Urban Science

19 pages, 32702 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Geo-Ecological Analysis of the Causes and Consequences of Flooding in the Western Region of Kazakhstan

by Shakhislam Laiskhanov, Zhanerke Sharapkhanova, Akhan Myrzakhmetov, Eugene Levin, Omirzhan Taukebayev, Zhanbolat Nurmagambetuly and Sarkytkan Kaster

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010020 - 20 Jan 2025

Viewed by 618

Abstract

The intensifying effects of climate change have led to increased flooding, even in desert regions, resulting in significant socio-economic and ecological impacts. This study analyzes the causes and consequences of flooding in the Zhem River basin using data from ground stations, including Kazhydromet, [...] Read more.

The intensifying effects of climate change have led to increased flooding, even in desert regions, resulting in significant socio-economic and ecological impacts. This study analyzes the causes and consequences of flooding in the Zhem River basin using data from ground stations, including Kazhydromet, and satellite platforms such as USGS FEWS NET and Copernicus. Spatial analyses conducted in ArcGIS utilized classified raster data to map the dynamics of flooding, snow cover, vegetation, and soil conditions. This enabled a geoecological analysis of flood damage on the vital components of the local landscape. Results show that flooding in the Zhem River basin was driven by heavy winter precipitation, rapid snowmelt, and a sharp rise in spring temperatures. The flood damaged Kulsary city and also harmed the region’s soil, vegetation, and wildlife. In July 2024, the flooded sail area tripled compared to the same period in 2023. Additionally, the area of barren land or temporary water bodies (pools) formed three months after the water receded also tripled, increasing from 84.9 km² to 275.7 km². This study highlights the critical need for continued research on the long-term environmental effects of flooding and the development of adaptive management strategies for sustainable regional development. Full article

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17 pages, 5625 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploration of the Relationship Between the Population and Football Stadiums in Romania

by Grigore Vasile Herman, Tudor Caciora, Mariana Laura Herman, Mihai Șandra and Gheorghe Codruț Bulz

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010019 - 18 Jan 2025

Viewed by 441

Abstract

A sport is a specific human activity with deep cultural and social meanings that involves cooperation and competitiveness according to well-established rules. One of the most representative sports at the local and global levels is football thanks to the large number of people [...] Read more.

A sport is a specific human activity with deep cultural and social meanings that involves cooperation and competitiveness according to well-established rules. One of the most representative sports at the local and global levels is football thanks to the large number of people and resources involved in supporting it. The aim of the study is to explore the connection between communities and football stadiums at a spatial level (development region, county and cities). From a methodological point of view, multicriteria analysis (eight criteria, four for the population and four for football stadiums) was utilized to determine and define the various relationships between the population and football stadiums. The obtained results highlighted, at the spatial level, the existence of some non-correlations between the population and football stadiums. Thus, the existence of strong relationships at the level of development regions (75%), followed by those established at the level of cities (24.1) and counties (2.4), were identified. The strongest relationships were established in the Northwest, Central and South development regions; in Bihor County and in cities like Bucharest, Brașov, Constanta and Iași. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Study of Urban Geography and City Planning)

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25 pages, 2824 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of the Federal ‘Clean Air’ Project to Improve Air Quality in the Most Polluted Russian Cities

by Roman V. Gordeev, Anton I. Pyzhev and Ekaterina A. Syrtsova

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010018 - 17 Jan 2025

Viewed by 604

Abstract

An unavoidable adverse consequence of industrial development is the contamination of urban atmospheres. Deterioration of air quality leads to a decrease in the quality of life of the population, creates a lot of risks of serious diseases, and threatens to increase life expectancy. [...] Read more.

