Administrative Sciences

22 pages, 2638 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Future Skills of Flight Attendants in Times of COVID-19-Related Job Uncertainty—The Case of Germany

by Kirsten Friederike Bremer and Sven Ulrich Maertens

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040154 - 17 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 8301

“Future skills” increase employees’ prospects in the labor market, particularly in dynamic times, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. (Not only) in Germany, flight attendants represent an occupational group without state-recognized vocational occupation who are particularly affected by the pandemic due to serious [...] Read more.

“Future skills” increase employees’ prospects in the labor market, particularly in dynamic times, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. (Not only) in Germany, flight attendants represent an occupational group without state-recognized vocational occupation who are particularly affected by the pandemic due to serious and long-lasting declines in air transport volumes. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the future skills of flight attendants play an important role when applying for jobs in other industries. An empirical survey (n = 273) from April 2021 indicates that German-speaking flight attendants possess some of the future skills most frequently identified in key studies on future competencies, as well as extensive language skills, but have deficits in “working with computer systems” and “programming”. Pro-active training of employees in future skills, especially in crisis-prone professions, could facilitate future transitions into new professional fields. Full article

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27 pages, 1060 KiB

Open AccessReview

Collaboration among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises as Part of Internationalization: A Systematic Review

by Luciana Gondim de Almeida Guimarães, Pierre Blanchet and Yan Cimon

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040153 - 14 Dec 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 8210

Abstract

This article performs a systematic review of the research literature on the forms of collaboration among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) so that they reach the foreign market, since there is a lack of research focusing on the collaborative relationship between national companies [...] Read more.

This article performs a systematic review of the research literature on the forms of collaboration among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) so that they reach the foreign market, since there is a lack of research focusing on the collaborative relationship between national companies as a strategic option for accessing the foreign market. In addition, we analyzed the articles to conceptually synthesized the elements that make up the business models of these collaborative forms of operating in the foreign market. Likewise, we analyzed real cases of collaborative processes among SMEs for the foreign market and highlight the contributions of governments in promoting actions to support these collaborations. We also show some directions for future research that were pointed out by the articles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Collaboration Networks, Organizations, and Innovation)

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24 pages, 1101 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Cultural Capital on Development of Entrepreneurship in Wales

by Balaussa Azubayeva

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040152 - 13 Dec 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4424

Abstract

The focus of this paper is the impact of parental cultural capital on offspring’s occupational choice in relation to entrepreneurship. Despite growing interest to cultural motives for entrepreneurship on an individual level, few studies link these two domains empirically. This study follows the [...] Read more.

The focus of this paper is the impact of parental cultural capital on offspring’s occupational choice in relation to entrepreneurship. Despite growing interest to cultural motives for entrepreneurship on an individual level, few studies link these two domains empirically. This study follows the Culture Based Development research paradigm (CBD) developed by Tubadji and explores how culture influences occupational choices of school graduates during school-to-work transition. The main hypothesis of this paper is that sons of entrepreneurs are more likely to choose transitions into entrepreneurship after graduating school. I test three hypotheses on a unique historic dataset from Wales, UK, employing Probit analysis. I found a significant correlation between entrepreneurial background of father and son’s entrepreneurial entry. Poor socio-economic status of a father is also a predictor of entry into entrepreneurship of their son, motivated by necessity. The findings of this research contributed to the applicability of CBD to a historic dataset of earlier periods to capture a significant cultural impact on entrepreneurship development in Wales, UK. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Behaviour of Places and People—A CBD Perspective on Entrepreneurship)

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16 pages, 317 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Media for Engaging and Educating: From Universities’ Sustainability Reporting to Dialogic Communication

by Patrizia Di Tullio, Matteo La Torre and Michele Antonio Rea

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040151 - 9 Dec 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3947

Abstract

Traditionally, universities are committed to the missions of conducting research and teaching. Recently, they were also called to contribute to supporting sustainable development in society. Many universities worldwide have experienced sustainability and social reporting practices to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability. However, while [...] Read more.

Traditionally, universities are committed to the missions of conducting research and teaching. Recently, they were also called to contribute to supporting sustainable development in society. Many universities worldwide have experienced sustainability and social reporting practices to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability. However, while sustainability reporting represents the primary means to communicate this commitment externally, research has barely unveiled how universities use other communication technologies, such as social media. This study investigates how universities use social media to engage their stakeholders in their sustainability initiatives and how this is associated with their sustainability reporting practices. We examine some best practices from Italian public universities, which, in addition to their experience in sustainability reporting, use social media (i.e., Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) to create a dialogue with their stakeholders about sustainability. We find that sustainability reporting is often the seed to instil innovative means for stakeholder engagement through social media. The universities with long-standing and continuous sustainability reporting experience use social media to enhance their communication, engage stakeholders and thereby improve their sustainability reporting practices. More worthily, we find that social media is also used as an educational tool to make people aware and foster a culture of sustainability in society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Social Responsibility, Stakeholder Engagement, and Universities)

16 pages, 1473 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Reprioritising Sustainable Development Goals in the Post-COVID-19 Global Context: Will a Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility Regime Help?

by Rajiv Nair, P.K Viswanathan and Bettina Lynda Bastian

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040150 - 8 Dec 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4917

Abstract

The impact of COVID-19 on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) continues to be researched. Initial signals warn of significant setbacks in achieving SDG targets by 2030. The achievement of SDGs could abet improved protection from future pandemics. This article suggests reprioritizing [...] Read more.

