Determination of the Effective Lifetime of a Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate

Wang, Xin; Qin, Yong; Jian, Jun; Liu, Wenliang; Wu, Jizhou; Li, Yuqing; Sovkov, Vladimir; Ma, Jie

doi:10.3390/photonics12020124

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Open AccessArticle

Determination of the Effective Lifetime of a Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate

by

Xin Wang

¹,

Yong Qin

¹,

Jun Jian

¹,

Wenliang Liu

^1,2,*,

Jizhou Wu

^1,2,*

,

Yuqing Li

^1,2,

Vladimir Sovkov

^1,3

and

Jie Ma

^1,2

¹

State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

²

Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

³

St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Photonics 2025, 12(2), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12020124

Submission received: 14 November 2024 / Revised: 14 January 2025 / Accepted: 29 January 2025 / Published: 30 January 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors)

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Abstract

The effective lifetime of ultra-cold atoms in specific quantum states plays a crucial role in studying interaction parameters within quantum systems. Measuring the effective lifetime of various quantum states within ultra-cold atoms is a fundamental task in quantum operations. In this paper, the effective lifetimes of the excited electronic states

|F = 2, m_{F} = - 2⟩

,

|F = 2, m_{F} = - 1⟩

, and

|F = 2, m_{F} = 0⟩

for a sodium atomic Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) are investigated in both the optical dipole trap (ODT) and one-dimensional optical lattice. Through the analysis of experimental data, we demonstrate the significant advantage of lattice loading over the optical dipole trap in terms of atomic lifetimes. The results provide crucial insights into the temporal scales relevant for investigating the evolution of boson gases in optical lattices, facilitating the realization of quantum simulations pertaining to unique quantum phases, and providing an important experimental basis for the research of non-equilibrium dynamics between different spin states.

Keywords: effective lifetime; ultra-cold atoms; optical dipole trap; optical lattice

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, X.; Qin, Y.; Jian, J.; Liu, W.; Wu, J.; Li, Y.; Sovkov, V.; Ma, J. Determination of the Effective Lifetime of a Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate. Photonics 2025, 12, 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12020124

AMA Style

Wang X, Qin Y, Jian J, Liu W, Wu J, Li Y, Sovkov V, Ma J. Determination of the Effective Lifetime of a Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate. Photonics. 2025; 12(2):124. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12020124

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Xin, Yong Qin, Jun Jian, Wenliang Liu, Jizhou Wu, Yuqing Li, Vladimir Sovkov, and Jie Ma. 2025. "Determination of the Effective Lifetime of a Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate" Photonics 12, no. 2: 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12020124

APA Style

Wang, X., Qin, Y., Jian, J., Liu, W., Wu, J., Li, Y., Sovkov, V., & Ma, J. (2025). Determination of the Effective Lifetime of a Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate. Photonics, 12(2), 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12020124

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Determination of the Effective Lifetime of a Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate

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