Behavioral Sciences

16 pages, 1347 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Job Skill Demands Under Artificial Intelligence Embeddedness on Employees’ Job Performance: A Moderated Double-Edged Sword Model

by Ningning Chen, Xinan Zhao and Lele Wang

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 974; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100974 - 21 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1086

Abstract

With the widespread application of AI technology, the skills and abilities required by employees in their work are undergoing fundamental changes, redefining the roles of employees. This research aims to explore the effect of job skill demands under AI embeddedness on well-being in [...] Read more.

With the widespread application of AI technology, the skills and abilities required by employees in their work are undergoing fundamental changes, redefining the roles of employees. This research aims to explore the effect of job skill demands under AI embeddedness on well-being in organizations and job performance. Based on conservation of resources theory, this research randomly selected 479 employees from 8 companies in China using a time-lag method as samples, and conducted statistical analysis with ordinary least squares (OLS). This research found that, job skill demands under AI embeddedness will both increase employees’ competency needs, promoting their well-being in organizations and job performance and decrease employees’ job embeddedness, inhibiting their well-being in organizations and job performance. Meanwhile, technological anxiety moderated the impact of job skill demands under AI embeddedness on job embeddedness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employee Behavior on Digital-AI Transformation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 1792 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on Customer Behavior in Online Dating Platforms: Analyzing the Impact of Perceived Value on Enhancing Customer Loyalty

by Qianghong Huang, Ru Zhang, Hyemin Lee, Huayuan Xu and Younghwan Pan

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100973 - 21 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1016

Abstract

Customer loyalty is critical for organizations to gain market share and maintain a sustained competitive advantage. However, no study has yet explored customer loyalty in online dating platforms. Perceived value theory suggests that perceived value is a key predictor of customer loyalty. Accordingly, [...] Read more.

Customer loyalty is critical for organizations to gain market share and maintain a sustained competitive advantage. However, no study has yet explored customer loyalty in online dating platforms. Perceived value theory suggests that perceived value is a key predictor of customer loyalty. Accordingly, this research constructed a conceptual model drawing on a multidimensional perspective of perceived value to explore customer loyalty in online dating platforms and investigated the mediating role of satisfaction. By quantitatively analyzing 352 customers who had experienced online dating platforms and utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among propositions, the research demonstrated a strong positive correlation between perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty, and a notable indirect impact on loyalty through satisfaction. In addition, the experiential value dimension of perceived benefits had the most positive and substantial influence on perceived value, while the perceived risk dimension of perceived sacrifice had the most negative and notable impact on perceived value. The results of the study provide designers, managers, and vendors of online dating platforms with valuable insights into customer behavior and practical recommendations for improvement, helping them to develop more effective strategies to enhance market competitiveness and ensure the sustainability of their platforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Emotional Antecedents and Consequences of Buying and Consuming: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Consumers’ Emotions)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 943 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Luxury or Cultural Tourism Activities? The Role of Narcissistic Personality Traits and Travel-Related Motivations

by Avi Besser, Villy Abraham and Virgil Zeigler-Hill

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 972; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100972 - 20 Oct 2024

Viewed by 947

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the role of travel-related motivations and preferences for activities (such as learning about local culture, relaxation and entertainment, status and social recognition, escape and curiosity, and experience) in the relationship between narcissistic personality traits and the preference for [...] Read more.

This study aimed to examine the role of travel-related motivations and preferences for activities (such as learning about local culture, relaxation and entertainment, status and social recognition, escape and curiosity, and experience) in the relationship between narcissistic personality traits and the preference for luxury tourism versus cultural tourism. A sample of 1342 Israeli community members was analyzed. The methodology utilized parallel mediation analyses to assess how different forms of narcissism (extraverted, antagonistic, neurotic, and communal) were associated with the desire for luxury tourism over cultural tourism, as mediated by various travel-related motivations. The results indicated that narcissistic personality traits were generally associated with a preference for luxury tourism, primarily through indirect associations via travel motivations such as relaxation and entertainment, status and social recognition, and experience. The conclusion highlights the implications for understanding how specific travel-related motivations influence tourism preferences among individuals with varying levels of narcissistic traits, suggesting that tourism management strategies could benefit from a nuanced approach to personality in marketing. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 679 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Determinants of Chinese Tourists’ Shopping Behavior During Shopping Tourism in Korea

by Qizhen Dong, Shuai Ling, Can Zheng, Yan Hu, Feng Lin and Seul Ki Lee

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 971; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100971 - 20 Oct 2024

Viewed by 831

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the factors influencing Chinese tourists’ shopping behavior during shopping tourism in Korea using a theoretical framework based on the modified theory of planned behavior (TPB). A quantitative research method was used; the questionnaire for this study was posted [...] Read more.

This study aimed to examine the factors influencing Chinese tourists’ shopping behavior during shopping tourism in Korea using a theoretical framework based on the modified theory of planned behavior (TPB). A quantitative research method was used; the questionnaire for this study was posted on Wenjuanxing for data collection and 269 valid questionnaires were analyzed in September 2024 using partial least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of analyzing the 269 questionnaires showed that attitude, conformity, perceived behavioral control, and perceived quality of goods influenced shopping intention. However, face consciousness did not affect shopping intentions. Additionally, Chinese tourists’ shopping intentions influenced their shopping behavior during shopping tourism in Korea. The results of this study reveal the potential mechanisms of the influence of shopping intentions with conformity (a factor of Chinese-subjective norms) and the perceived quality of goods (a new factor) in shopping behavior, and they provide theoretical guidance and appropriate marketing strategies for companies in the Korean tourism field. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1337 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Perceived Child-Friendly Communities Alleviate Adolescents’ Psychological Reactance

by Tiantian Liu, Shuge Xu, Lin Liu, Yue Chen and Wangwang Li

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100970 - 19 Oct 2024

Viewed by 735

Abstract

When children enter adolescence, their personality traits easily give rise to psychological reactance (PR). PR involves a desire for autonomy and independence, as well as an aversion to parental and social rules and restrictions. Factors that influence PR include physiological, familial, and social [...] Read more.

