A Low Cost and Fast Cell-to-Cell Balancing Circuit for Lithium-Ion Battery Strings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Proposed Cell Balancing Circuit
2.1. Structure of the Proposed Cell-to-Cell Balancing Circuit
2.2. Considering Transient Voltage Due to The Balancing Current
2.3. Operation Principle of the Proposed Balancing Method
3. Experimental Setup and Results
3.1. Experimental Results of the Push–Pull Converter
3.2. Experimental Results of the Cell Balancing Operation of the Proposed Circuit
3.3. Comparison between the Proposed and Conventional Cell Balancing Methods
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Balancing Method | Component Counts | Characteristics | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Switch | Photo-Coupler/Pulse Trans. | Diode | Ind. | Cap. | Trans. | |||
Cell-to-pack [5] | 2N-2 | 2N-2 | 2N-2 | 0 | 0 | m | Requires many steps to balance causing a slow balancing speed, especially for the low voltage cells. | |
Pack-to-cell [8] | N *+N/2 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N/2 | Requires many steps to balance causing a slow balancing speed, especially for the high voltage cells. | |
Cell-to-pack-to-cell [9] | 2N * | 2N | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Faster than the cell-to-pack and pack-to-cell methods, but still takes a long time to balance the cells. | |
Adjacent cell-to-cell | Switched Cap. [10] | 4N * | 4N | 0 | 0 | N | 0 | Impossible to control the balancing current and, hence, the balancing speed is slow. |
Improved switched Cap. [12] | N+2 * | N+2 | 0 | 0 | N+1 | 0 | ||
Switched inductor [15] | 2N | 2N | 0 | N | 0 | 0 | ||
Quasi-resonant [18] | 2N | 2N | 0 | 2N | N | 0 | Possesses a higher efficiency due to soft switching, but the balancing speed is low because it is impossible to control the balancing current. | |
Direct cell-to-cell | Single Cap. [19] | N+1 * | N+1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Impossible to control the balancing current through the capacitor or inductor, hence the balancing speed is slow. |
Single Ind. [20] | 2N | 2N | 2N | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
LC resonant [22] | N+10 * | N+10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Highly efficient due to the soft switching. | |
Multi-winding [24] | 2N * | 2N | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Complex in implementation for many cells. |
Parameters | Manufacturer | |
---|---|---|
Push-pull Converter | Transformer | PA6383 |
MOSFET | AOB290L | |
Schottky diode | CDBA240LL | |
Gate driver | TLP250 | |
Monitoring | Monitoring IC | Bq76940 |
Shunt resistor | WSR21L000FEA | |
Cell selection switches | Relay | TQ2-5V |
Transistor array | ULN2803A |
Cell Balancing Methods | Cost | Balancing Speed | Efficiency | Complexity in Control | Complexity in Implementation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cell-to-pack [5] | High | Low | Average | Complex | Simple |
Pack-to-cell [8] | Low | Low | Low | Complex | Average |
Cell-to-pack-to-cell [9] | High | Average | Average | Simple | Simple |
Switched capacitor [10] | High | Low | Low | Simple | Average |
Improved switched capacitor [12] | Low | Average | Low | Average | Average |
Switched inductor [15] | High | Low | Low | Simple | Average |
Quasi-resonant [18] | High | Low | Average | Average | Complex |
Single capacitor [19] | High | Low | Average | Simple | Simple |
Single inductor [20] | High | Average | Average | Simple | Average |
LC resonant [22] | Average | Average | High | Simple | Simple |
Multi-winding [24] | High | Average | Average | Simple | Complex |
Proposed method | Low | High | High | Simple | Simple |
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Pham, V.-L.; Duong, V.-T.; Choi, W. A Low Cost and Fast Cell-to-Cell Balancing Circuit for Lithium-Ion Battery Strings. Electronics 2020, 9, 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020248
Pham V-L, Duong V-T, Choi W. A Low Cost and Fast Cell-to-Cell Balancing Circuit for Lithium-Ion Battery Strings. Electronics. 2020; 9(2):248. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020248
Chicago/Turabian StylePham, Van-Long, Van-Tinh Duong, and Woojin Choi. 2020. "A Low Cost and Fast Cell-to-Cell Balancing Circuit for Lithium-Ion Battery Strings" Electronics 9, no. 2: 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020248
APA StylePham, V. -L., Duong, V. -T., & Choi, W. (2020). A Low Cost and Fast Cell-to-Cell Balancing Circuit for Lithium-Ion Battery Strings. Electronics, 9(2), 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020248