pro Analytics program, employing a multidisciplinary and empowerment approach. Results: The analysis yielded 2942 codes, 17 sub-themes, and four main themes. The study identified four main themes: (i) characteristics of child victims and vulnerable child groups, (ii) services provided to at-risk groups and child trafficking victims within the current national counter-trafficking framework, (iii) challenges encountered in delivering services to children and young individuals, and (iv) recommendations for establishing an effective and child-centered protection system. Discussion and Conclusion: It is imperative to ensure that victims of child trafficking have access to comprehensive social protection measures. It has been noted that both Italy and Turkey offer various services to victims of child trafficking, including in-kind and -cash social assistance, free legal aid, shelter services, access to education and healthcare, as well as prevention, awareness, and advocacy programs. However, there are also differences between the two countries in certain aspects. Recommendations aimed at addressing these differences can be developed by adhering to the minimum standards outlined in the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends and Dimensions of Child Trafficking)

18 pages, 383 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Internet and Social Media Addictions in the Post-Pandemic Era: Consequences for Mental Well-Being and Self-Esteem

by Marilena Mousoulidou, Andri Christodoulou, Elena Averkiou and Irene Pavlou

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 699; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120699 - 22 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1149

Abstract

The increasing integration of digital technologies into daily life, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, has raised concerns about internet and social media addictions and their potential impact on mental health. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of internet and social media addictions [...] Read more.

The increasing integration of digital technologies into daily life, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, has raised concerns about internet and social media addictions and their potential impact on mental health. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of internet and social media addictions among adults in Cyprus in the post-pandemic period and explore their relationship with demographic characteristics, mental well-being (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress), and self-esteem. Participants included 502 adults from Cyprus recruited using the convenience and snowball sampling methods. The data were collected via an internet-based questionnaire that examined participants’ levels of internet addiction, social media addiction, mental well-being, and self-esteem. The results suggest that (a) while the prevalence of severe addiction was low for both internet and social media addictions, approximately one-third of participants exhibited mild to moderate levels of addiction; (b) younger adults, particularly those between 18 and 28 years of age, were more prone to problematic online behaviors; (c) internet and social media addictions were positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress and negatively associated with self-esteem; and (d) stress was found to be a significant predictor of both internet and social media addictions, while self-esteem acted as a protective factor against problematic use. These findings highlight the enduring mental health implications of increased digital engagement and emphasize the need for targeted interventions to promote healthy online behaviors, manage stress, and enhance self-esteem. Full article

15 pages, 258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Navigating Collaboration: Newcomer Parents’ Perceptions and Experiences with Norwegian Schools

by Sultana Ali Norozi and Nassira Essahli Vik

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 698; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120698 - 20 Dec 2024

Viewed by 613

Abstract

This qualitative study explores the perceptions and experiences of six newcomer parents from different countries (Afghanistan, Syria, Iran, Chile, Russia, and Ukraine) regarding their collaboration with Norwegian schools. Semi-structured in-depth interviews, ranging from 55 to 80 min, were conducted in participants’ native languages [...] Read more.

This qualitative study explores the perceptions and experiences of six newcomer parents from different countries (Afghanistan, Syria, Iran, Chile, Russia, and Ukraine) regarding their collaboration with Norwegian schools. Semi-structured in-depth interviews, ranging from 55 to 80 min, were conducted in participants’ native languages and English. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. Four major themes emerged, as follows: (1) “Journeying Through Integration within the Norwegian Educational Landscape”; (2) “Collaboration: Dialogic or Monologic?”; (3) “Language and Communication Barriers”; and (4) “Navigating New Horizons”. The findings highlight that despite the challenges, participants expressed appreciation for the support they received from schools and teachers. The findings also indicate the need for schools to improve communication and cultural understanding to foster meaningful collaboration with newcomer parents. Schools must also provide more opportunities for parent involvement in decision-making processes. This study adds to the limited literature on newcomer parents’ perspectives on school collaboration and provides insights for policymakers, educators, and school administrators to enhance the educational experiences of newcomer students and their families in Norway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Inclusion of Children, Youth and Families from Refugee and Migrant Backgrounds)

19 pages, 334 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nature at the Heart of Ecological Transition: Five Ideas to Allow a Plural, Reflexive, Intercultural, Transnational, Ecological, and Dynamic Citizenship

by Fátima Alves, Diogo Guedes Vidal, Giovanni Allegretti, Edmundo Gallo, Hermano Albuquerque de Castro and Helena Freitas

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 697; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120697 - 20 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1133

Abstract

To change the course of traditional citizen participation towards ecological transition (ET) and to promote a sustainable transformation of social systems, it is necessary to implement a transformative policy that is based on a deep understanding of the territories in their biophysical, socioeconomic, [...] Read more.