The impact of COVID-19 on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) continues to be researched. Initial signals warn of significant setbacks in achieving SDG targets by 2030. The achievement of SDGs could abet improved protection from future pandemics. This article suggests reprioritizing SDGs to facilitate a more robust global response to future pandemics. Specifically, we recommend that SDGs 3, 6, 5 and 4 (in that order) are prioritized in order to optimize efforts at a more inclusive and resilient socio-economic recovery post-pandemic. This paper suggests that mandatory CSR regimes enable governments, in combination with corporate fiscal resources, to influence the selection and progress of these SDGs. The case of India’s mandatory CSR regime is employed to illustrate our position. This study extends the debate on SDGs by raising the possibility of universal concentration on a few critical SDGs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women, Empowerment and Entrepreneurship Development in Emerging Economies and the Global South)

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23 pages, 320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simplification of Administrative Procedures through Fully Automated Decision-Making: The Case of Norway

by Emily M. Weitzenboeck

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040149 - 7 Dec 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4591

Abstract

Norway has a high degree of digitalisation. In the public sector, there is a long tradition of automation of parts of case management. This includes automation of cases where a public sector body makes a so-called individual administrative decision, that is, a decision [...] Read more.

Norway has a high degree of digitalisation. In the public sector, there is a long tradition of automation of parts of case management. This includes automation of cases where a public sector body makes a so-called individual administrative decision, that is, a decision made in the exercise of public authority through which the rights or duties of one or more specified private persons are determined. In the last five years, various amendments to public sector legislation were proposed by a number of government departments and agencies in Norway to ensure that the relative administrative agency has a legal basis to carry out fully automated individual decisions. This is challenging both from an administrative law and from a data protection law standpoint. Among the main reasons for the move towards fully automated legal decision-making that are mentioned in the preparatory works to the proposed amendments are greater efficiency in decision-making, equal treatment of citizens and a claim that such decisions will be less prone to error than human decisions. This paper examines this trend in Norway and identifies the statutes and regulations that have been amended or are in the process of being amended. It analyses the measures specified in these amendments to safeguard the individual party’s rights, freedoms and legitimate interests. Finally, it discusses the tightrope that must be walked to safeguard important administrative law principles and rules such as protection from arbitrary decisions, the audi alternam partem rule and the right under the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation not to be subject to fully automated decisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simplification of Administrative Procedures – in Search of Efficiency, Public Interest Protection and Legitimate Expectations)

19 pages, 1186 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comprehensive Opportunity Assessment Using Commercial and Moral Intensities

by Richard J. Arend

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040148 - 6 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2917

Abstract

We propose a partial theory explaining the processing of opportunities by individuals in organizations, specifically for opportunities with both commercial and moral significance (measured as intensities). The goal of such theorizing is to identify and analyze the range of interactions that the [...] Read more.

We propose a partial theory explaining the processing of opportunities by individuals in organizations, specifically for opportunities with both commercial and moral significance (measured as intensities). The goal of such theorizing is to identify and analyze the range of interactions that the ethical and economic impacts of an opportunity can have so that managers can make better decisions on their exploitation and modification. We explain why and how there is variance in the processing of the ideas behind such opportunities as caused by their moral and commercial intensities. We explain the likely interactions between those two intensities, and when they occur and what can result. Doing so complements work in social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility by filling the gaps of the possible combinations of economic and ethical interactions. We provide these explanations by leveraging a precedent model that had adapted a standard knowledge-processing method to ethical decision-making issues. The explanations resonate because our model leverages the traditional textbook entrepreneurship opportunity evaluation criteria to provide a holistic view of an underlying idea’s commercial intensity, a view that aligns with the driving assumption that the focal decision-makers are boundedly rational. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Strategic Management)

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15 pages, 816 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Corporate Social Responsibility Engagement through Social Media. Evidence from the University of Salerno

by Benedetta Esposito, Maria Rosaria Sessa, Daniela Sica and Ornella Malandrino

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040147 - 4 Dec 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3857

Abstract

Over the last few decades, stakeholders’ growing attention towards social and environmental issues has challenged universities’ traditional accountability boundaries, imposing the adoption of innovative reporting tools that facilitate stakeholders’ engagement in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices and performances. Against this backdrop, online communication [...] Read more.