An unavoidable adverse consequence of industrial development is the contamination of urban atmospheres. Deterioration of air quality leads to a decrease in the quality of life of the population, creates a lot of risks of serious diseases, and threatens to increase life expectancy. This phenomenon is particularly evident in many large Russian cities, where historically a powerful industry has developed. In recent decades, the Russian government has acknowledged environmental remediation as a pivotal priority for the National Development Goals. The dedicated funding from the National ‘Ecology’ Project in 2018–2024 allowed for large-scale public and private investments to address the problem of improving the air quality of urban areas in Russia. What is the effectiveness of this spending? In this article, we answer this question by analyzing the effectiveness of the Federal ‘Clean Air’ Project, part of the National ‘Ecology’ Project, which aimed to improve air quality in 12 of the most polluted Russian cities. We show that the project’s key performance indicators (KPIs) underwent significant changes over the 2018–2024 period. The emissions reduction target was lowered from 22% to 20%, the methodology for measuring pollution was revised, and new targets were set. One of the main reasons for this was the suboptimal quality of the data on which the initial plan was based. As a result, the revised emissions estimates produced by the project were found to exceed not only the target benchmarks but also the baseline. The planned targets are largely on track, and it is likely that the target of a 20% reduction in emissions from the 2017 baseline will be met. However, the link between the KPIs and the improvement in urban air quality is questionable. The initial phase of the ‘Clean Air’ Project was a valuable first step, particularly in establishing an air quality monitoring network and conducting detailed pollution assessments in 12 cities. However, to further improve project performance, it is essential to base project KPIs on estimates of air pollution-related health damage and economic losses. Full article

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14 pages, 2358 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Evaluation of Energy Potential in a Landfill Through the Integration of a Biogas–Solar Photovoltaic System

by Héctor Alfredo López-Aguilar, Guadalupe Kennedy Puentes, Luis Armando Lozoya Márquez, Oscar Chávez Acosta, Humberto Alejandro Monreal Romero, Claudia López Meléndez and Antonino Pérez-Hernández

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010017 - 14 Jan 2025

Viewed by 886

Abstract

The integration of biogas and photovoltaic solar energy systems in sanitary landfills represents a promising strategy for sustainable energy generation and efficient urban waste management. This study evaluates the potential for biogas and photovoltaic energy production in two cells of the Municipal Landfill [...] Read more.

The integration of biogas and photovoltaic solar energy systems in sanitary landfills represents a promising strategy for sustainable energy generation and efficient urban waste management. This study evaluates the potential for biogas and photovoltaic energy production in two cells of the Municipal Landfill of Chihuahua, Mexico. Using the LandGEM and MMB models (Landfill Gas Emission Model and the Mexican Biogas Model), biogas generation was estimated by considering the composition of the landfill gas and the characteristics of the cover in each cell, revealing notable differences due to their operational periods and waste deposition. Photovoltaic simulations, conducted with the HelioScope software 2020, evaluated spatial configurations and solar radiation data. The generation potential for 2025 was simulated using predictive models, yielding results between 25.48 and 26.08 MW for the biogas–photovoltaic system, depending on the orientation of the panels and the optimization of the coverage. The novelty of this work lies in the combined evaluation of biogas and photovoltaic potential within a single landfill site, integrating advanced modeling tools to optimize system design. By demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of this hybrid system, the study contributes to clean energy solutions, environmental mitigation, and improved waste management strategies. Our findings emphasize the importance of site-specific management practices and predictive modeling to enhance renewable energy production and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, supporting sustainable urban development initiatives. Full article

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Graphical abstract

62 pages, 1164 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Literature Review of Recent Advances on Innovative Computational Tools for Waste Management in Smart Cities

by Sergio Nesmachnow, Diego Rossit and Pedro Moreno-Bernal

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010016 - 10 Jan 2025

Viewed by 683

Abstract

This article reviews the literature surrounding innovative computational tools for waste management within smart cities. With the rise of urbanization and the increasing challenges of waste management, innovative technologies play a pivotal role in optimizing waste collection, sorting, recycling, and disposal processes. Leveraging [...] Read more.

This article reviews the literature surrounding innovative computational tools for waste management within smart cities. With the rise of urbanization and the increasing challenges of waste management, innovative technologies play a pivotal role in optimizing waste collection, sorting, recycling, and disposal processes. Leveraging computational tools such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and big data analytics, smart waste management systems enable real-time monitoring, predictive modeling, and optimization of waste-related operations. These tools empower authorities to enhance resource efficiency, minimize environmental impact, and improve the overall quality of urban living. Through a comprehensive review of recent research and practical implementations, this article highlights the key features, benefits, and challenges associated with the development of cutting-edge computational tools for waste management. Emerging trends and opportunities for research and development in this rapidly evolving field are identified, emphasizing the importance of integrating technological innovations for building sustainable and resilient waste management in smart cities. Full article

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21 pages, 4563 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a Semi-Automated Decision-Making Method for the Resilience of Urban Healthcare Systems in Crisis Situations

by Oksana Mulesa, Vladimir Ondrejicka, Oleksii Yehorchenkov, Nataliia Yehorchenkova, Lubomir Jamecny and Marianna Marusynets

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010015 - 10 Jan 2025

Viewed by 481

Abstract

This study is dedicated to solving the problem of how urban healthcare systems function in crisis situations. Cases where crisis situations lead either to population migrations or to a rapid increase in demand for medical services are the focus. There are often cases [...] Read more.