To change the course of traditional citizen participation towards ecological transition (ET) and to promote a sustainable transformation of social systems, it is necessary to implement a transformative policy that is based on a deep understanding of the territories in their biophysical, socioeconomic, and cultural dimensions. This policy should incorporate and articulate a plurality of knowledge, technologies, powers, and local positions. In this paper, we propose five ideas inspired by initiatives and examples from around the world to promote plural, reflexive, intercultural, transnational, ecological, and dynamic citizenship, which may foster a fair and inclusive ET. This scenario aims to envision alternative modes of social organization to anticipate ecologically and globally equitable futures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Vision to Action: Citizen Commitment to the European Green Deal)

25 pages, 595 KiB

Open AccessArticle

‘They Were Surprised That Such Jobs Even Exist…’ Supporting Students’ Career Awareness During Learning Activities at Museums and Environmental Education Centres

by Helene Uppin and Inge Timoštšuk

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120696 - 20 Dec 2024

Viewed by 565

Abstract

Many factors influence students’ career awareness and future career choices. Curricula-related learning activities that entail boundary-crossing between formal and nonformal contexts, such as museums and environmental education centres, can also broaden perspectives. Out-of-school learning can unveil career trajectories, introduce professions, spark interest in [...] Read more.

Many factors influence students’ career awareness and future career choices. Curricula-related learning activities that entail boundary-crossing between formal and nonformal contexts, such as museums and environmental education centres, can also broaden perspectives. Out-of-school learning can unveil career trajectories, introduce professions, spark interest in new topics, and support lifelong learning. Nevertheless, it is unclear how on-site educators of museums and environmental education centres perceive or address supporting students’ career awareness. We aimed to explore how Estonian on-site educators perceive the connection between curricula-related learning at their institutions and students’ career awareness (namely, work-related knowledge and self-awareness). The qualitative data are drawn from two datasets: (1) 27 out-of-school educators chosen by purposeful sampling participated in focus-group interviews about their practice; (2) 43 out-of-school educators filled out open-ended online surveys on career awareness education. Qualitative content analysis was used to find meaningful patterns from the dataset. Various specific examples of work-related learning activities emerged. However, career awareness was often understood narrowly or had not been previously conceptualised: students’ self-awareness was seldom explicitly perceived as part of career awareness. Moreover, supporting students’ lifelong learning or the development of sustainability competencies was explicitly emphasised only by more experienced or outstanding on-site educators. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improving Integration of Formal Education and Work-Based Learning)

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22 pages, 670 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Contextualised, Not Neoliberalised, Approaches to Families in Five Countries: Quality and Practice

by Marg Rogers, Fabio Dovigo, Astrid Mus Rasmussen, Khatuna Dolidze and Laura Doan

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120695 - 20 Dec 2024

Viewed by 597

Abstract

Partnerships with parents in early childhood education and care services are a hallmark of quality education. Educators in Western countries work within a highly regulated environment, where government documents, such as frameworks, standards, and curricula, direct most of their work, time, and energy. [...] Read more.

Partnerships with parents in early childhood education and care services are a hallmark of quality education. Educators in Western countries work within a highly regulated environment, where government documents, such as frameworks, standards, and curricula, direct most of their work, time, and energy. Despite this, data from our mixed methods online survey from Australia, Canada, Denmark, Georgia, and Italy revealed a strong resistance to the homogeneity these documents prescribe. For the quantitative data, we used cross-tabulation and descriptive statistics. For the qualitative data, we used deductive thematic analysis using a parent–educator partnership framework. Educators described parents in their service as partners in their child’s education. This included efforts to share information, consult, negotiate, and build partnerships; problem solve; and monitor, report and manage the partnership. The educators talked about the uniqueness of their approaches to parents and families within their contextualised services. They then revealed how these unique features impacted their notions of quality and practice in these services. This will be of interest to policymakers, educators, and teacher educators. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family Involvement in Early Childhood Education)

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12 pages, 261 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Family Involvement in Early Childhood Education and Care: Insights from Portuguese and Norwegian Curriculum Frameworks

by Maria Dardanou and Rita Brito

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 694; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120694 - 20 Dec 2024

Viewed by 2937

Abstract

The significance of family involvement in Early Childhood Education and Care has gained considerable attention within national reforms and regulations across various countries. This study aims to examine the early childhood education curriculum frameworks pertaining to family participation in Portugal and Norway. By [...] Read more.