When children enter adolescence, their personality traits easily give rise to psychological reactance (PR). PR involves a desire for autonomy and independence, as well as an aversion to parental and social rules and restrictions. Factors that influence PR include physiological, familial, and social aspects. However, most studies on adolescent noncompliance have primarily focused on rebellious behavior. Little research has examined motivational state reactance, although its interaction with environmental perception can significantly affect adolescents’ lives. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the perceived friendliness of the community environment and cognitive processing at different quality of life (QoL) levels in relation to PR among adolescents. Propensity score matching was performed on a sample of 3546 adolescents, collected in Sanya, China. The results show that child-friendly communities (CFCs) had a significantly negative impact on adolescents’ PR levels. Additionally, QoL had a moderating effect, meaning that the higher the QoL, the stronger the role of a CFC in alleviating PR. In contrast to claims that PR is determined by temperament or character profiles, this study reveals the importance of environmental shaping through triadic reciprocal determinism and a focus on the key role of the community environment. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Family Functioning and Cohesion Scale: Validation of a Short Instrument for the Assessment of Intrafamily Relations

by Vagioula Tsoutsi and Dimitris Dikeos

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 969; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100969 - 19 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1563

Abstract

Most available scales for assessing family relationships are lengthy. Our aim was to develop and validate the Family Functioning and Cohesion Scale (FFCS), a self-reported, short instrument consisting of 14 items. The FFCS was validated through its administration to 481 subjects via an [...] Read more.

Most available scales for assessing family relationships are lengthy. Our aim was to develop and validate the Family Functioning and Cohesion Scale (FFCS), a self-reported, short instrument consisting of 14 items. The FFCS was validated through its administration to 481 subjects via an online platform. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.85 (ranging from 0.83 to 0.86 if any one item was deleted), signifying high internal consistency. The scale can be considered as a sole factor based on its high consistency, while factor analysis produced three factors corresponding to “communication”, “anger/resentment/aggression”, and “values and beliefs”. The test–retest reliability correlation coefficient was found to be 0.88 at a 2-week interval. Regarding external validity, the correlation coefficient of the FFCS with the general functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) was 0.83. The high measures of consistency, reliability, and validity of the FFCS, combined with its short length, make it a most valuable tool for use by researchers as well as by professionals dealing with families in psychiatry, psychology, social work, or other related fields. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Short-Form Video and Optimistic Bias on Engagement in Oral Health Prevention: Integrating a KAP Model

by Donghwa Chung, Jiaqi Wang and Yanfang Meng

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 968; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100968 - 18 Oct 2024

Viewed by 801

Abstract

College students are recognized as a demographic particularly susceptible to higher oral health risks due to irregular and unhealthy habits. While previous research has underscored these risks through descriptive studies within this group, a significant gap persists in the literature regarding the impact [...] Read more.

College students are recognized as a demographic particularly susceptible to higher oral health risks due to irregular and unhealthy habits. While previous research has underscored these risks through descriptive studies within this group, a significant gap persists in the literature regarding the impact of contemporary media, specifically oral-health-related content, on the engagement in oral health prevention among Chinese college students. To address this gap, this study, guided by the extended knowledge–attitude–practice (KAP) theory model, explores the direct, mediated, and serially mediated mechanisms through which exposure to oral health short-form videos on Douyin influences their participation in oral health prevention. An empirical cross-sectional online survey was conducted, with valid data (N = 421) analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression. Mediation and serial mediation analyses were also performed using SPSS version 25.0. The analysis revealed that exposure to oral health short-form videos had a positive direct effect on both oral health knowledge and the reduction of optimistic bias among Chinese college students. Furthermore, a significant serial mediation effect of oral health knowledge and oral health attitude was identified. The findings underscore the substantial applicability and explanatory power of the extended KAP theory model in understanding engagement in oral health prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Behavioural Science in Improving Public Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 270 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Validation of the Defending Behavior Scale of Cyberbullying for Adolescents

by Hong Chen, Chuan Chen, Yunduan Li and Cuiying Fan

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 967; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100967 - 18 Oct 2024

Viewed by 850

Abstract

In the context of cyberbullying, bystanders engage in a diverse array of defending behaviors, employing a range of strategies tailored to the specific forms of bullying they encounter. These defending behaviors have been demonstrated to effectively mitigate the adverse effects of cyberbullying on [...] Read more.

In the context of cyberbullying, bystanders engage in a diverse array of defending behaviors, employing a range of strategies tailored to the specific forms of bullying they encounter. These defending behaviors have been demonstrated to effectively mitigate the adverse effects of cyberbullying on victims. This study involved the development of the defending behavior scale of cyberbullying for adolescents and a subsequent assessment of the scale’s reliability and validity. Firstly, the structure of defending behavior was explored based on the results of in-depth interviews and previous studies in the literature. The defending behavior scale of cyberbullying for adolescents was then developed, and 550 middle school students were selected for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Secondly, 526 middle school students were selected for a series of reliability and validity analyses, including tests of convergent validity, discriminant validity, and structural validity, to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. The final version of the scale comprises 24 items distributed across four dimensions: emotional support, reporting authority, aggressive defending, and problem-solving. The four factors collectively account for 66.26% of the total variance. The internal consistency coefficient α of the scale was 0.92, with the internal consistency coefficients α of the dimensions being 0.88, 0.92, 0.92, 0.92, and 0.87, respectively. The scale demonstrated good convergent validity, discriminant validity, structural validity, and criterion validity. Finally, the scale has measurement equivalence across genders. The defending behavior scale of cyberbullying for adolescents was demonstrated to possess good reliability and validity, to meet the requirements of psychometrics, and to be suitable for use in measuring defending behavior in adolescent cyberbullying. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Developmental Psychology)

8 pages, 226 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation in Persons with Physical Disabilities

by Eun-Young Park

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 966; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100966 - 18 Oct 2024

Viewed by 608

Abstract

Suicidal ideation is a leading indicator of suicide risk, particularly among persons with disabilities, a population at high risk of suicide. This study aimed to identify factors affecting suicidal ideation among persons with physical disabilities in Korea. Data for this cross-sectional study were [...] Read more.