This study is dedicated to solving the problem of how urban healthcare systems function in crisis situations. Cases where crisis situations lead either to population migrations or to a rapid increase in demand for medical services are the focus. There are often cases of the overloading of medical staff within institutions or the entire healthcare system in the city itself during new situations for which there are no clearly developed response protocols, such as the COVID-19 epidemic or man-made disasters. These situations can lead to the uneven access of resources for the population. This study develops a semi-automated decision-making method combining Wald world analysis and fuzzy logic. The method optimizes resource allocation and determines the priority of medical care, and, as a result, reduces the burden on the healthcare system by integrating socio-demographic and medical data. The results of experimental verification confirmed the ability of the method to adapt to dynamic changes, increase the accuracy of decision-making, and reduce response time. Importantly, the proposed method allows for a more equitable and efficient distribution of resources in the context of urbanization and population density growth. Full article

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17 pages, 767 KiB

Open AccessReview

Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) as an Emerging Urban Stressor for Tree Phenology and Physiology: A Review

by Luisa Friulla and Laura Varone

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010014 - 10 Jan 2025

Viewed by 742

Abstract

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an expanding environmental issue, particularly in urban areas. This review aimed to present the state of the art regarding the impact of ALAN on specific and interrelated aspects related to physiological processes and life cycle events in [...] Read more.

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an expanding environmental issue, particularly in urban areas. This review aimed to present the state of the art regarding the impact of ALAN on specific and interrelated aspects related to physiological processes and life cycle events in tree species. The reviewed studies highlighted the multifaceted effects of artificial light on plants, offering insights and perspectives to guide future research in this evolving and stimulating field. ALAN disrupts circadian rhythms, alters photoperiodic responses, and affects photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Changes in phenology such as delayed senescence and altered budburst timing demonstrated species-specific responses, often compounded by other urban stressors like heat and drought. Despite an increased interest, knowledge gaps remain concerning the species-specific responses and the effects of light spectra as well as the long-term consequences on tree physiology. These gaps highlight the need for integrated research approaches and urban planning strategies to mitigate ALAN effects, ensuring the resilience of urban trees and preserving ecosystem services in the context of growing urbanization and climate change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Forestry as a Strategy for Promoting Greener and Healthier Cities)

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22 pages, 1853 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Personal Satisfaction with Accessibility and Service Quality: Spatial Justice in Guangzhou’s Social Housing Communities

by Ruixia Chao, Haolin Hong and Wei Wei

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010013 - 7 Jan 2025

Viewed by 671

Abstract

Individuals in social housing heavily depend on the surrounding infrastructure and services. There is a gap in understanding the needs of vulnerable groups regarding access to these resources. From the lens of spatial justice, we explored the specific needs of financially limited residents, [...] Read more.

Individuals in social housing heavily depend on the surrounding infrastructure and services. There is a gap in understanding the needs of vulnerable groups regarding access to these resources. From the lens of spatial justice, we explored the specific needs of financially limited residents, considering affordability, service levels, and service quality. Surveying 660 individuals across 13 communities in Guangzhou, we firstly assessed the accessibility to facilities by using travel data. Subsequently, a principal component analysis revealed key factors influencing individuals’ satisfaction, including proximity to essential amenities, efficient service, high-quality education, affordability of commercial establishments, and access to healthcare services. While proximity to basic facilities achieves satisfaction, it falls short of ensuring fulfilment in healthcare, commerce, and education service quality. Satisfaction varies by community location and age, with newer communities, especially those established post-2010 in outlying areas, struggling to uphold spatial justice. Full article

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18 pages, 6962 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flood Evacuation in Informal Settlements: Application of an Agent-Based Model to Kibera Using Open Data

by Olivia Butters and Richard J. Dawson

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010012 - 7 Jan 2025

Viewed by 555

Abstract

Flood incident management involves taking actions to save lives and reduce damages during a flood. Agent-based modelling tools have recently been developed to simulate the dynamic interactions between people and floodwater as a flood event unfolds. To date, these have only been applied [...] Read more.