The significance of family involvement in Early Childhood Education and Care has gained considerable attention within national reforms and regulations across various countries. This study aims to examine the early childhood education curriculum frameworks pertaining to family participation in Portugal and Norway. By analysing the national curriculum frameworks of these two countries, this study explores the distinct approaches they adopt towards family involvement in Early Childhood Education and Care, considering their unique cultural and policy contexts. Through content analysis of the curriculum frameworks from both nations, two primary themes emerge through coding: active involvement in the educational process and collaborative partnerships. The findings highlight the importance of fostering relationships between families and educational institutions to enhance children’s learning experiences and emphasize the necessity of ongoing communication and shared decision-making. Through an ecological perspective, this paper provides insights into how varying levels of family participation can influence educational practices and experiences in early childhood settings, suggesting potential improvements to strengthen partnerships between families and educators. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family Involvement in Early Childhood Education)

33 pages, 6462 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Susceptibility of a Multivariate Approach to the Measurement of Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status in Neighborhoods and Health Research: Descriptive Findings with Analytical Reasoning

by Masayoshi Oka

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 693; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120693 - 19 Dec 2024

Viewed by 534

Abstract

A fairly large number of area-based indices have been developed in the United States (US) and other countries to examine the contextual effect of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) on health. However, two conceptual and methodological review articles raised several concerns about a multivariate [...] Read more.

A fairly large number of area-based indices have been developed in the United States (US) and other countries to examine the contextual effect of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) on health. However, two conceptual and methodological review articles raised several concerns about a multivariate approach to the measurement of neighborhood-level SES. To untangle some of the conceptual and methodological concerns raised in those review articles, the purpose of this study was to illuminate a couple of common oversights masked by the lack of analytical transparency in neighborhoods and health research. Using the State of California and its seven Metropolitan Statistical Areas as the study areas, census-tract-level population estimates from the 2000 Census as well as the 2005–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015–2019 American Community Survey were obtained from the United States Census Bureau’s website for conducting a sequence of data analyses. The results of this study suggest that a multivariate approach to the measurement of neighborhood-level SES may be susceptible to the spatial size and spatial configuration of geographic areas and/or the population size and population structure of geographic areas. For these reasons, a few underlying sources of measurement uncertainty, which may undermine the generalizability of existing area-based indices and their measurement validity, are discussed in a general sense so as to be relevant for examining the contextual effect of neighborhood-level SES on health in the US and other countries. Full article

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26 pages, 2868 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Group Polarization and Echo Chambers in #GaijinTwitter Community

by Seval Yurtcicek Ozaydin, Vasily Lubashevskiy and Fatih Ozaydin

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120692 - 19 Dec 2024

Viewed by 713

Abstract

This study explores the phenomena of group polarization and echo chambers within the context of online discussions among immigrants in Japan, also known as gaijins, specifically within the #GaijinTwitter community. By analyzing the key topics discussed by divergent groups of Twitter users [...] Read more.

This study explores the phenomena of group polarization and echo chambers within the context of online discussions among immigrants in Japan, also known as gaijins, specifically within the #GaijinTwitter community. By analyzing the key topics discussed by divergent groups of Twitter users and examining their interactions through qualitative and quantitative approaches, we provide evidence of group polarization. Additionally, we investigate how blocking and sharing screenshots of tweets instead of reacting to them in the standard ways contribute to the formation and perpetuation of online echo chambers. Full article

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16 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Revisiting Inclusion: An Exploration of Refugee-Led Education for Children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities in Lebanon

by Elnaz Safarha and Zeena Zakharia

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120691 - 19 Dec 2024

Viewed by 648

Abstract

This article explores the concept of inclusive education in contexts of forced displacement, where refugeehood intersects with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND), as well as gender, poverty, and overlapping forms of discrimination. Drawing on extensive engagement with a refugee-led, non-formal educational organization [...] Read more.

This article explores the concept of inclusive education in contexts of forced displacement, where refugeehood intersects with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND), as well as gender, poverty, and overlapping forms of discrimination. Drawing on extensive engagement with a refugee-led, non-formal educational organization in Lebanon, we revisit inclusion for refugee children with SEND through a bottom-up lens. We consider inclusion within Lebanon’s sociopolitical landscape, focusing on a community of educators, most of whom are refugees themselves. Grounded in decolonial feminist epistemologies and critical refugee studies, we highlight the role of educators as cultural actors who employ engaged pedagogies to humanize the educational experiences of refugee children with SEND. By challenging traditional top-down, outcome-oriented policies that focus solely on structural access, this paper advocates for an alternative framework based on refugee educators’ orientations to working with children with SEND. This framework prioritizes holistic, context-sensitive approaches to inclusion and underscores the importance of humanizing education for refugees. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Teaching and Learning in Refugee/(Im)Migrant Communities Around the World)

16 pages, 286 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Accessibility of Transport and Universal Access in the City of Tshwane Using Expert Opinion

by Babra Duri and Rose Luke

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 690; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120690 - 19 Dec 2024

Viewed by 649

Abstract

Universal design and access in transport are essential for ensuring the equal and independent mobility of people with disability and those with reduced mobility. Despite progressive legislation and policies, the implementation of universal design and access standards in transport systems remains inconsistent in [...] Read more.