Over the last few decades, stakeholders’ growing attention towards social and environmental issues has challenged universities’ traditional accountability boundaries, imposing the adoption of innovative reporting tools that facilitate stakeholders’ engagement in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices and performances. Against this backdrop, online communication tools, such as websites and social media platforms, have gained momentum as a pivotal means to increase dialogue with the myriad of stakeholders, especially during the pandemic period, as it has dramatically reduced physical interactions. Based on these premises, this study aims to dive deep into the use of social media to communicate CSR strategies in the university context by exploring the case of the University of Salerno. To this end, all posts published by the University of Salerno’s official Twitter account from 2015 to 2021 have been extracted and analyzed. Accordingly, the degree of interactions with stakeholders and the communication direction and balance level have been examined based on Carroll’s pyramid. Findings show a higher level of engagement for CSR posts and, in particular, for the philanthropic dimension. Results also highlight that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the University of Salerno has empowered CSR disclosure through Twitter. The methodology adopted could be replicated for other universities to understand better how public universities use social media to involve a broader range of stakeholders in their CSR practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Social Responsibility, Stakeholder Engagement, and Universities)

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12 pages, 420 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Business Model Innovation: Strategic Expansion of German Small and Medium Wineries into Hospitality and Tourism

by Marc Dressler and Ivan Paunovíc

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040146 - 3 Dec 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3912

Abstract

This article provides insights into the modalities of business-model change and innovation. On the basis of an analysis of empirical data of small and medium enterprises, a transition from wine production centrism to its expanded use in hospitality and tourism is explored. Previous [...] Read more.

This article provides insights into the modalities of business-model change and innovation. On the basis of an analysis of empirical data of small and medium enterprises, a transition from wine production centrism to its expanded use in hospitality and tourism is explored. Previous research on wine tourism and hospitality predominantly focuses on a destination perspective, neglecting the organizational winery perspective. The article deploys a mixed methods approach, combining netnography and a content analysis for data collection with grounded research and clustering for theory building. The sample size included 885 German wineries. Data stemmed from two distinct sources (websites and a secondary publication in form of a wine guide) and has been analyzed through a two-step clustering algorithm as well as a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The two-step clustering algorithm resulted in nine different business models while the PCA analysis grouped the variables into the following two categories: basic winery business model (BM) and BM extension into hospitality and tourism, thereby validating the difference between the two constructs. The results point to the diverse nature of business model extensions of wineries in tourism and hospitality, depending on their organizational type and size. This study offers a classification of small and medium sized enterprise’s strategic business model expansion, and explores the expansion of the wine industry through wine hospitality and tourism services, starting with the winery organizational perspective, which has not been done before. Full article

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11 pages, 227 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Female Immigrant Entrepreneurship: The Experience of Chinese Migrants to Australia

by Margaret Patrickson and Leonie Hallo

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040145 - 3 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2957

Abstract

This article reports on findings from interviews with a small group of Chinese female immigrants to Australia who have started up their own business since their arrival. Unlike most publications concerning immigration that focus upon financial factors, we have instead concentrated on their [...] Read more.

This article reports on findings from interviews with a small group of Chinese female immigrants to Australia who have started up their own business since their arrival. Unlike most publications concerning immigration that focus upon financial factors, we have instead concentrated on their personal journeys, why they started their businesses and the benefits they sought. We interviewed thirteen participants in Adelaide who had recently arrived from China with the aim of immigrating permanently to Australia. Immigration records indicate that by 2020 this figure had risen to over 160,000 per annum. However, it dropped again quickly in 2020 following the beginning of COVID-19. Nonetheless, according to recent Australian government records, over 866,200 current Australian residents have Chinese ancestry and 74% are first-generation migrants. The primary motivators for respondents were independence and control as well as income and skill development. Respondents were also satisfied by the personal development they gained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entrepreneurial Intentions–Taking in the Context)

10 pages, 516 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hospitality Industry Employees’ Intention to Stay in Their Job after the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Chien-Liang Chen and Mei-Hui Chen

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040144 - 2 Dec 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5106

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating effect on the tourism and hospitality industries in Taiwan, causing some small companies to cease trading and large companies to place their employees on unpaid leave. Placing employees on unpaid leave may have negatively affected the intention [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating effect on the tourism and hospitality industries in Taiwan, causing some small companies to cease trading and large companies to place their employees on unpaid leave. Placing employees on unpaid leave may have negatively affected the intention of hospitality employees to remain in their jobs. This study examined whether employees’ job insecurity and organizational identification affected their intention to stay in their job during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously developed scales were adopted to develop items measuring job insecurity, organizational identification, and intention to stay in a job. Responses to 515 returned questionnaires were examined. The results revealed that job insecurity significantly affects organizational identification. Both job insecurity and organizational identification significantly affected intention to stay. Few studies have used path analyses to investigate the relationships among intention to stay, job insecurity, and organizational identification. The indirect effect of organizational identification was analyzed, and evidence supporting a total effect and total indirect effect was obtained. This implies that hospitality companies seeking to retain staff during crises should promote organizational identification among staff. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Industry—Improving Wellness of Humans and Entrepreneurs)

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18 pages, 2574 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Role of Public Entities in Suitable Provision of Public Services: Case Study from Slovakia

by Viera Papcunová, Roman Vavrek and Marek Dvořák

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040143 - 30 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3203

Abstract

Local governments in the Slovak Republic are important in public administration and form an important part of the public sector, as they provide various public services. Until 1990, all public services were provided only by the state. The reform of public administration began [...] Read more.