Suicidal ideation is a leading indicator of suicide risk, particularly among persons with disabilities, a population at high risk of suicide. This study aimed to identify factors affecting suicidal ideation among persons with physical disabilities in Korea. Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the Disability and Life Dynamics Panel. Eight hundred and twenty-eight persons with physical disabilities were extracted from the data, and seven hundred seventy people who responded to the suicidal ideation question were included in the analysis. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed. The results show a high percentage of suicidal ideation among persons with physical disabilities (18.5%). Among the general characteristics, more women were found to have suicidal ideation than men, and people in their 40s and 60s had a higher rate of suicidal ideation than other age groups. A lower educational level was found to be related to suicidal ideation. After controlling for general characteristics, depression increased the likelihood of suicidal ideation among individuals with physical disabilities. Economic difficulties and disability acceptance did not relate to suicidal ideation. Based on the results of this study, continuous observation of suicidal ideation in people with physical disabilities and early intervention programs for preventing depression and increasing disability acceptance are considered necessary. Full article

14 pages, 559 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity Behaviour and Motivation During and Following Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Repeated Measures Study

by Kristie Lee Alfrey, Benjamin Gardner, Jenni Judd, Christopher D. Askew, Corneel Vandelanotte and Amanda L. Rebar

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 965; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100965 - 17 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1093

Abstract

Background: Exercise rehabilitation programmes are important for long-term health and wellbeing among people with cardiac and pulmonary diseases. Despite this, many people struggle to maintain their physical activity once rehabilitation ends. This repeated measures study tracked changes in physical activity behaviour and motivation [...] Read more.

Background: Exercise rehabilitation programmes are important for long-term health and wellbeing among people with cardiac and pulmonary diseases. Despite this, many people struggle to maintain their physical activity once rehabilitation ends. This repeated measures study tracked changes in physical activity behaviour and motivation during and after completing a community-based exercise rehabilitation programme. Methods: Cardiac and pulmonary exercise rehabilitation patients (N = 31) completed six once-monthly measures of physical activity (MET·min), self-determined motivation, intention, and habit strength for rehabilitation exercise (within rehabilitation sessions) and lifestyle physical activity (outside of rehabilitation sessions). Linear regression and random effects models with estimated marginal means were used to test for associations between physical activity motivation and behaviour and change during and post-rehabilitation. Results: Overall physical activity decreased after rehabilitation (823 MET·min) despite patients becoming more self-determined for lifestyle physical activity during rehabilitation. More self-determined motivation, stronger intentions, and stronger habits were associated with more lifestyle physical activity behaviour. However, none of these motivation variables were significantly associated with rehabilitation exercise behaviour. Conclusions: Among community-based cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation patients, physical activity levels decreased following exercise rehabilitation programmes. The findings revealed clear distinctions in the motivation of rehabilitation exercise compared to lifestyle physical activity. Exercise rehabilitation programmes might improve the longevity of outcomes by integrating approaches to enhance lifestyle physical activity beyond the clinic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Behavioural Science in Improving Public Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 743 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trust Dynamics in Financial Decision Making: Behavioral Responses to AI and Human Expert Advice Following Structural Breaks

by Hyo Young Kim and Young Soo Park

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100964 - 17 Oct 2024

Viewed by 748

Abstract

This study explores the trust dynamics in financial forecasting by comparing how individuals perceive the credibility of AI and human experts during significant structural market changes. We specifically examine the impact of two types of structural breaks on trust: Additive Outliers, which represent [...] Read more.

This study explores the trust dynamics in financial forecasting by comparing how individuals perceive the credibility of AI and human experts during significant structural market changes. We specifically examine the impact of two types of structural breaks on trust: Additive Outliers, which represent a single yet significant anomaly, and Level Shifts, which indicate a sustained change in data patterns. Grounded in theoretical frameworks such as attribution theory, algorithm aversion, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this research investigates psychological responses to AI and human advice under uncertainty. This experiment involved 157 participants, recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), who were asked to forecast stock prices under different structural break scenarios. Participants were randomly assigned to either the AI or human expert treatment group, and the experiment was conducted online. Through this controlled experiment, we find that, while initial trust levels in AI and human experts are comparable, the credibility of advice is more severely compromised following a structural break in the Level Shift condition, compared to the Additive Outlier condition. Moreover, the decline in trust is more pronounced for human experts than for AI. These findings highlight the psychological factors influencing decision making under uncertainty and offer insights into the behavioral responses to AI and human expert systems during structural market changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employee Behavior on Digital-AI Transformation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 585 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Revisiting Compassion and Job Performance: A Constructive Study in South Korean Public Art Institutions

by Pilyun Ahn, Sung-Hoon Ko and Yongjun Choi

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 963; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100963 - 17 Oct 2024

Viewed by 604

Abstract

This study empirically examines how employee compassion relates to job performance. Specifically, this study is a constructive replication and expansion of a previous study on the relationship between compassion and job performance using multiple sources of measurement. It investigates unexplored pathways within the [...] Read more.