Universal design and access in transport are essential for ensuring the equal and independent mobility of people with disability and those with reduced mobility. Despite progressive legislation and policies, the implementation of universal design and access standards in transport systems remains inconsistent in the City of Tshwane. This study aims to assess the state of transport and universal access in the City of Tshwane using expert opinion. Transport experts were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide to gather in-depth insights. Thematic analysis was applied to identify issues related to policy, infrastructure, and service delivery. Experts reported that while legislation supports universal access, implementation is inconsistent, particularly in informal transport sectors like minibus taxis. The findings reveal significant gaps between policy goals and implementation. The inconsistent application of legislation has resulted in new transport modes, such as the BRT systems and the Gautrain high-speed rail, being designed with universal access principles, while other modes lag behind in accessibility standards. An integrated transport system with universally designed infrastructure is recommended to improve transport access for people with disability and those with reduced mobility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Social Stratification and Inequality)

18 pages, 294 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Disclosure Dances in Doctoral Education

by Nicole Brown

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120689 - 19 Dec 2024

Viewed by 495

Abstract

This article reports on a qualitative embodied inquiry that was undertaken to explore the lived experience of disclosure amongst disabled, chronically ill, and/or neurodivergent doctoral researchers. Previous research has shown that disabled, chronically ill, and/or neurodivergent academics apply a cost–benefit analysis to help [...] Read more.

This article reports on a qualitative embodied inquiry that was undertaken to explore the lived experience of disclosure amongst disabled, chronically ill, and/or neurodivergent doctoral researchers. Previous research has shown that disabled, chronically ill, and/or neurodivergent academics apply a cost–benefit analysis to help them decide whether to disclose their needs. This study specifically focused on doctoral researchers and how doctoral researchers navigate the process of disclosure. Twelve participants from the United Kingdom took part. Data collection was via interviews and additional creative submissions. Data was analyzed using reflexive, thematic analysis. The themes generated were disclosure experiences, career considerations, and navigating spaces and academic buildings. The findings show that doctoral researchers’ decisions of whether to disclose depends on their individual situations and factors rather than it being a linear, either-or matter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Policies and Practice to Support Students with Disabilities)

13 pages, 284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adolescence in the Italian Labour Market: In Search of an Equilibrium Among Instability, Uncertainty, and AI Challenges

by Maria Rita Mancaniello and Francesco Lavanga

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120688 - 18 Dec 2024

Viewed by 481

Abstract

The school-to-work transition (STWT) represents a pivotal challenge in individual development, necessitating a global and interdisciplinary approach to address its inherent complexity. This article examines some key characteristics of the current labour market, focusing on the Italian context, which is undergoing profound transformations [...] Read more.

The school-to-work transition (STWT) represents a pivotal challenge in individual development, necessitating a global and interdisciplinary approach to address its inherent complexity. This article examines some key characteristics of the current labour market, focusing on the Italian context, which is undergoing profound transformations that disrupt traditional production systems. In the contemporary landscape, labour market instability has become a norm rather than an exception, often resulting in unclear future prospects and leaving individuals—particularly adolescents—grappling with uncertainty and a lack of direction. For younger generations, this sustained uncertainty exacerbates the challenges of an already delicate and transformative phase of life, generating scepticism toward both present realities and future possibilities. The evolving skills required to navigate the STWT present significant challenges for educational planning, particularly within institutional, organizational, and pedagogical dimensions. Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), are reshaping lifestyles and work environments, further complicating the dynamics of STWT transition. It is essential to undertake comprehensive pedagogical reflection and rigorous research to critically evaluate and redefine educational strategies and policies. Such efforts are crucial for equipping adolescents with the resilience and adaptability required to navigate instability and uncertainty, fostering preparedness for an unpredictable future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue School-to-Work Transition of At-Risk Youth during Crisis and Distress)

20 pages, 296 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gardening School to Support Youth Inclusion and Environmental Sustainability in Morocco

by Salma Idrissi Boutaybi, Tiia Hartikainen, Yahia Benyamina and Sofia Laine

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 687; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120687 - 18 Dec 2024

Viewed by 845

Abstract

Youth research has, for decades, focused on examining current societal conditions and their potential shortcomings for young people in areas such as education, income, work, and gender equality. However, it has been less common to integrate planetary boundaries and so-called “overshoot” areas—such as [...] Read more.

Youth research has, for decades, focused on examining current societal conditions and their potential shortcomings for young people in areas such as education, income, work, and gender equality. However, it has been less common to integrate planetary boundaries and so-called “overshoot” areas—such as biodiversity loss or climate change—into youth research. This paradigm shift is increasingly necessary, as six out of nine planetary boundaries have already been crossed, and the planet remains on track for approximately 2.7 degrees Celsius (°C) peak warming by 2100. In addition to planetary threats, Morocco faces social challenges, particularly high unemployment. Unemployment is highest among young people aged 15 to 24, reaching 25% over the past decade, nearly double the global youth unemployment rate. This article analyzes a case study we refer to as the “Gardening School” in Morocco, a country facing significant climate stress. It aims to (a) explore new methods for conducting more globally oriented youth research that is ethical and environmentally friendly and (b) examine the wellbeing of young people and their environment, as well as how to support and strengthen both. The findings of this article highlight the potential for youth research to develop new approaches, especially when conducted alongside young people and educational and sustainable environments. These environments enable younger generations to deepen their connection to and understanding of biodiversity, sustainability, and climate change, while learning to use natural resources in a sustainable and ethical manner. This approach ultimately aims to ensure a livable future for the coming generations and foster sustainable employment opportunities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researching Youth on the Move: Methods, Ethics and Emotions)