Local governments in the Slovak Republic are important in public administration and form an important part of the public sector, as they provide various public services. Until 1990, all public services were provided only by the state. The reform of public administration began in 1990 with the decentralization of competencies. Several competencies were transferred to local governments from the state, and thus municipalities began to provide public services that the state previously provided. Registry offices were the first to be acquired by local governments from the state. This study aimed to characterize the transfer of competencies and their financing from state administration to local government using the example of registry offices in the Slovak Republic. In the paper, we evaluated the financing of this competency from 2007 to 2018 at the level of individual regions of the Slovak Republic. The results of the analysis and testing of hypotheses indicated that a higher number of inhabitants in individual regions did not affect the number of actions at these offices, despite the fact that the main role of the registry office is to keep registry books, in which events, such as births, weddings, and deaths, are registered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability Management and Accounting Practices in the Public Sector)

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17 pages, 1899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

University–Industry Collaboration: A Sustainable Technology Transfer Model

by Antonia Terán-Bustamante, Antonieta Martínez-Velasco and Andrée Marie López-Fernández

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040142 - 25 Nov 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5945

Abstract

Faced with the pandemic caused by COVID-19, universities worldwide are giving a powerful response to support their communities. One way to provide support is via the collaboration between universities and industries, allowing the co-creation of knowledge that leads to innovation. Historically, universities, as [...] Read more.

Faced with the pandemic caused by COVID-19, universities worldwide are giving a powerful response to support their communities. One way to provide support is via the collaboration between universities and industries, allowing the co-creation of knowledge that leads to innovation. Historically, universities, as knowledge-intensive organizations (KIOs), have produced knowledge through research. At present, its important contribution to countries’ economy is widely recognized through the development of new knowledge and technical know-how. Universities are a source of innovation for firms, which ultimately translates into social welfare improvements. The objective of this research is to analyze the university–firm linkage. The methodological strategy is carried out using Bayesian networks through a model where the main elements of university–industry linking, which impact competitiveness and innovation, are identified and quantified. The technology transfer model shows that the most crucial processes are Technology Strategy, Value Proposal, Knowledge Management, Control and Monitoring, Innovation Management, Needs Detection, Knowledge Creation, New Products and Services, and Absorption Capacity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Knowledge Intensive Organizations and Their Role in Promoting Sustainable Development)

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16 pages, 618 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

The Paradox of Gender Diversity, Organizational Outcomes, and Recruitment in the Boards of National Governing Bodies of Sport

by Marjukka Mikkonen, Jari Stenvall and Kati Lehtonen

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040141 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5569

Abstract

Diversity have become a desired value in sport organizations. However, regardless of the aspiration towards more gender diverse leadership, women leaders remain a minority. Diversity and its impact on group performance has also increased interest among scholars. Building on information/decision-making theory and the [...] Read more.

Diversity have become a desired value in sport organizations. However, regardless of the aspiration towards more gender diverse leadership, women leaders remain a minority. Diversity and its impact on group performance has also increased interest among scholars. Building on information/decision-making theory and the concept of the right fit, this paper introduces a new theoretical model that sheds light on the contradiction of gender-biased recruitment/selection processes in sports organization boards and the impact of diversity on organizational outcomes. The model is partly tested with survey data from the Finnish National Governing Bodies of Sport (NGBs). This paper shows that, because of the gender-biased recruitment/selection process, the benefits of gender-diverse organization boards may not be fully actualized, which not only affects the functioning of sports organizations, but may also limit women’s inclusion on sports organization boards. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Influence of Female Presence and Leadership on Boards of Directors)

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14 pages, 729 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Issues and Implications of Readiness to Change

by Yousef Ahmad Alolabi, Kartinah Ayupp and Muneer Al Dwaikat

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040140 - 23 Nov 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 11055

Abstract

In light of readiness to change, organizational readiness has received little attention with the extensive assessment of individual readiness to change. (1) Background: Therefore, this conceptual paper aims to address the need for change at the organizational level through the lenses of Lewin [...] Read more.

In light of readiness to change, organizational readiness has received little attention with the extensive assessment of individual readiness to change. (1) Background: Therefore, this conceptual paper aims to address the need for change at the organizational level through the lenses of Lewin theory, organizational change theory, and social exchange theory. It will identify issues and implications in readiness to change at the organizational level; (2) Methods: The primary method used in the study was mainly a literature review to add neglected factors driving change such as contextual factors and technology. (3) Results: The paper shows how various players and other determinants of successful change implementation can derail the organization’s readiness to embrace change. (4) Conclusions: The paper adds to the available knowledge on how technology is likely to affect organizational willingness to change. The study suggests various solutions that seek to address the issues on organizational readiness to change. Hence, this study may provide organizational managers with takeaway implications on change management for policymakers and practitioners to improve an organization’s preparedness towards change implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organizational Change and Management)

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16 pages, 331 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Universities’ Social Responsibility through the Lens of Strategic Planning: A Content Analysis

by Maria Teresa Nardo, Georgiana Cristina Codreanu and Fabiana Roberto

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040139 - 22 Nov 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3996

Abstract

This paper examines the degree of social responsibility integration in Italian public universities’ medium and long-term planning documents. We adopted a qualitative approach, applying the content analysis technique to a selected sample of 20 strategic plans issued by Italian large and mega universities. [...] Read more.