This study empirically examines how employee compassion relates to job performance. Specifically, this study is a constructive replication and expansion of a previous study on the relationship between compassion and job performance using multiple sources of measurement. It investigates unexplored pathways within the public art sector in South Korea. Focusing on the mediating roles of positive work-related identity (PWRI) and positive psychological capital, we collected data from public art institutions in Korea, including galleries and museums, using a survey method. We tested the hypotheses using structural equation modeling and the PROCESS bootstrapping method. Our findings demonstrate a positive association between compassion and job performance, serially mediated by PWRI and positive psychological capital. Theoretically, by constructively replicating and expanding the previous findings, our study contributes to a robust understanding of how compassion could enhance employee performance. Practically, this study reinforces the value of fostering compassion and positive psychological resources to improve job performance, particularly within the public art sector. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 338 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cultivating Leadership and Teamwork in Medical Students Through Rowing: A Phenomenological Study

by Hyo Jin Kwon and Su Jin Chae

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 962; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100962 - 17 Oct 2024

Viewed by 598

Abstract

This study was conducted to allow us to understand the subjective experiences of medical students participating in rowing exercise classes at a medical school in South Korea and to derive implications for medical education. Accordingly, we analyzed their reflective journals, focusing on leadership [...] Read more.

This study was conducted to allow us to understand the subjective experiences of medical students participating in rowing exercise classes at a medical school in South Korea and to derive implications for medical education. Accordingly, we analyzed their reflective journals, focusing on leadership and teamwork development. The study involved 40 second-year premedical students, and Colaizzi’s analysis was employed to understand and structure their experiences. The comprehensive analysis revealed 149 meaningful statements expressing students’ thoughts and experiences regarding the rowing exercise. From these statements, 13 meanings were synthesized, resulting in nine themes and four overarching categories, which provided a multilayered understanding of students’ experiences. The factors that enhanced teamwork included communication, trust, respect among team members, and a sense of responsibility. By contrast, the hindering factors were competitiveness, impatience, and avoidance of responsibility. Before the class, a mix of anticipation, excitement, and dissatisfaction regarding the rowing exercise course was observed. However, after the class, students realized that the role of the entire team, rather than individual ability, is crucial, and collaboration with peers is key—the concept of shared leadership. This study is significant in that it demonstrates rowing’s potential as a team sport to serve as an effective program for fostering collaboration and leadership within the medical school curriculum. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rethinking Leadership Development: Contributions from Theory and Research)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 658 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Parent–Child Relationships and Adolescents’ Non-Cognitive Skills: Role of Social Anxiety and Number of Friends

by Xiaoxue Kuang, Fen Ren, John Chi-Kin Lee and Hui Li

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 961; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100961 - 17 Oct 2024

Viewed by 929

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the association between parent–child relationships and adolescents’ non-cognitive skills, while also investigating the mediating effect of social anxiety and number of friends. A survey was conducted with 773 students, ranging from grade 4 to 9, in five public [...] Read more.

This study aimed to examine the association between parent–child relationships and adolescents’ non-cognitive skills, while also investigating the mediating effect of social anxiety and number of friends. A survey was conducted with 773 students, ranging from grade 4 to 9, in five public schools of Guangdong Province of China (49.9% male), with a mean age of 12.20 years old. Latent mediation structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that (1) the father–child relationship and mother–child relationship both had a positive influence on grit, innovation, conscientiousness, and hope; (2) social anxiety had a negative effect on adolescent non-cognitive skills including innovation, conscientiousness, and hope; (3) the number of positive friends was found to be positively associated with the development of non-cognitive skills in adolescents, whereas the presence of negative friends correlated negatively with grit but positively with innovation; (4) social anxiety emerged as a significant mediating variable between parent–child relationships and adolescents’ non-cognitive skills, including innovation, conscientiousness, and hope; and (5) the mediating effect of the number of positive friends on the relationship between parent–child relationships and grit, innovation, conscientiousness, and hope was also found to be significant. Educational programs and family interventions should take these factors into account, providing a more holistic approach to supporting adolescent growth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Positive Psychology Interventions in Schools)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Start Task Crafting, Stay Away from Cyberloafing: The Moderating Role of Supervisor Developmental Feedback

by Man Hai, Xuyao Wu, Bingping Zhou and Ye Li

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100960 - 17 Oct 2024

Viewed by 623

Abstract

Cyberloafing as a production deviance behavior raises organizational concerns. Unfortunately, it is unknown how to minimize cyberloafing from a bottom-up perspective, particularly different types of cyberloafing. This study draws on the job crafting and dual-process theory to construct a framework for understanding the [...] Read more.

Cyberloafing as a production deviance behavior raises organizational concerns. Unfortunately, it is unknown how to minimize cyberloafing from a bottom-up perspective, particularly different types of cyberloafing. This study draws on the job crafting and dual-process theory to construct a framework for understanding the relationship between task crafting and passive–active cyberloafing, as well as their boundary condition (i.e., supervisor developmental feedback). We adopted a convenient sampling method, following a two-stage sampling with a time interval of 2 weeks. A sample of 614 full-time employed adults were recruited from the online survey. The results showed that: (1) Task crafting was negatively related to passive and active cyberloafing, respectively. (2) The impact of task crafting on passive cyberloafing rather than active cyberloafing was moderated by supervisor developmental feedback, such that task crafting had significant negative relations with passive cyberloafing when supervisor developmental feedback was higher (vs. lower). Overall, our research findings indicate that passive cyberloafing seems more sensitive to the organizational environment than active cyberloafing, thus different types of cyberloafing have different intervention strategies. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 871 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Do Chinese Preschool Children Love Their Motherland? Evidence from the Game-Based Assessment

by Qianqian Liu and Xiumin Hong

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 959; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100959 - 16 Oct 2024

Viewed by 570

Abstract

Patriotism is a topic of significant importance in many countries around the world. Preschool children play a crucial role in shaping the future, and their patriotism is closely linked to the future development of their nation. Currently, the game-based assessment has advantages over [...] Read more.