Flood incident management involves taking actions to save lives and reduce damages during a flood. Agent-based modelling tools have recently been developed to simulate the dynamic interactions between people and floodwater as a flood event unfolds. To date, these have only been applied in locations with a wealth of data, relying upon bespoke local or national datasets. Although informal settlements have a concentration of vulnerable people and are often more exposed to natural hazards, data availability is often limited, posing challenges for planning and implementing flood incident management actions. In this study, a model that was first applied in the UK is adapted and applied to simulate flood evacuations in Kibera, a densely populated informal settlement in Nairobi. Although data quality limits some of the model’s potential, the results reproduce patterns of observed behaviour. Evacuation shelters in the Northwest, North, and Northeast are shown to perform best. A major exit route to the South, a bridge crossing, and a river path are shown to be especially prone to congestion during evacuations. This paper reports on the first application of an agent-based model to an informal settlement, Kibera. The demonstration is an important step towards an operational tool for flood incident management planning in informal settlements around the world. Full article

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15 pages, 1885 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rethinking Urban Greening: Implications of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design for Enhancing Perceived Safety in Baitashan Park, Lanzhou

by Fei Hou, Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali, Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki and Aldrin Abdullah

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010009 - 6 Jan 2025

Viewed by 739

Abstract

While urban greening is an effective adaptation strategy for building resilient cities, socioeconomic factors and individual perceptions of urban parks play a significant role in enhancing their safety and inclusiveness. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a widely recognized approach for enhancing [...] Read more.

While urban greening is an effective adaptation strategy for building resilient cities, socioeconomic factors and individual perceptions of urban parks play a significant role in enhancing their safety and inclusiveness. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a widely recognized approach for enhancing safety in urban public spaces. However, existing research has largely overlooked the impact of socioeconomic factors and interpersonal needs on shaping perceptions of safety. Baitashan Park is Located in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China. It is an iconic urban park with significant cultural and recreational value. Despite the park’s popularity, it faces challenges such as uneven accessibility, maintenance discrepancies, and perceived safety concerns, especially among users from the lower socioeconomic status (SES) group. This study examines how SES and interpersonal needs affect the relationship between CPTED principles and perceived safety. Our findings reveal that interpersonal needs significantly mediate the impact of CPTED on perceived safety, with SES playing a moderating role in both the direct and indirect effects. Specifically, the influence of CPTED on perceived safety through interpersonal needs is more pronounced for individuals with higher SES, while the direct effect of CPTED on perceived safety is also stronger for users with higher SES. These results suggest that the effectiveness of CPTED principles can be enhanced by considering the interplay between socioeconomic status and interpersonal dynamics. This study underscores the importance of adopting a holistic approach to urban park design, integrating environmental, social, and economic factors to promote safety, inclusivity, and well-being for all park users. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Forestry as a Strategy for Promoting Greener and Healthier Cities)

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24 pages, 21981 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tourism-Induced Land Use Transformations, Urbanisation, and Habitat Degradation in the Phu Quoc Special Economic Zone

by Can Trong Nguyen, Nigel K. Downes, Asamaporn Sitthi and Chudech Losiri

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010011 - 6 Jan 2025

Viewed by 1260

Abstract

Dynamic development of tourism activities and rapid urbanisation in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) can lead to significant land use and land cover changes (LULCCs) and environmental degradation, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas. This study examines the transformation of land use and its associated [...] Read more.

Dynamic development of tourism activities and rapid urbanisation in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) can lead to significant land use and land cover changes (LULCCs) and environmental degradation, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas. This study examines the transformation of land use and its associated impacts on habitat quality and thermal environment in Phu Quoc Island (Vietnam) over a 20-year period (2003–2023). Using multi-temporal Landsat satellite imagery and random forest classification, we quantify LULCCs and assess the environmental consequences of urban expansion on habitat degradation and intensification of the island’s thermal environment, focusing on land surface temperature (LST) changes. Our analysis reveals that rapid urbanisation, driven by large-scale tourism and infrastructure developments, has led to a significant loss of forest and farmland, leading to a 5.6% decline in habitat quality and a marked increase in LST. The study also highlights the uneven distribution of urban growth, with the majority of expansion occurring in the southern and central regions of the island. By applying the InVEST Habitat Quality Model, we identify key zones of habitat degradation and offer insights into the spatial patterns of environmental sensitivity and changes. Our findings underscore the need for integrated land use planning and sustainable development strategies to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of SEZ-driven urbanisation on island ecosystems. This research provides critical guidance for policymakers, planners, and environmental managers to balance economic growth with environmental conservation in fragile island environments. Full article

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24 pages, 16291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards a Fluid Planning Approach in Germany: An Option for Social Fragmentation?

by Maram Tawil, Christa Reicher, Eva Krings, Mehmet Haydan, Raveena Gadkar, Alena Gavrilova and Ursula Cardenas Vignes

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010010 - 6 Jan 2025

Viewed by 532

Abstract

Contemporary societies are increasingly embossed with migration. Multi-cultural and multi-ethnic communities often live side by side with host communities in cities all over the world. Significant efforts have been made to embrace the different challenges occurring at different levels, among which are the [...] Read more.

