Farm Environmental Enrichments Improve the Welfare of Layer Chicks and Pullets: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Timing and Deep Understanding of Farm Environmental Enrichment in Layer Chicks and Pullet Production Systems
2.1. Impact of Timing on Environmental Enrichment Layer Chicks and Pullets
2.2. Further Understanding of Farm Environmental Enrichment in Animals
3. Effects of Manipulable Materials
3.1. Litter Materials for Foraging and Dustbathing
3.2. Stone or String for Pecking
4. Effects of Structural Equipment
4.1. Perches
4.2. Ramps and Platforms
4.3. Aviaries
5. Effects of Outdoor Access
6. Competence of Farm Staff
7. Conclusions and Future Prospective
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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---|---|---|---|---|
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---|---|---|---|---|
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---|---|---|---|---|
Lambton et al., 2010 [117] | Mashed feed and increased range use | 0–40 weeks old | Laying hens | To reduce severe feather pecking |
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Grigor et al., 1995 [120] | Outdoor access | 12–20 weeks old | Laying hens | To increase birds’ readiness to use outdoor areas and reduce fearfulness |
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Xu, D.; Shu, G.; Liu, Y.; Qin, P.; Zheng, Y.; Tian, Y.; Zhao, X.; Du, X. Farm Environmental Enrichments Improve the Welfare of Layer Chicks and Pullets: A Comprehensive Review. Animals 2022, 12, 2610. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192610
Xu D, Shu G, Liu Y, Qin P, Zheng Y, Tian Y, Zhao X, Du X. Farm Environmental Enrichments Improve the Welfare of Layer Chicks and Pullets: A Comprehensive Review. Animals. 2022; 12(19):2610. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192610
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Dan, Gang Shu, Yanting Liu, Pingwu Qin, Yilei Zheng, Yaofu Tian, Xiaoling Zhao, and Xiaohui Du. 2022. "Farm Environmental Enrichments Improve the Welfare of Layer Chicks and Pullets: A Comprehensive Review" Animals 12, no. 19: 2610. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192610
APA StyleXu, D., Shu, G., Liu, Y., Qin, P., Zheng, Y., Tian, Y., Zhao, X., & Du, X. (2022). Farm Environmental Enrichments Improve the Welfare of Layer Chicks and Pullets: A Comprehensive Review. Animals, 12(19), 2610. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192610