Patriotism is a topic of significant importance in many countries around the world. Preschool children play a crucial role in shaping the future, and their patriotism is closely linked to the future development of their nation. Currently, the game-based assessment has advantages over traditional evaluation methods and is more suitable for preschool children. This study employed a game-based assessment method to investigate patriotism among preschool children aged 3 to 6 years in China. The results indicated that their levels of patriotism were above average and tended to increase with age. Preschool children in the capital region scored higher on national cognitive mastery. However, preschool children’s understanding of patriotism remains somewhat vague, and they often articulate and express their patriotism through concrete examples. Four types of patriotism among preschool children were identified: high-level patriotism, cognitive-based patriotism, emotional-based patriotism, and low-level patriotism. The findings of this study contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of patriotism in preschool children and provide an evidence-based reference for the development of patriotic education. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2757 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shedding Light on the Aftermath: Childhood Maltreatment’s Role in Modifying the Association Between Recent Life Stress and Resting-State Network Connectivity

by Jingjing Luo, Jianjun Zhu, The NSPN Consortium and Yuanyuan Chen

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100958 - 16 Oct 2024

Viewed by 660

Abstract

Childhood maltreatment has been demonstrated to impact brain development. However, whether childhood maltreatment can influence the effects of recent stress on brain networks remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether childhood maltreatment moderates the longitudinal relationship between recent life stress and within- [...] Read more.

Childhood maltreatment has been demonstrated to impact brain development. However, whether childhood maltreatment can influence the effects of recent stress on brain networks remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether childhood maltreatment moderates the longitudinal relationship between recent life stress and within- and between-network connectivity in key brain networks, including the anterior salience (ASN), central executive (CEN), default mode (DMN), and emotional regulation network (ERN). A cohort of 172 individuals from the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN) underwent MRI scans at two specific time points and undertook evaluations of childhood maltreatment and recent life stress. The results showed that childhood abuse moderated the association of recent life stress with the within-network connectivity of ASN and ERN but not DMN and CEN. Furthermore, recent life stress significantly interacted with childhood abuse to be associated with the between-network connectivity of ASN-DMN, ASN-CEN, ASN-ERN, DMN-ERN and CEN-ERN. Overall, among youth exposed to higher degrees of childhood abuse, greater recent life stress was longitudinally associated with increased network connectivity. Understanding these interactions can provide valuable insights for developing prevention strategies and interventions aimed at mitigating the lasting impact of childhood maltreatment on brain development and overall well-being. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1562 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment and Treatment of Target Behavior Maintained by Social Avoidance

by Sarah K. Slocum, Emily Gottlieb, Mindy Scheithauer and Colin Muething

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 957; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100957 - 16 Oct 2024

Viewed by 526

Abstract

Past research has identified that some individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who engage in target behavior (e.g., aggression, self-injury) maintained by negative reinforcement engage in the behavior to escape or avoid social interaction specifically (i.e., social avoidance). However, assessment and treatment strategies [...] Read more.

Past research has identified that some individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who engage in target behavior (e.g., aggression, self-injury) maintained by negative reinforcement engage in the behavior to escape or avoid social interaction specifically (i.e., social avoidance). However, assessment and treatment strategies for this function are understudied when compared to target behavior maintained by other forms of negative reinforcement. The current study builds on this limited research and demonstrates (a) a replication of functional analysis conditions and a negative reinforcement latency assessment to identify the specific types of social interaction that evoke target behavior, and (b) an intervention that includes stimulus fading, social conditioning, and differential reinforcement for five participants with autism spectrum disorder. Participant target behavior decreased within the intervention phase for four out of five participants. The implications of strategies to guide the use of antecedent-based treatment strategies are discussed for target behavior maintained by social avoidance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment and Treatment of Challenging Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1143 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of AI Usage on University Students’ Willingness for Autonomous Learning

by Ling Wang and Wenye Li

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100956 - 16 Oct 2024

Viewed by 5390

Abstract

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology becomes increasingly integrated into education, understanding the theoretical mechanisms that drive university students to adopt new learning behaviors through these tools is essential. This study extends the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) by incorporating both cognitive and affective variables to [...] Read more.

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology becomes increasingly integrated into education, understanding the theoretical mechanisms that drive university students to adopt new learning behaviors through these tools is essential. This study extends the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) by incorporating both cognitive and affective variables to examine students’ current AI usage and their future expectations. The model includes intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, focusing on three key factors: positive emotions, digital efficacy, and willingness for autonomous learning. A survey of 721 valid responses revealed that positive emotions, digital efficacy, and satisfaction significantly influence continued AI usage, with positive emotions being particularly critical. Digital efficacy and perceived usefulness also impact satisfaction, but long-term usage intentions are more effectively driven by positive emotions. Furthermore, digital efficacy strongly affects the willingness for autonomous learning. Therefore, higher education institutions should promote AI technology, enhance students’ expectation-confirmation levels, and emphasize positive emotional experiences during AI use. Adopting a “human–machine symbiosis” model can foster active learning, personalized learning pathways, and the development of students’ digital efficacy and innovation capabilities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Supporting Student Learning in Postsecondary Education)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

47 pages, 680 KiB

Open AccessReview

Maximizing the Impact and ROI of Leadership Development: A Theory- and Evidence-Informed Framework

by Jaason M. Geerts

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100955 - 16 Oct 2024

Viewed by 2913

Abstract

Globally, organizations invest an estimated USD 60 billion annually in leadership development; however, the workplace application of learning is typically low, and many programs underperform or fail, resulting in wasted time and money and potential harm. This article presents a novel theory- and [...] Read more.