19 pages, 296 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Conceptualising the Learning of General Upper Secondary Students at Work

by Krista Loogma, Birgit Peterson and Maret Aasa

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 686; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120686 - 18 Dec 2024

Viewed by 586

Abstract

The share of general upper secondary students working or having acquired work experience in an authentic work environment in parallel with learning in formal educational settings is expanding. It is therefore important to understand how learning in an authentic work environment and the [...] Read more.

The share of general upper secondary students working or having acquired work experience in an authentic work environment in parallel with learning in formal educational settings is expanding. It is therefore important to understand how learning in an authentic work environment and the interrelationships between work and school learning support the development of students. The main aim of this study is to understand and conceptualise the early work experience of students studying at general upper secondary schools. This study applies a phenomenological approach by conducting semi-structured interviews with students who have had work experience in authentic work environments. The main results of this study show that the variety of meaningful skills and competences developed in the work environment is rather great. Mostly, generic competences are learned at work. The incorporation of elements from one practice into the other (work to school or school to work) also occurs. Knowledge learned at school in traditional subjects and in elective courses is applied at work in a few cases. The positive impact of work experience on school studies, however, was reported—better time planning, increased motivation to learn, and increased career awareness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Education and Learning in the Context of the New Normal: Sustainable Development and the Path to Sustainability)

15 pages, 514 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining Career Calling Through Career Exploration: The Influence of Decision Self-Efficacy and Openness

by Xiaomin Su, Anuar Ahmad and Jamsari Alias

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 685; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120685 - 18 Dec 2024

Viewed by 967

Abstract

In today’s rapidly changing social and employment environment, young university students face unprecedented career development challenges. They must not only acquire strong professional knowledge and skills but also navigate the complex job market. Career calling, as a profound professional value, provides individuals with [...] Read more.

In today’s rapidly changing social and employment environment, young university students face unprecedented career development challenges. They must not only acquire strong professional knowledge and skills but also navigate the complex job market. Career calling, as a profound professional value, provides individuals with a clear sense of purpose, laying a solid foundation for their career development. Therefore, cultivating career calling has gained increasing attention in higher education, which is essential for developing future social workers who are both responsible and purposeful. This study aims to reveal the impact of individuals’ career exploration on career calling and its underlying mechanisms, as well as the influence of personality differences during the exploration process. The study was conducted in two universities in Guangdong Province, China, using online questionnaires that yielded 421 valid responses. The results confirmed that career exploration positively influenced career calling, with career decision-making self-efficacy mediating this relationship. Additionally, openness to experience moderates the connection between career exploration and career calling. These findings offer valuable insights for educators and career counselors, helping them develop effective strategies and interventions to support university students in finding and realizing their career calling. Full article

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15 pages, 1924 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Subverting Racialized Mobility Regimes: Ethical Research with Migrant Youth in an Age of Securitization

by Roozbeh Shirazi

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120684 - 18 Dec 2024

Viewed by 730

Abstract

In France, minoritized migrant youth—a term encompassing various legal statuses and migration trajectories—are subject to systems of surveillance that include racialized policing, school securitization policies, and programs to counter extremism. These institutional practices are complemented by hostility within everyday public spaces and broader [...] Read more.

In France, minoritized migrant youth—a term encompassing various legal statuses and migration trajectories—are subject to systems of surveillance that include racialized policing, school securitization policies, and programs to counter extremism. These institutional practices are complemented by hostility within everyday public spaces and broader systems of representation. Together, institutional and everyday forms of surveillance constitute racialized mobility regimes for migrant youth within and beyond educational spaces. For researchers who work with migrant youth, such landscapes pose ethical demands—what forms of critical awareness, anticipatory planning, and improvisatory practices are necessary to mitigate harms resulting from participation in their projects? Drawing upon an autoethnographic revisiting of a 16-month digital storytelling engagement with newcomer migrant and refugee youth in two French high schools, I discuss the creation of a “youth researcher” pass in anticipation of the racialized surveillance confronting migrant youth in France. Informed by the works of Walter Benjamin and Michel de Certeau on mobility, storytelling, and facsimiles, as well as political developments in France, I argue that in settings in which migrant presence is deemed a threat, researchers must unapologetically opt for an ethical stance that takes protection of participants’ humanity—rather than legality—as its core aim. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Teaching and Learning in Refugee/(Im)Migrant Communities Around the World)

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21 pages, 1305 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Disentangling the Role of Composition Factors in Fertility Responses to Unemployment

by Thaís García-Pereiro, Roberta Misuraca, Roberta Pace and Raffaella Patimo

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120683 - 17 Dec 2024

Viewed by 482

Abstract

Using a macro-panel data set from 20 Italian regions, this study explores the relationship between unemployment and fertility in Italy between 2006 and 2018. It contributes to recent literature on this subject by considering gender-specific unemployment measures and examining the influence of two [...] Read more.