This paper examines the degree of social responsibility integration in Italian public universities’ medium and long-term planning documents. We adopted a qualitative approach, applying the content analysis technique to a selected sample of 20 strategic plans issued by Italian large and mega universities. The coding instrument was developed considering the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contained in the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Therefore, we identified 17 categories and 103 key symbols. The analysis undertaken showed that to date, Italian public universities still pay little attention in their planning documents to objectives regarding the multiple dimensions of Social Responsibility, mainly in relation to environmental issues, a failure detrimental to University Social Responsibility implementation and achievement. However, there is a greater sensitivity to Social Responsibility issues in some universities’ planning documents, therefore also more mature practices can be identified, showing universities that have institutionalized the concept of sustainability in their planning documents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability Management and Accounting Practices in the Public Sector)

13 pages, 325 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Organisational Characteristics That Facilitate Gender-Based Violence and Harassment in Higher Education?

by Pat O’Connor, Margaret Hodgins, Dorian R. Woods, Elisa Wallwaey, Rachel Palmen, Marieke Van Den Brink and Evanthia Kalpazidou Schmidt

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040138 - 22 Nov 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 7153

Abstract

Gender-based violence and sexual harassment (GBVH) by and towards academics and students has been under-theorised at an organisational level in higher education institutions (HEIs). The methodology involves a critical review of the literature on GBVH and organizational responses to it, locating it in [...] Read more.

Gender-based violence and sexual harassment (GBVH) by and towards academics and students has been under-theorised at an organisational level in higher education institutions (HEIs). The methodology involves a critical review of the literature on GBVH and organizational responses to it, locating it in the context of an analysis of organizational power. The theoretical perspective involves a focus on power and workplace bullying. It identifies three power-related characteristics of academic environments which it is suggested facilitate GBVH: their male-dominant hierarchical character; their neoliberal managerialist ethos and gender/intersectional incompetent leadership which perpetuates male entitlement and toxic masculinities. These characteristics also inhibit tackling GBVH by depicting it as an individual problem, encouraging informal coping and militating against the prosecution of perpetrators. Initiating a discussion and action at organizational and state levels about GBVH as a power-related phenomenon, challenging the dominant neo-liberal ethos and the hierarchical character of HEIs, as well as reducing their male dominance and increasing the gender competence of those in positions of power are seen as initial steps in tackling the problem. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gender, Race and Diversity in Organizations)

11 pages, 277 KiB

Open AccessArticle

CSR Education in Economia Aziendale Curricula: An Overview

by Andrea Venturelli, Roberta Fasiello and Simone Pizzi

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040137 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2899

Abstract

In the last few years, policymakers have underlined the need for new soft and hard skills about corporate social responsibility (CSR). The main debate about CSR education has been driven by the 2030 Agenda, which explicitly recognized Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as having [...] Read more.

In the last few years, policymakers have underlined the need for new soft and hard skills about corporate social responsibility (CSR). The main debate about CSR education has been driven by the 2030 Agenda, which explicitly recognized Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as having a pivotal role. In particular, many academics started to develop qualitative and quantitative studies to evaluate the integration of CSR contents in business schools’ curricula. The paper aims to contribute to the existing debate through the analysis of the contribution provided by Italian HEIs to CSR Education. In particular, we adopted qualitative methods to evaluate the specific contribution provided by Economia Aziendale scholars. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Social Responsibility, Stakeholder Engagement, and Universities)

13 pages, 315 KiB

Open AccessArticle

When COVID-19 Is the Invader and Internal Communication Is the Hero: Understanding the Influence of Internal Communication on Individual Performance and Evaluating the Mediating Role of Perceived Support

by Daniel Roque Gomes, Patricia Lourenço and Neuza Ribeiro

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040136 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4395

Abstract

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of internal communication (IC) of organisations on the quality of the individual–organisation relationship, specifically with regard to the effects generated with respect to individual performance (IP) in a pandemic framework. In [...] Read more.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of internal communication (IC) of organisations on the quality of the individual–organisation relationship, specifically with regard to the effects generated with respect to individual performance (IP) in a pandemic framework. In this sense, the study intends to evaluate the effects of IC on the employee’s IP, having as a mediator perceived organisational support (POS). Methodology: To achieve the aforementioned objectives, a cross-sectional quantitative study was prepared, data for which were collected during a period of confinement that took place between 9 February and 15 March 2021. A total of 340 individuals of both sexes participated in the study. Genders were 67.6% female and 32.4% male, with ages ranging from 25 years to over 61 years, from all districts of Portugal and the Islands. Results: The main results obtained showed that IC was positively and significantly correlated with POS and also with IP, and that there was also a total mediation effect of POS in the relationship between IC and IP. Practical implications: These results seem to support the need for organisations to invest in their internal communication practices as a way of stimulating strong and fruitful relationships between workers and the organisation. Internal communication seems to be a relevant indicator for the management of proximity relationships with workers, especially in adverse contexts, like the ones experienced during the pandemic crisis. Well-developed internal communication supports and practices seem to be a valid path towards developing bonds leading to improved performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leadership and Employees' Performance on the Verge of a New Era: The Challenges Brought by COVID-19 on Workplaces)

13 pages, 247 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determinants of ICT Innovations: Lessons Learned from Sweden and Sri Lanka

by Chaminda Wijesinghe, Henrik Hansson and Love Ekenberg

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040135 - 15 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3617

Abstract

Innovation is critical for enterprises and the country’s economy, and it has resulted in an improvement in living standards. There may be appropriate lessons to learn from other countries, but their adoption must be assessed due to education and living standards variations. This [...] Read more.