Globally, organizations invest an estimated USD 60 billion annually in leadership development; however, the workplace application of learning is typically low, and many programs underperform or fail, resulting in wasted time and money and potential harm. This article presents a novel theory- and evidence-informed framework to maximize the outcomes and return on investment (ROI) of leadership development programs. The foundation of the framework derives from four separate literature reviews: three systematic reviews on leadership development, including the only two to isolate gold-standard elements of effective design, delivery, and evaluation, and one on “training transfer”. Informed by innovative principles of leadership development and unique theoretical models and frameworks, this framework consists of 65 evidence-informed strategies that can be applied as a foundation (9), and before (23), during (17), at the conclusion of (11), and sometime after (5), programs, to maximize impact and ROI. Implications for practice and further research are also presented. Given the stakes, there is an urgent need for evidence and tools to maximize the impact and ROI of leadership development. This novel framework provides robust theory- and evidence-informed guidance for governments, policymakers, and those funding, designing, delivering, and supporting development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rethinking Leadership Development: Contributions from Theory and Research)

13 pages, 242 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aspects of Quality of Life: Single vs. Mated People

by Menelaos Apostolou, Burcu Tekeş, Antonios Kagialis and Timo Juhani Lajunen

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 954; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100954 - 16 Oct 2024

Viewed by 634

Abstract

Not having an intimate partner constitutes a common state in contemporary post-industrial societies. The current research aimed to address the question of whether single people score higher than mated people in various dimensions of quality of life. For this purpose, we employed quantitative [...] Read more.

Not having an intimate partner constitutes a common state in contemporary post-industrial societies. The current research aimed to address the question of whether single people score higher than mated people in various dimensions of quality of life. For this purpose, we employed quantitative research methods, measuring different aspects of quality of life that we treated as the dependent variables, with relationship status as the independent variable. In a sample of 1929 participants from Greece and Turkey, we found that relationship status was not significantly associated with physical health, relationships with friends and family, self-development, independence, recreation, or participation in social and communal activities. On the other hand, it was significantly associated with material goods, disposable income, social support, sexual satisfaction, and having children, with mated people scoring higher than single people. Despite using different methodologies for data collection, similar results were obtained in the two cultural contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Mate Choice, Romantic Relationships and Sexuality)

12 pages, 831 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Secondary Female Anorgasmia in Patients with Obsessive Traits: A Study

by Giulio Perrotta and Stefano Eleuteri

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 953; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100953 - 16 Oct 2024

Viewed by 756

Abstract

Background: In the literature, female anorgasmia (AO) is closely related to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but no publication has explored the role of individual obsessive traits that may also be typical of other disorders, assuming that repetitive thoughts and compulsions must necessarily correspond [...] Read more.

Background: In the literature, female anorgasmia (AO) is closely related to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but no publication has explored the role of individual obsessive traits that may also be typical of other disorders, assuming that repetitive thoughts and compulsions must necessarily correspond to an obsessive-type neurotic profile. It is worth investigating and assessing the specific weight of other morbid conditions involved, beyond OCD. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted during 2022–2023 by selecting 208 Italian clinical patients from private databases. They submitted to individual clinical interviews and two psychometric questionnaires (Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews 3, PICI-3-TA, and Perrotta Individual Sexual Matrix Questionnaire, PSM-Q). Results: Among the 208 patients (M: 39.05 years), divided into subgroups by age and obsessive symptomatology, no significant differences were found between the subgroups in the comparisons of the data obtained from the administration of the PSM-Q. Conclusions: This study confirms that it is not OCD that correlates with OA but obsessive traits, which are also common to other psychopathological disorders, such as bipolar disorder, borderline disorder, manic, and psychotic disorders and, therefore, in psychotherapy, it is necessary to intervene with a clinical approach that has in mind the patient’s psychopathological personality picture and the causes that originated or reinforced OA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychological Well-Being and Mental Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 1601 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Algorithmic Management Influences Gig Workers’ Job Crafting

by Rong Liu and Haorong Yin

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100952 - 15 Oct 2024

Viewed by 904

Abstract

Algorithmic management, as a digital management tool in the gig economy, has become a hotspot of concern at the intersection of theory and practice. However, there is a lack of research on the mechanisms and boundary conditions through which algorithmic management affects gig [...] Read more.

Algorithmic management, as a digital management tool in the gig economy, has become a hotspot of concern at the intersection of theory and practice. However, there is a lack of research on the mechanisms and boundary conditions through which algorithmic management affects gig workers’ job crafting. Based on the social information processing theory, this study constructed a dual-mediation model of how algorithmic management influences gig workers’ job crafting through gameful experience and perceived job autonomy. Data from 687 valid samples were collected through a two-stage survey and statistically analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results demonstrate that algorithmic management increases gig workers’ promotion-focused job crafting behaviors (increasing job resources and challenging job demands) by stimulating their gameful experiences and increases gig workers’ prevention-focused job crafting behaviors (decreasing hindering job demands) by inhibiting their perceived job autonomy. In addition, the higher-order personality trait core self-evaluation moderates the relationship between algorithmic management and gameful experience and perceived job autonomy, as well as the indirect effects of algorithmic management on job crafting through gameful experiences and perceived job autonomy. This study advances empirical research on algorithmic management in the field of the gig economy and human resource management practices. Crucially, it provides practical insights for optimizing algorithmic systems in platform companies, potentially enhancing their efficiency and economic benefits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Organizational Behaviors)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 265 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Discursive Configuration of the Therapeutic Community for Substance Users: Positioning and Ethnopsychological Processes Concerning Entry

by Antonio Iudici, Tobia Berardelli, Davide Fenini, Emiliano Subissi and Jessica Neri

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 951; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100951 - 15 Oct 2024

Viewed by 565

Abstract

Therapeutic communities face high drop-out rates and general distrust of their effectiveness among substance users. Actively involving users early in treatment promotes greater compliance with the treatment and is predictive of better outcomes. However, users often occupy a passive and subordinate role, exacerbated [...] Read more.