Using a macro-panel data set from 20 Italian regions, this study explores the relationship between unemployment and fertility in Italy between 2006 and 2018. It contributes to recent literature on this subject by considering gender-specific unemployment measures and examining the influence of two important compositional factors on fertility responses, namely the presence of foreign women and daily childcare coverage, and the influence of both of these on the link between unemployment and fertility. The study reveals a procyclical relationship between unemployment rates, used as a proxy of variations in business cycles, and fertility. Positive influences of foreign women’s contribution and daily childcare coverage on fertility are uncovered, suggesting a potential mitigation effect on declining fertility trends during the period under observation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intersections Between Work–Life Balance and Gender Policies: Equality and Sustainability for Caring and Family Transition)

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16 pages, 1724 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Materialist Mapping the Lived Experiencing of Trauma in Perinatal and Infant Mental Health

by Emma van Daal and Ariel Moy

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120682 - 16 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1367

Abstract

Contemporary therapeutic trauma practice privileges symptom-based models that overlook the potential of materiality and space in trauma healing. The responsibility for recovery is situated in the individual (i.e., the parent). We suggest that trauma and lived experiencing produce and are produced by the [...] Read more.

Contemporary therapeutic trauma practice privileges symptom-based models that overlook the potential of materiality and space in trauma healing. The responsibility for recovery is situated in the individual (i.e., the parent). We suggest that trauma and lived experiencing produce and are produced by the complex relational entanglings of parent, infant, and the dyad with the world. Employing a new materialist orientation to perinatal and infant mental health and trauma, we propose multimodal mapping as an approach that can move with the multisensorial, multidimensional rhythms of trauma and trauma healing as they unfold in a series of now moments; moments that emerge within the context of the parent–infant relationship. This article re-presents the conceptual material and multimodal maps that emerged from our presentation and experiential invitation at the Big Trauma, Big Change Forum, 2024. Organised into two interconnected parts, we begin by emphasising the capacity of multimodal mapping to enable a nuanced translation of lived experiencing for parents and infants, in research and practice, that can transform trauma and potentiate healing. The second part brings focus to a new mapping experiment whereby the audience engaged in a multimodal process of re-configuring the lived experiencing of parent–infant night-time spaces using collage, images, and group process. We include three illustrations of night-time spaces common to parents and infants, exploring the power of materiality, the arts, and objects in transforming the affective, sensory, and embodied affordances that shape mental health. Arts-based mapping interventions can profoundly shape how we understand and respond to trauma, moving us towards a “more-than” conceptualisation of lived experiencing that is sensed and animated in everyday and every “thing” moments. Our hope is to inspire the audience in adopting a relational orientation that innovates new processes of discovery by mapping the human and more-than-human elements involved in parent–infant well-being and the unravelling of trauma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Research Methods to Understand Lived Experience through Art and Design Collaborations)

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18 pages, 403 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Primary School Teachers’ Perspectives on the Relationship Between Students’ Learning and Work-Related Skills

by Anne-Mai Näkk and Inge Timoštšuk

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120681 - 16 Dec 2024

Viewed by 663

Abstract

Primary school teachers play a significant role in preparing students to meet the demands of the 21st century. Balancing the integration of work-related skills into classroom learning while maintaining student motivation presents considerable challenges. This study explored teachers’ perceptions of the relationship between [...] Read more.

Primary school teachers play a significant role in preparing students to meet the demands of the 21st century. Balancing the integration of work-related skills into classroom learning while maintaining student motivation presents considerable challenges. This study explored teachers’ perceptions of the relationship between student learning and the development of work-related skills through 13 narrative interviews. Data were analysed using phenomenographic and content analyses, revealing three key themes: competence-building, relatedness-focused, and autonomy-related views. Teachers highlighted the importance of developing students’ general competencies and cross-contextual skills while fostering a supportive learning environment and promoting a sense of relatedness. Notably, their perceptions were more influenced by past experiences than by current contexts. These findings suggest that teachers recognise the importance of integrating real-world phenomena into classroom learning to prepare students for future challenges. The implications for teacher training include fostering reflective practices to help educators critically examine the influence of personal history on their teaching approaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improving Integration of Formal Education and Work-Based Learning)

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23 pages, 284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Biracial Asian-American Advantage at School Entry

by Benjamin G. Gibbs, Jonathan A. Jarvis, Lance D. Erickson, Lear Burton, Can Cheng and Carol Ward

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120680 - 16 Dec 2024

Viewed by 608

Abstract

Asian-American students have some of the highest scores for standardized tests in American schools—a pattern that is commonly attributed to immigrant selectivity. We extend this line of inquiry by examining mixed-race couples and their children. Using both the ECLS-K cohorts of 1998 and [...] Read more.