Innovation is critical for enterprises and the country’s economy, and it has resulted in an improvement in living standards. There may be appropriate lessons to learn from other countries, but their adoption must be assessed due to education and living standards variations. This paper aims to build an in-depth understanding of the stimulating factors for ICT innovations from Sweden, and examines their adoption in the context of a developing country, Sri Lanka. ICT innovations significantly impact development in other sectors, as they can ease doing business and other essential services. This study is based on seven interviews, including key people leading innovation activities in Sweden. Then, it critically analyses and presents the application of stimulating factors in Sweden to the context of a developing country, namely Sri Lanka. The results indicate that education and mindset, a risk-taking environment, embracing failures, digitalisation and collaboration are the critical determinants of ICT innovations in Sweden. This research is vital for educational policymakers in universities, technology transfer offices, and governmental policymakers. Full article

21 pages, 2742 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methodology for Designing Humanitarian Supply Chains: Distribution of COVID-19 Vaccines in Mexico

by Eva Selene Hernández Gress, Neil Hernández-Gress and Karen Sujo Contla

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040134 - 12 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3509

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology for designing a humanitarian supply chain (HSC) for immunization in Mexico. The study analyzes the abilities of HSCs provided in the literature and those that are relevant for the HSC vaccination in Mexico. In addition, the stakeholders involved [...] Read more.

This paper presents a methodology for designing a humanitarian supply chain (HSC) for immunization in Mexico. The study analyzes the abilities of HSCs provided in the literature and those that are relevant for the HSC vaccination in Mexico. In addition, the stakeholders involved in HSC for immunization were studied. A sentiment analysis of more than 900 newspaper articles was conducted to determine society’s perception of the government’s strategy for vaccine distribution. Considering these aspects and a review of the state-of-the-art in the design of supply chains, a methodology for HSC is proposed. Some of the findings are that resilience and agility, the most important abilities in HSCs in Mexico, can be achieved through government support and strong collaboration between different stakeholders, which was found to be the weakest point of the strategy. The problems observed in the vaccination strategy in Mexico were as follows: (1) a single physical space per municipality was defined for the application of the vaccine, (2) there is a shortage of vaccines, and (3) as far as we know, no methodology has been applied to carry out immunization. This approach considers the design of HSCs in terms of capabilities and stakeholders, which, to the best of our knowledge, is a novel aspect of the literature. This methodology can be used for various scenarios of HSCs in Mexico. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supply Chains in Developing Countries)

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20 pages, 716 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Toward a Sustainable University: Babes-Bolyai University Goes Green

by Gianluca Zanellato and Adriana Tiron-Tudor

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040133 - 12 Nov 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3776

Abstract

The present research aims to investigate the roadmap followed by a Romanian University implementing sustainability practices and thus contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Informed by the stakeholder theory lens, the study contributes to the literature by exposing, from a longitudinal [...] Read more.

The present research aims to investigate the roadmap followed by a Romanian University implementing sustainability practices and thus contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Informed by the stakeholder theory lens, the study contributes to the literature by exposing, from a longitudinal perspective, the case of the evolving commitment toward a more sustainable future by Babes-Bolyai University. In order to provide empirical results relevant to the literature, the investigation followed a combination of qualitative methodologies oriented to demonstrate how the institution approaches the recently developed sustainable development goals. Informed by the stakeholder theory, the research represents one of the first studies focusing on university SDG disclosure. Despite the modest recognition of Romanian HEIs in international rankings, the present study outlines a convinced commitment and a clear pathway, of BBU, toward a more sustainable future. Our research’s originality relies on the selected institution and the university’s policies with the SDGs. The study provides fresh knowledge in the growing debate of SDGs and HEIs and outlines how such institutions can contribute toward sustainable development goals through means already available. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Social Responsibility, Stakeholder Engagement, and Universities)

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17 pages, 472 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Organizational Culture and Corporate Performance in the Ecuadorian Environment

by Ana Belén Tulcanaza-Prieto, Iliana E. Aguilar-Rodríguez and Carlos Artieda

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040132 - 12 Nov 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 8534

Abstract

This study examines how organizational culture influences corporate performance in the Ecuadorian service sector. The study employs four organizational culture features and twelve concepts for corporate performance using a self-designed online questionnaire, which were supplied to postgraduate students from academic programs at Universidad [...] Read more.