Therapeutic communities face high drop-out rates and general distrust of their effectiveness among substance users. Actively involving users early in treatment promotes greater compliance with the treatment and is predictive of better outcomes. However, users often occupy a passive and subordinate role, exacerbated by the lack of research that explores their perspectives, beliefs, and experiences. This study examined the discourses of 57 consumers who were part of a community for less than 15 days, investigating the meanings attributed to service entry and treatment. A protocol of four written open-ended questions was employed and analysed through discourse analysis and positioning theory. The results indicate that participants configure the community as a place symbolically and spatially distinct from the rest of the world, where they isolate themselves to seek support during times of extreme difficulty. However, what they are seeking is a solution to acute distress caused by substance use, intertwined with social, economic, and relational issues. The concept of treatment is built on the image of the substance user as an individual making a weak request for help, attributing the problem solely to drugs and exhibiting reduced agency in addressing their issues. The collected texts provide a better understanding of the experiences of new users, highlighting the importance of co-constructing personalised projects that empower consumers to feel actively involved in their own change, exploring their theories and definitions of self to structure pathways based strictly on their needs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Behavioral Change to Improve Health Outcomes)

12 pages, 1339 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Item Strength on Retrieval-Induced Forgetting in Social Interaction

by Yue Chu, Hui Xu, Weihai Tang and Xiping Liu

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100950 - 15 Oct 2024

Viewed by 566

Abstract

Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) refers to the phenomenon in which people retrieve information, but forget related information. RIF also occurs when people interact with each other. In social interactions, information recalled by the speaker can lead the listener to forget related information, a phenomenon [...] Read more.

Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) refers to the phenomenon in which people retrieve information, but forget related information. RIF also occurs when people interact with each other. In social interactions, information recalled by the speaker can lead the listener to forget related information, a phenomenon known as socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting (SS-RIF). How does SS-RIF occur? Does it have similar mechanisms to RIF? By observing SS-RIF and RIF with different item strengths, this study investigated the mechanisms of SS-RIF. Item strength was manipulated based on exemplar taxonomic frequency, with high-frequency exemplars designated as strong items and low-frequency exemplars as weak. Experiment 1 found that only strong items exhibited SS-RIF and RIF, while weak items did not exhibit either SS-RIF or RIF. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to restudy the materials, and only the strong items still exhibited SS-RIF and RIF. Additionally, the magnitude of SS-RIF observed in Experiment 2 was similar to that observed in Experiment 1, as well as the performance on RIF. The findings of this study provide evidence for the inhibition mechanism of both SS-RIF and RIF, indicating a shared underlying mechanism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship between Marital Satisfaction and Spiritual Well-Being of Chinese Older Adults: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Security and Aging Expectations

by Longxing Tang, Yachi Yang, Zhiwei An, Yalian Huang and Ping Tang

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 949; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100949 - 15 Oct 2024

Viewed by 717

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between marital satisfaction and spiritual well-being in older adults and the role of psychological security and aging expectations in older adult relationships. A convenient sample cross-sectional research method collected data from 367 older adults in Sichuan Province, China. [...] Read more.

This study explores the relationship between marital satisfaction and spiritual well-being in older adults and the role of psychological security and aging expectations in older adult relationships. A convenient sample cross-sectional research method collected data from 367 older adults in Sichuan Province, China. A chain mediation model was constructed using quantitative analysis methods to test the relationship between marital satisfaction and older adults’ spiritual well-being and the potential mediating roles of psychological security and aging expectations. The research conclusions are as follows: marital satisfaction positively correlates with spiritual well-being, and psychological security and aging expectations play independent chain mediating roles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embracing Aging in Place: Fostering Healthy Cognitive Aging in the Community)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 566 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dating Violence and the Quality of Relationships through Adolescence: A Longitudinal Latent Class Study

by Carmen Viejo, Rosario Ortega-Ruiz and María Sánchez-Zafra

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100948 - 15 Oct 2024

Viewed by 718

Abstract

Dating violence can manifest itself in different ways, with important consequences for both members of the couple. Due to the normalization of certain behaviour and the perceived quality of the relationship, it may be difficult to identify this violent dynamic in its early [...] Read more.

Dating violence can manifest itself in different ways, with important consequences for both members of the couple. Due to the normalization of certain behaviour and the perceived quality of the relationship, it may be difficult to identify this violent dynamic in its early stages, allowing it to escalate and lead to severe levels of violent behaviour. This study aims to analyse violent profiles using latent class analysis (LCA) and explore the role of relationship quality variables as risk factors for those profiles. A two-stage longitudinal design was used with a sample of 2849 Spanish adolescents between 12 and 18 years old. The LCA produced five different groups: those not involved in violence; those involved in mild forms of violence (with two sub-groups: those involved in psychological–sexual violence and in psychological–physical violence); and those involved in the most severe forms of violence, with a co-occurrence of psychological–physical–sexual violence (with two sub-groups, according to the higher of lower frequency of involvement). Despite the differences between boys and girls, negative-quality variables played a more important role in dating violence. Discussion of the results focuses on both the complex nature of the violence and the multi-probabilistic view of its development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Risk Behaviors in Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Romantic Relationships)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2804 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predicting the Risk of Loneliness in Children and Adolescents: A Machine Learning Study

by Jie Zhang, Xinyi Feng, Wenhe Wang, Shudan Liu, Qin Zhang, Di Wu and Qin Liu

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 947; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100947 - 15 Oct 2024

Viewed by 891

Abstract

Background: Loneliness is increasingly emerging as a significant public health problem in children and adolescents. Predicting loneliness and finding its risk factors in children and adolescents is lacking and necessary, and would greatly help determine intervention actions. Objective: This study aimed to find [...] Read more.