Asian-American students have some of the highest scores for standardized tests in American schools—a pattern that is commonly attributed to immigrant selectivity. We extend this line of inquiry by examining mixed-race couples and their children. Using both the ECLS-K cohorts of 1998 and 2010, we document the persistence of the Asian-American educational advantage over time by comparing the math and reading scores of white students (1998 n = 6700; 2010 n = 4500) with Asian-American (1998 n = 500; 2010 n = 600) and biracial Asian/white (1998 n = 150; 2010 n = 150) students at the start of elementary school. Surprisingly, in bivariate models, biracial Asian/white students have some of the highest math and reading scores. Socioeconomic factors are an important part of this advantage. When we examine parenting practices, we find that parenting works in opposite directions for biracial and monoracial Asian couples—decreasing the size of the biracial Asian/white educational advantage but increasing the size of the Asian-American advantage compared with their white kindergartener peers at school entry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Childhood and Youth Studies)

13 pages, 1118 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Roma in the COVID-19 Crisis: Transformative Elements That Emerge from the Research

by Diana Valero, Carmen Elboj and Lena De Botton

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 679; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120679 - 16 Dec 2024

Viewed by 685

Abstract

Research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Roma community consistently demonstrates that it has exacerbated pre-existing social exclusion and marginalization. However, few studies have specifically addressed the transformative actions or strategies that helped to mitigate these adverse effects. This study [...] Read more.

Research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Roma community consistently demonstrates that it has exacerbated pre-existing social exclusion and marginalization. However, few studies have specifically addressed the transformative actions or strategies that helped to mitigate these adverse effects. This study aimed to identify and analyze transformative elements through a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted across Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar, yielding 995 records, of which 46 were included in the final phase and 25 in our synthesis. Our analysis focused on community-led initiatives that addressed inequalities, particularly when Roma community members were involved in the design of solutions or took on mediation roles. The results underscore the critical importance of inclusive, community-driven actions in overcoming structural barriers and promoting long-term resilience within Roma communities during the pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Critical Perspectives on the Impacts of (Post) COVID-19 Pandemic on Roma)

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14 pages, 265 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychosocial Demands in Death Care During COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study on Italian Workers

by Annalisa Grandi, Nigel King and Lara Colombo

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 678; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120678 - 16 Dec 2024

Viewed by 670

Abstract

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the long-established approach to death. Among the workers who suffered most from the effects of this new situation are those in death care, who had to take care of the disposal of bodies throughout the pandemic. [...] Read more.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the long-established approach to death. Among the workers who suffered most from the effects of this new situation are those in death care, who had to take care of the disposal of bodies throughout the pandemic. This study explores the experiences of these professionals to better understand the difficulties they faced in their daily work during the first wave of the pandemic. The narratives of 29 Italian death care professionals were collected. The data were analysed using Template Analysis, and four main themes were identified: the changes in funeral practices, the management of the increased workload, stigmatisation and a lack of support. The results of this study have also shown that institutions and the public know too little about the death care system, a factor that significantly influenced the difficulties faced by these professionals in coping with the pandemic. Full article

14 pages, 274 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond the Veil: Voices of Young Widows in South Africa

by Ratidzai Shoko and Sizakele Matlabe-Danke

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 677; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120677 - 16 Dec 2024

Viewed by 675

Abstract

This article outlines the experiences of young widows in southern Africa and the impact of widowhood on their livelihoods. Despite numerous human rights frameworks addressing women’s issues, widowhood has not received adequate attention in the Global South. Widows often endure terrible and abusive [...] Read more.

This article outlines the experiences of young widows in southern Africa and the impact of widowhood on their livelihoods. Despite numerous human rights frameworks addressing women’s issues, widowhood has not received adequate attention in the Global South. Widows often endure terrible and abusive treatment during widowhood. This study focuses on women’s perspectives by examining the impact of widowhood issues through case studies. The data were obtained from interviews conducted in a larger study on widowhood issues in South Africa. It explores the experiences and challenges five young widows face, analyses societal perceptions of widowhood, and examines the familial imperatives surrounding widowhood. Intersectionality theory was adopted in this article. The results show that young widows face serious inheritance challenges and abuse at the hands of their in-laws. Because the young widows viewed widowhood rites as part of their culture, they were not opposed to them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gender Studies)

11 pages, 217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Korean American Immigrant Women’s Mammography Use in Korea: Factors Associated with Medical Tourism

by Mi Hwa Lee, Joseph Merighi, Leslie Cofie and Bryan Rogers

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120676 - 16 Dec 2024

Viewed by 701

Abstract

This study examined social determinants associated with Korean American immigrant women’s mammography use in Korea after immigration to the United States. Data from a cross-sectional survey were obtained from 187 women in Los Angeles County, California. More than one-quarter (28.3%) of the respondents [...] Read more.

This study examined social determinants associated with Korean American immigrant women’s mammography use in Korea after immigration to the United States. Data from a cross-sectional survey were obtained from 187 women in Los Angeles County, California. More than one-quarter (28.3%) of the respondents reported returning to Korea for a mammogram after immigrating to the United States. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that compared to those who had their first mammogram in Korea, Korean American immigrant women who had their first mammogram in the United States were less likely to return to Korea for subsequent screenings (AOR = 0.02, 95% CI: <0.001, 0.05); also, those who had employer-based health insurance in the United States were less likely to get a mammogram in Korea after immigration (AOR = 0.01, 95% CI: <0.01, 0.18). Findings suggest that women familiar with the Korean healthcare system and who are uninsured or have inconsistent healthcare coverage in the United States may seek care in Korea. To promote adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines among Korean American immigrant women residing in the United States, greater access to free or low-cost screening services and breast cancer screening education is warranted to reduce the risk of later stage breast cancer detection resulting from medical tourism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health Equity: An Intersectional Analysis of Social Determinants, Coping Mechanisms, and Well-Being among Immigrant Women)

20 pages, 888 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perception and Contribution of Public Relations to Society: What Does the Public Think? Insights from Türkiye

by Tevhide Serra Görpe and Burcu Öksüz

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120675 - 13 Dec 2024

Viewed by 965

Abstract

The aim of this study is to understand how the public perceives public relations and why it is perceived in that way by society. This research is related to the perception of public relations and is conducted in Türkiye. Semi-structured interviews with 30 [...] Read more.

The aim of this study is to understand how the public perceives public relations and why it is perceived in that way by society. This research is related to the perception of public relations and is conducted in Türkiye. Semi-structured interviews with 30 people from different occupations/professions are conducted to identify their views on public relations. In addition to the perception of public relations, this study aims to find out the contribution of public relations to the organizations and society. Findings state that public relations is considered to have an important function for the organization and society. The Turkish participants of the study have an idea of public relations and are accurately describing some aspects of public relations. Their view is not negative, and they think that public relations contributes to society because it provides information to society from organizations. They also state that public relations should pay attention to the values of society. However, the public relations practitioner is perceived to favor the interest of the organization when a conflict between the organization and the public occurs. Full article

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13 pages, 227 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Early Childhood Placement Program to Facilitate Family Involvement for Future Teachers

by Katherine Bussey

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120674 - 13 Dec 2024

Viewed by 502

Abstract

Navigating family involvement is commonly a cause of concern for pre-service teachers who will soon be early childhood teacher graduates in Australia. This paper uses a Research by Design methodology to analyse the interview and focus group data from 108 pre-service and 135 [...] Read more.

Navigating family involvement is commonly a cause of concern for pre-service teachers who will soon be early childhood teacher graduates in Australia. This paper uses a Research by Design methodology to analyse the interview and focus group data from 108 pre-service and 135 mentor teachers involved in an enhanced early childhood professional placement partnerships program. This program was used to advance professional relationships through shared professional learning and making time for collegial discussions. The findings show that the program interventions have enabled pre-service teachers to focus on family involvement while on placements, with some sharing their own documentation of children’s learning directly with families. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family Involvement in Early Childhood Education)

9 pages, 292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Social Media Addiction, Weight Perception, and Lifestyle in Mexican Nursing Students

by Vanessa Patiño-Jaimes, María Camila Giraldo-Suarez, Geu S. Mendoza-Catalán, Julieta Angel-Garcia, Diego Estrada-Luna and Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio

Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 673; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120673 - 13 Dec 2024

Viewed by 737

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a reported significative increase in social media addiction (SMA), associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits. To analyze the association between SMA, lifestyle, and weight perception among Mexican nursing students, a cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted among undergraduate and [...] Read more.

In recent years, there has been a reported significative increase in social media addiction (SMA), associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits. To analyze the association between SMA, lifestyle, and weight perception among Mexican nursing students, a cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted among undergraduate and graduate students over 18 years old. The survey was administered via Google Forms and distributed through Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram from June to August 2023. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and a multiple linear regression model with SPSS. A total of 255 students participated, 80.0% of whom were women, and 86.2% were undergraduate students. The average social media addiction score was 25.6 (SD = 14.0). Of the participants, 49.8% reported a dangerous-to-fair lifestyle, while 50.2% reported a good-to-excellent lifestyle. Social media addiction was negatively correlated with lifestyle (r_s = −0.496, p < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression model, social media addiction, perception of body weight, and students who work explained 32.5% of the lifestyle variance. Students who reported higher levels of social media addiction tended to have less healthy lifestyles. It is important to consider the detection of social media addiction and its potential long-term health implications for nursing students. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Social Media on Health and Well-Being)

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Soc. Sci., Volume 13, Issue 12 (December 2024) – 74 articles

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