This study examines how organizational culture influences corporate performance in the Ecuadorian service sector. The study employs four organizational culture features and twelve concepts for corporate performance using a self-designed online questionnaire, which were supplied to postgraduate students from academic programs at Universidad de Las Americas (UDLA) in Quito, Ecuador. The respondents were working as managers or employees in small Ecuadorian service firms. The operational items of the questionnaire to measure organizational culture and corporate performance were designed using the Denison model. The findings reveal a statistically positive relationship between organizational culture and firm performance. Moreover, involvement, adaptability, consistency, and mission affect the non-financial performance of the Ecuadorian service sector. Involvement is the critical determinant of the influence of organizational culture on corporate performance, while training shows the strongest association with organizational culture. This study provides a perspective on long-term organizational strategies, vision, and performance. Future research should include the characteristics of the studied firms to increase the effectiveness of the proposed model. Full article

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13 pages, 300 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Project Managers as Knowledge Workers: Competencies for Effective Project Management in Developing Countries

by Armstrong Amoah and Frederic Marimon

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040131 - 11 Nov 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 9000

Abstract

Studies have shown that project managers are responsible for the successful management of various projects. Increasingly, this success depends on the project manager being a knowledge worker (KW)—i.e., possessing and utilizing both “hard” and “soft” skills/competencies to manage assigned projects. Nonetheless, there has [...] Read more.

Studies have shown that project managers are responsible for the successful management of various projects. Increasingly, this success depends on the project manager being a knowledge worker (KW)—i.e., possessing and utilizing both “hard” and “soft” skills/competencies to manage assigned projects. Nonetheless, there has not been enough studies on what these competencies are, especially in the context of developing countries (DCs). This study, therefore, seeks to conceptualize project managers as KWs by identifying the key competencies and their relationships needed to effectively manage projects in DCs. To achieve this objective, a survey was conducted among 112 project management (PM) practitioners in Ghana. The opinions from the respondents were edited, summarized and categorized by creating word queries, thus, making it easier to make deductions from them. Finally, content analysis was conducted to help establish links in the responses so as to deduce appropriate recommendations. The findings provide a set of “soft” and “hard” skills/competencies and their unique combinations for effective PM in DCs. The primary contribution of this study stems from highlighting the key competencies that project managers need to ensure effective PM in DCs, thus, helping these countries to make a more efficient use of their scarce resources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Knowledge Intensive Organizations and Their Role in Promoting Sustainable Development)

21 pages, 616 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Scoping Review of Empirical Evidence on (Digital) Public Services Co-Creation

by A. Paula Rodriguez Müller, Cesar Casiano Flores, Valerie Albrecht, Trui Steen and Joep Crompvoets

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040130 - 10 Nov 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6492

Abstract

The public sector is facing significant challenges regarding public services provision, including declination of users’ trust and limited resources. An alternative approach to traditional public service provision with the potential to address these challenges is the co-creation of public services. Co-creation promises to [...] Read more.

The public sector is facing significant challenges regarding public services provision, including declination of users’ trust and limited resources. An alternative approach to traditional public service provision with the potential to address these challenges is the co-creation of public services. Co-creation promises to foster innovative solutions to provide high-quality services that respond to users’ needs. Considering this background, we aim at critically exploring public service co-creation via a scoping review, employing the PRISMA-ScR method. Our review focuses on 25 empirical studies out of 75 analyzed articles that examine the implementation of co-creation of (digital) public services and investigates how the empirical literature portrays the concept of public service co-creation. Our findings primarily suggest that co-creation can be implemented in a wide range of sectors and settings, to improve public services and to foster innovation, throughout the whole public service cycle, using a variety of digital, analog and hybrid co-creation tools and strategies. Yet, our review has also shown that there is still an implementation gap that needs to be bridged between knowing and doing in the context of public services co-creation in a digital setting. Full article

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18 pages, 356 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Women’s Skills and Aptitudes as Drivers of Organizational Resilience: An Italian Case Study

by Antonietta Cosentino and Paola Paoloni

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040129 - 10 Nov 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3216

Abstract

The economic system has experienced heavy consequences caused by the recent pandemic. This paper investigates the interaction between the crisis and organization reaction, focusing on the female managerial role and contribution to overcoming the crisis in male-owned and managed companies. To achieve the [...] Read more.

The economic system has experienced heavy consequences caused by the recent pandemic. This paper investigates the interaction between the crisis and organization reaction, focusing on the female managerial role and contribution to overcoming the crisis in male-owned and managed companies. To achieve the research objectives, we used a qualitative research method based on an explorative case study. The results show that female managerial skills have fostered organizational resilience in terms of: (i) the attitude to change; (ii) the ability to promote new initiatives; and (iii) the ability to have initiated, consolidated, and managed solid formal relationships with institutional stakeholders. Our results also highlight the decisive contribution of corporate governance (even if male-oriented) in favoring the growth and autonomy of women in positions of responsibility. This contribution is evidenced by (iv) increasing delegation of roles and responsibilities in managing relationships with institutional stakeholders to women managers; and (v) recognizing women managers’ talents in terms of career progression. The originality of this work is represented by the survey that aims to determine how the female management of businesses managed and owned by men can foster the resilience of companies. On the other hand, this paper investigates how female leadership drives organizational resilience during unexpected shocks, opening an interdisciplinary viewpoint. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender, Relational Capital and Technology. Present State and Historical Perspectives in Business and Economics)

25 pages, 729 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Explicating Brand Equity in the Information Technology Sector in Vietnam

by Hien Thi Ngoc Huynh, Hoa Doan Xuan Trieu, Phuong Van Nguyen, Tue Gia Tran and Long Nguyen Hai Lam

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040128 - 9 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3838

Abstract

Vietnamese IT businesses have expanded internationally and have reached a turning point with opportunities and challenges typical when establishing a global brand. To assist Vietnamese IT firms in the development of branding strategies, this study investigated the direct influences of various firm competencies, [...] Read more.