Background: Loneliness is increasingly emerging as a significant public health problem in children and adolescents. Predicting loneliness and finding its risk factors in children and adolescents is lacking and necessary, and would greatly help determine intervention actions. Objective: This study aimed to find appropriate machine learning techniques to predict loneliness and its associated risk factors among schoolchildren. Methods: The data were collected from an ongoing prospective puberty cohort that was established in Chongqing, Southwest China. This study used 822 subjects (46.84% boys, age range: 11–16) followed in 2019. Five models, (a) random forest, (b) extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), (c) logistic regression, (d) neural network, and (e) support vector machine were applied to predict loneliness. A total of 39 indicators were collected and 28 predictors were finally included for prediction after data pre-processing, including demographic, parental relationship, mental health, pubertal development, behaviors, and environmental factors. Model performance was determined by accuracy and AUC. Additionally, random forest and XGBoost were applied to identify the important factors. The XGBoost algorithm with SHAP was also used to interpret the results of our ML model. Results: All machine learning performed with favorable accuracy. Compared to random forest (AUC: 0.87 (95%CI: 0.80, 0.93)), logistic regression (AUC: 0.80 (95%CI: 0.70, 0.89)), neural network (AUC: 0.80 (95%CI: 0.71, 0.89)), and support vector machine (AUC: 0.79 (95%CI: 0.79, 0.89)), XGBoost algorithm had the highest AUC values 0.87 (95%CI: 0.80, 0.93) in the test set, although the difference was not significant between models. Peer communication, index of general affect, peer alienation, and internet addiction were the top four significant factors of loneliness in children and adolescents. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that machine learning has considerable potential to predict loneliness in children. This may be valuable for the early identification and intervention of loneliness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Global Mental Health Trends)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 555 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes

by James Coleman, Clifford J. Mallett, Niklas K. Steffens and S. Alexander Haslam

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 946; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100946 - 14 Oct 2024

Viewed by 765

Abstract

This paper outlines a novel method for leadership researchers and practitioners to understand how and why effective and ineffective leadership look different in different groups. Leadership is a complex and contextually dependent process influenced by the interplay between leaders, followers, the group, and [...] Read more.

This paper outlines a novel method for leadership researchers and practitioners to understand how and why effective and ineffective leadership look different in different groups. Leadership is a complex and contextually dependent process influenced by the interplay between leaders, followers, the group, and their environment. The social identity approach to leadership describes how a group’s identity shapes the ways in which people can lead effectively. It also implies that (in)effective leadership looks different across diverse groups and teams. Accordingly, it follows that there is no single correct way to lead. To explore these ideas, we propose ethnographic methods, where researchers and practitioners immerse themselves in a group environment, as a novel type of method for examining leadership in action. We suggest the social identity approach as a framework to help guide researchers’ data collection and sense-making of leadership behaviours. Additionally, we explain that ethnographic data can be represented well through creative non-fiction stories that capture the context surrounding leadership behaviours. These stories could support leadership consultancy and development programs to demonstrate the complex interplay between leaders, followers, and the group context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rethinking Leadership Development: Contributions from Theory and Research)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Online Pandemic-Related Information on Prosocial Behavior among Healthcare Students: The Role of Emotional Contagion and Epistemic Motivation

by Shiyu Zhou, Jing Chang, Yang Yang, Yue Han, Chang Liu, Yuchen Jiao, Yao Meng and Yan Ji

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 945; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100945 - 14 Oct 2024

Viewed by 613

Abstract

Prosocial behavior is fundamental for healthcare students, shaped by their traits and the external environment. Online information seeking is the most commonly used way for healthcare students to access pandemics; however, it is unclear whether the willingness of healthcare students to help others [...] Read more.

Prosocial behavior is fundamental for healthcare students, shaped by their traits and the external environment. Online information seeking is the most commonly used way for healthcare students to access pandemics; however, it is unclear whether the willingness of healthcare students to help others will be affected by pandemic information via the Internet environment. The current study takes the COVID-19 pandemic as an example, investigating how 81 healthcare students with varying prosocial tendencies behaved helpfully after being exposed to pandemic-related pictures online. Study 1 measured the influence of emotional contagion (positive emotion/negative emotion) from online information on students’ prosocial behavior; Study 2 examined online information’s influence on prosocial behavior by controlling individuals’ epistemic motivation (goal-directed task/no-goal-directed task) to gain pandemic information. The results indicated that negative pandemic information was more likely to influence students with low prosocial tendencies, which would then lead to a decrease in prosocial actions (F = 7.842, p = 0.005). Further, students with low prosocial tendencies were more likely to engage in prosocial behavior when they did not aim goal-directed attention to the pandemic-related information, compared to those with goal-directed attention (F = 9.159, p = 0.003). Participants with high prosocial tendencies did not differ much in helping others (p > 0.05). The results indicated that only healthcare students with limited prosocial tendencies were less inclined to assist others after receiving negative information about the pandemic. Thus, reducing their deliberate approach to online information related to the pandemic will increase their chances of taking prosocial behavior. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Behav. Sci., Volume 14, Issue 10 (October 2024) – 117 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI