The Algebraic Classification of Nilpotent Bicommutative Algebras
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Algebraic Classification of Nilpotent Bicommutative Algebras
2.1. Method of Classification of Nilpotent Algebras
Procedure |
- Determine , and .
- Determine the set of -orbits on .
- For each orbit, construct the bicommutative algebra associated with a representative of it.
2.2. Notations
— | jth i-dimensional nilpotent bicommutative algebra with identity xyz = 0 | |
— | jth i-dimensional nilpotent “pure” bicommutative algebra (without identity | |
xyz = 0) | ||
— | ith four-dimensional two-step nilpotent algebra | |
— | ith non-split non-one-generated five-dimensional nilpotent | |
(non-two-step nilpotent) non-commutative bicommutative algebra |
2.3. One-Dimensional Central Extensions of Four-Dimensional Two-Step Nilpotent Bicommutative Algebras
2.3.1. The Description of Second Cohomology Spaces
2.3.2. Central Extensions of
- then choosing we haveThe family of orbits gives us a characterized structure of the three-dimensional ideal that has a one-dimensional extension of two dimensional subalgebra with basis Let us remember the classification of algebras of this type.Using the classification of three dimensional nilpotent algebras, we may consider the following cases.
- (a)
- i.e., three dimensional ideal is abelian. Then we may suppose and choosing we obtain that which implies Thus, in this case we do not have new algebras.
- (b)
- i.e., three-dimensional ideal is isomorphic to . Then, and choosing and we have the representative
- (c)
- i.e., three-dimensional ideal is isomorphic to . Then, choosing we have the representative
- (d)
- i.e., three-dimensional ideal is isomorphic to . Then, choosing we have the representative
- (e)
- i.e., three-dimensional ideal is isomorphic to .
- i.
- If then choosing and we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- If and then choosing and we have the representative
- iii.
- If and then choosing and we have the representative
- then choosing we have
- (a)
- i.e., three-dimensional ideal is abelian. Then, we may suppose and choosing we obtain that which implies Thus, in this case we do not have new algebras.
- (b)
- i.e., three-dimensional ideal is isomorphic to . Then, and choosing and we have the family of representatives
- (c)
- i.e., three-dimensional ideal is isomorphic to .
- i.
- then then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- i.e., then choosing have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (d)
- i.e., three-dimensional ideal is isomorphic to .
- i.
- then choosing and we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- then in case of we have the representative and in case of without loss of generality we may assume and choosing we have the representative
- (e)
- i.e., three-dimensional ideal is isomorphic to .
- i.
- then choosing andwe have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have Thus, in this case we have the representatives and depending on or not.
2.3.3. Central Extensions of
- then and by choosing and we have the representative
- then without loss of generality (maybe with an action of a suitable ), we can suppose and choosing we have .
- (a)
- then
- i.
- if then choosing we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- if then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then choosing we have
- i.
- if then choosing we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- if then choosing we have the family of representatives
2.3.4. Central Extensions of
- then and choosing and
- (a)
- then choosing we have
- i.
- then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
- v.
- then choosing we have the representative
- vi.
- then choosing we have the representative
- (b)
- , then choosing we have
- i.
- then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- , then choosing we have the representative
- iv.
- , then choosing we have the representative
- v.
- , then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (c)
- , then choosing we have Hence,
- i.
- then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
- v.
- then choosing we have the representative
- (d)
- then choosing , we have Hence,
- i.
- then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- (e)
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing and
- (a)
- then choosing we have . Hence, we can suppose and consider following cases:
- i.
- then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
- v.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- vi.
- then choosing
- vii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- viii.
- then choosing
- ix.
- then choosing
- (b)
- then choosing we have . Hence, we have and consider following cases:
- i.
- then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
- v.
- then choosing
- vi.
- then choosing we have the representative
- vii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- viii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- ix.
- then choosing we have
- A.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- B.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (c)
- then choosing we have Hence, we have and consider following cases:
- i.
- then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- iv.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (d)
- then and choosing , we obtain . Hence, we have and consider following cases:
- i.
