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Oxazolone-Induced Immune Response in Atopic Dermatitis Using a Goat Model and Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate Peel Extract
by
, , , , , , and
Ahmed Elfadadny
1,2,*
,
Haney Samir
3,4
,
Ahmed S. Mandour
5
,
Rokaia F. Ragab
1,6,*,
Besheer G. Elshafey
2,
Fawaz E. Alanazi
7,
Helal F. Hetta
8,
Ahmad A. Alharbi
8,
Abdullah S. Albalawi
9,
Suhailah S. Aljameel
10,
Maha Abdullah Alwaili
11,
Wedad M. Nageeb
12 and
Mahmoud H. Emam
13
1
Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-0054, Japan
2
Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
3
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 1221, Egypt
4
Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-0054, Japan
5
Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
6
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
7
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
8
Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
9
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
10
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
11
Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
12
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
13
Department of Animal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2025, 15(3), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030411
Submission received: 6 December 2024
/
Revised: 25 January 2025
/
Accepted: 27 January 2025
/
Published: 2 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Ruminant Pathology: A Focus on Prevention and Diagnosis)
Simple Summary
The expression of cytokines in livestock remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate cytokine expression in a goat model of atopic dermatitis (AD). By establishing this novel goat model, we aimed to more closely replicate the pathophysiology of dermatitis in humans and larger animals, offering a more relevant alternative to traditional mouse models. The goat model, being more similar in size and physiology to large animals and humans, exhibited cytokine expression patterns akin to those seen in previous mouse studies, as confirmed by histopathological analysis and immunostaining. These preliminary findings open new avenues for further research on AD in large animals and humans, underscoring the potential of the goat model for broader dermatological studies.
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) remains a challenging condition, necessitating effective models for investigation and therapeutic exploration. In this study, we employed a goat skin model to assess the immune response triggered by topical oxazolone (OX) application. The OX simulates a Th2-driven immune reaction typified by elevated Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-13) expression and the infiltration of mononuclear cells magnified by the presence of CD3+ and CD4+ T-cells in the epidermal and dermal layers. Additionally, the application of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) demonstrated a mitigating effect on OX-induced skin alterations, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits. This study underscores the value of goats as a reliable and accessible model for studying AD in humans and/or large animals. While the therapeutic potential of PPE dosage requires further exploration.
Keywords:
atopic dermatitis; goat; Th2-driven inflammation; PPE