Vietnamese IT businesses have expanded internationally and have reached a turning point with opportunities and challenges typical when establishing a global brand. To assist Vietnamese IT firms in the development of branding strategies, this study investigated the direct influences of various firm competencies, such as innovation, marketing, networking, and dynamic capabilities, on brand equity in the business-to-business (B2B) information technology (IT) industry. In addition, the study examined whether the enterprise’s capabilities indirectly affected B2B brand equity via value co-creation and customer value. By employing PLS-SEM to analyze a sample of 182 questionnaire responses from IT firms in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, the study found that innovative, networking, and dynamic capabilities had a direct, positive effect on brand equity. The mediating effect of value co-creation and customer value on the association between marketing capability and brand equity was also reported. The research also recommended branding strategies for enterprises that seek to improve their internal competencies and abilities to innovate and respond swiftly to market dynamics. In a successful marketing strategy, all stakeholders must be involved in the value co-creation and brand equity building process, and this is particularly critical in a knowledge-intensive industry such as IT. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Knowledge Intensive Organizations and Their Role in Promoting Sustainable Development)

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20 pages, 512 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accountable Government through Collaborative Governance?

by Eva Sørensen and Jacob Torfing

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040127 - 8 Nov 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 6972

Abstract

Governance researchers have repeatedly discussed how to make public governance more accountable given the relatively ‘thin’ accountability of representative government. Recent decades have seen the growth of new, compensatory forms of accountability. However, these measures do not seem have satisfied the demands for [...] Read more.

Governance researchers have repeatedly discussed how to make public governance more accountable given the relatively ‘thin’ accountability of representative government. Recent decades have seen the growth of new, compensatory forms of accountability. However, these measures do not seem have satisfied the demands for strengthening public sector accountability. Drawing on the concept of social accountability, this article challenges common wisdom in arguing that collaborative governance may enhance public governance accountability, although it also raises new accountability problems that must be tackled. The article develops a heuristic framework for empirical studies of accountability, which improves the impact of collaborative forms of governance. Full article

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13 pages, 266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Sustainability Management Model for Local Government: An Explanatory Study

by Fabio De Matteis and Elio Borgonovi

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040126 - 5 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2860

Abstract

Although the scientific debate in the field of business economics is rich in contributions to the subject of sustainability, they mainly focus on a specific aspect represented by sustainability reporting. Consistent with this bibliographic evidence, the aim of this study was to investigate [...] Read more.

Although the scientific debate in the field of business economics is rich in contributions to the subject of sustainability, they mainly focus on a specific aspect represented by sustainability reporting. Consistent with this bibliographic evidence, the aim of this study was to investigate a sustainability management model in local authorities, which, by examining the dimensions of sustainability, goes beyond the focus of reporting highlighted in the literature to consider the entire sustainability cycle (from planning to measurement). To this end, the methodology of the single case study with multiple units of analysis is used, examining the case of an Italian local authority that has experimented with the sustainability management model described in this paper. The analysis of the case leads to some concluding remarks on the strengths and weaknesses of the model, contributing to the scientific debate on sustainability management and providing useful indications for public managers and political decision-makers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability Management and Accounting Practices in the Public Sector)

11 pages, 719 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Entrepreneurship: Public Perception of Barriers, Drivers, and Future

by Isabelle Biclesanu, Sorin Anagnoste, Ovidiu Branga and Marco Savastano

Adm. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040125 - 3 Nov 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4247

Abstract

The widespread access to the Internet has undoubtedly changed the way businesses handle their processes and interact with their customers. With the surge of new devices, business models, technologies, and platforms, alongside social media growth and innovative advertising, it became easier to transition [...] Read more.

The widespread access to the Internet has undoubtedly changed the way businesses handle their processes and interact with their customers. With the surge of new devices, business models, technologies, and platforms, alongside social media growth and innovative advertising, it became easier to transition from employment to entrepreneurship. The paper aims to assess the public perception of digital entrepreneurship, with a focus on its barriers, drivers, and expectations for the future. The results show that there is a slight agreement with a digital business being easier to establish compared with a traditional one. The driving forces behind starting a digital business are recognized, and the digital environment is considered essential for business growth in the following years. With some exceptions, there are no significant differences between age groups, genders, relationship statuses, levels of education, and/or occupations when rating the barriers, drivers, and expectations for the future of digital entrepreneurship. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Entrepreneurship in a Disruptive Era: New Frontiers in Strategic Management)

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