- then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
2.3.5. Central Extensions of
- then choosing we have Now we consider following subcases:
- (a)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (c)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (d)
- then we have the family of representatives
- then choosing we have
- (a)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (c)
- then we have the family of representatives
2.3.6. Central Extensions of
- then and choosing we have and obtain the family of representatives
- then with an action of a suitable , we can suppose and choosing we can suppose Now we consider following subcases:
- (a)
- then we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (c)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (d)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- If then we obtain the previous cases. Thus, we consider the case of Then, and choosing we can suppose Now, we consider following subcases:
- (a)
- then we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (c)
- then choosing we obtain and obtain the family of representatives
2.3.7. Central Extensions of
- then If then choosing we obtain that which implies Thus, we have that
- (a)
- then we have the representative
- (b)
- without loss of generality, we can suppose
- i.
- then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- then without loss of generality we can assume and consider following subcases:
- (a)
- then taking we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then taking
- (c)
- then we can suppose and choosing we can suppose
- i.
- if then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- if then choosing we have the representative
- (d)
- then choosing
- i.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (e)
- then choosing suitable value of z and y such that we can suppose and Then, choosing we have
- i.
- if then choosing we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- if then then we have the family of representatives and depending on whether or not.
2.3.8. Central Extensions of
for | = | = | = | ||||||
= | = | = |
for | = | = | = | ||||||
= | = | = |
- then and choosing we have the representative
- then without loss of generality, we can suppose and choosing we have
- (a)
- then we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (c)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (d)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
2.3.9. Central Extensions of
for : | = | ||
= | |||
= | |||
= | |||
= | |||
= |
for : | = | ||
= | |||
= | |||
= | |||
= | |||
= |
- then without loss of generality, we can suppose . Let us consider the following subcases:
- (a)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (b)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (c)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- then without loss of generality, we can suppose Let us consider the following subcases:
- (a)
- then choosingwe have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (c)
- then choosing we can suppose and consider following subcases:
- i.
- A.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- B.
- then we have the representative
- C.
- then choosing we have the representative
- D.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- E.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
2.3.10. Central Extensions of
- then choosing we have Thus, we can suppose and consider following subcases:
- (a)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then
- i.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- then choosing we have and consider following subcases:
- (a)
- then we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then choosing have the family of representatives
- then and choosing we have Thus we obtain that which implies Then choosing we have and obtain the representatives and depending on whether or not.
2.3.11. Central Extensions of
- then and choosing we have Thus, we can suppose and consider following subcases:
- (a)
- then we have the representative
- (b)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (c)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (d)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (e)
- then choosing we have the representative
- then consider following subcases:
- (a)
- then choosing we can suppose and consider following subcases:
- i.
- we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
- (b)
- then choosing we can suppose and consider following subcases:
- i.
- then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have
- A.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- B.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- C.
- then we have the representative
- D.
- then choosing we have the representative
- E.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (c)
- then choosing we can suppose and consider following subcases:
- i.
- then choosing we can suppose and consider following subcases:
- A.
- then we have the family of representatives
- B.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- C.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- D.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- then choosing we can suppose and consider following subcases:
- A.
- then we have the representative
- B.
- then choosing we have the representative
- C.
- then choosing we have the representative
- D.
- then choosing we have the representative
- E.
- then choosing we have the representative
- F.
- then choosing we have the representative
- G.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- H.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
2.4. One-Dimensional Central Extensions of Four-Dimensional Three-Step Nilpotent Bicommutative Algebras
2.4.1. The Description of Second Cohomology Space
2.4.2. Central Extensions of
- If then choosing we have
- (a)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (b)
- then choosing we have the representative
- If then
- (a)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (b)
- then choosing we have the representative
2.4.3. Central Extensions of
- then
- (a)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (b)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (c)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (a)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (b)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (c)
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (d)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (e)
- then choosing we have the representative
- (f)
- then choosing we have the representative
2.4.4. Central Extensions of
- then and we have the family of representatives
- then and choosing we have the family of representatives
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
2.4.5. Central Extensions of
- then we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
2.4.6. Central Extensions of
- then we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
2.4.7. Central Extensions of
- then we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
2.4.8. Central Extensions of
- then we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
2.4.9. Central Extensions of
- then we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
2.4.10. Central Extensions of
- then we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
2.4.11. Central Extensions of
- then we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
- then choosing we have the representative
2.5. Two-Dimensional Central Extensions of Three-Dimensional Nilpotent Bicommutative Algebras
2.5.1. The Description of Second Cohomology Spaces of Three-Dimensional Nilpotent Bicommutative Algebras
2.5.2. Central Extensions of
- then we have
- (a)
- then we can suppose and choosing , we have Thus, we can assume and consider following subcases:
- i.
- then we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- iii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- iv.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- v.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- vi.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- vii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- i.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- iii.
- then choosing and we have the family of representatives
- iv.
- then choosing
- v.
- then choosingandwe have the family of representatives
- vi.
- then choosingandwe have the family of representatives
- (c)
- then we can suppose and consider following subcases:
- i.
- then choosing , we have
- A.
- if then we have a split algebra;
- B.
- if then choosing we have the representative
- C.
- if then choosing we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- then choosing and we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosingandwe have the representative
- (d)
- then we can suppose and choosing we have Thus, we have following subcases:
- i.
- if then we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- if then choosing we have the family of representatives
- then we can suppose
- (a)
- then we can suppose and choosing we have Thus, we have following subcases:
- i.
- if then and choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- if then choosing we have the family of representatives
- iii.
- if then choosing we have the representative
- (b)
- then we can suppose and choosing we have Thus, we have following subcases:
- i.
- if then we have the family of representatives
- ii.
- if then choosing we have the representative
- (c)
- then we can suppose . Since in case of we have a split extension, we can assume Thus, we have following subcases:
- i.
- if then choosing we have the representative
- ii.
- if then choosing we have the representative
2.5.3. Central Extensions of
= | = | = | ||||||
= | = |
- then we have
- (a)
- then we can suppose and choosing , we have Thus, we have following subcases:
- i.
- then we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
- v.
- then choosing we have the representative
- vi.
- then choosing we have the representative
- vii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- viii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- ix.
- then choosing we have the representative
- x.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- xi.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then choosing we can suppose and have following subcases:
- i.
- then we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- iv.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- v.
- then choosing we have the representative
- vi.
- then choosing we have the representative
- vii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- viii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (c)
- then choosing we can suppose and have following subcases:
- i.
- then we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
- v.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (d)
- then we can suppose and consider following subcases:
- i.
- then we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
- v.
- then choosing we have the representative
- vi.
- then choosing we have the representative
- then and we have
- (a)
- then choosing we can suppose and have following subcases:
- i.
- then we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
- v.
- then choosing we have the representative
- vi.
- then choosing we have the family of representatives
- (b)
- then choosing we can suppose and have following subcases:
- i.
- then we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
- (c)
- then and we can suppose Consider following subcases:
- i.
- then we have the representative
- ii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iii.
- then choosing we have the representative
- iv.
- then choosing we have the representative
3. Classification Theorem for Five-Dimensional Bicommutative Algebras
- Five-dimensional algebras with identity (also known as two-step nilpotent algebras) are the intersection of all varieties of algebras defined by a family of polynomial identities of degree three or more; for example, it is in the intersection of associative, Zinbiel, Leibniz, Novikov, bicommutative, etc, algebras. All these algebras can be obtained as central extensions of zero-product algebras. The geometric classification of two-step nilpotent algebras is given in [9]. It is the reason why we are not interested in it.
- Five-dimensional nilpotent (non-two-step nilpotent) bicommutative algebras, which are central extensions of nilpotent bicommutative algebras with nonzero products of a smaller dimension. These algebras are classified by several steps:
- (a)
- Complex split five-dimensional bicommutative algebras are classified in [13];
- (b)
- Complex non-split five-dimensional nilpotent commutative associative algebras are listed in [27];
- (c)
- Complex one-generated five-dimensional nilpotent bicommutative algebras are classified in [14];
- (d)
- Complex non-split non-one-generated five-dimensional nilpotent non-commutative bicommutative algebras are classified in Theorem (see below).
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Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Abdurasulov, K.; Kaygorodov, I.; Khudoyberdiyev, A. The Algebraic Classification of Nilpotent Bicommutative Algebras. Mathematics 2023, 11, 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11030777
Abdurasulov K, Kaygorodov I, Khudoyberdiyev A. The Algebraic Classification of Nilpotent Bicommutative Algebras. Mathematics. 2023; 11(3):777. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11030777
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdurasulov, Kobiljon, Ivan Kaygorodov, and Abror Khudoyberdiyev. 2023. "The Algebraic Classification of Nilpotent Bicommutative Algebras" Mathematics 11, no. 3: 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11030777
APA StyleAbdurasulov, K., Kaygorodov, I., & Khudoyberdiyev, A. (2023). The Algebraic Classification of Nilpotent Bicommutative Algebras. Mathematics, 11(3), 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11030777