Contemporary societies are increasingly embossed with migration. Multi-cultural and multi-ethnic communities often live side by side with host communities in cities all over the world. Significant efforts have been made to embrace the different challenges occurring at different levels, among which are the social structure and layout of such cities; however, challenges still prevail, and continue to showcase socially fragmented patches with significant relevance to everyday life. In this research, a qualitative approach will be adopted to investigate the qualities of life that hinder sound integration, and, therewith, call for new types of planning to overcome such challenges, such as fluid planning. Celebrating identities through integrating new ethnic economies in different settings has resulted in a stepping stone towards integrated solutions, leading to a more coherent and integrated community. Full article

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17 pages, 1089 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Opportunity for a Sustainable Social Economy in Vacant Spain: An Empirical Analysis in COVID-19 Confinement

by Natividad Buceta-Albillos and Esperanza Ayuga-Téllez

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010008 - 3 Jan 2025

Viewed by 635

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic offers an opportunity for the revitalisation of empty Spain and the development of new sustainable business models in a healthier environment, taking the competitive advantages of digitalisation and the benefits of contact with nature. This study presents a positive analysis [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic offers an opportunity for the revitalisation of empty Spain and the development of new sustainable business models in a healthier environment, taking the competitive advantages of digitalisation and the benefits of contact with nature. This study presents a positive analysis of the situation after three months of confinement with the research objective of evaluating the potential for development a sustainable social economy in empty Spain based on the hypotheses presented. In order to demonstrate the six hypotheses put forward in the research, a review of the existing literature was conducted, socio-economic and environmental indicators from official sources were consulted, and descriptive statistics methods have been applied. Digitalisation, the social economy, the bio-economy, and the revitalisation of heritage seem to be the drivers for achieving the challenges proposed. By perceiving reality through a lens that values nature and creative intelligence, a new avenue of opportunities may be opened up, leading to an improvement in quality of life and well-being, and potentially retaining the rural population. Following this study, which assesses the opportunities, risks, and challenges and establishes a plan of measures, players, and resources for future implementation in vacant Spain, new lines of work will become available. Full article

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34 pages, 6218 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Strategies for Mainstreaming Edible Cities with Focus on the City of Lincoln: A Critical Cross-Case Study Analysis of Community Growing Groups in the UK

by Hannah Williams and Amira Elnokaly

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010007 - 2 Jan 2025

Viewed by 787

Abstract

The socio-political climate in the UK, compounded by government austerity measures, has intensified the cost-of-living crisis, significantly impacting the affordability of the food supply chain. This has led to an increasing disconnect from healthy dietary practices and has contributed to declines in mental [...] Read more.

The socio-political climate in the UK, compounded by government austerity measures, has intensified the cost-of-living crisis, significantly impacting the affordability of the food supply chain. This has led to an increasing disconnect from healthy dietary practices and has contributed to declines in mental and physical wellbeing. This paper examines the role of edible city (EC) initiatives in addressing these challenges by enhancing food security, fostering social resilience and supporting community wellbeing. The aim of this research is to understand the tangible links between EC mechanisms and how they align with local, cultural and geographical perspectives. Focusing on the City of Lincoln, UK, this study aims to develop a contextualised EC framework that is culturally and geographically relevant and aligns with global goals for sustainable urban development as outlined in the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG11), promoting inclusive, environmentally safe and economically viable communities. Utilising a mixed methods approach, this research combines qualitative interviews and a critical cross-case analysis of four community growing groups in the UK, alongside quantitative socio-demographic data analysis. The findings reveal that successful EC initiatives adapt to their environment and socio-cultural conditions and highlight the importance of EC diversification for long-term sustainability. Four core themes emerged across the case studies: (1) social prescribing, (2) social capital (3) knowledge sharing and (4) social value. These findings inform the creation of a novel flexible EC framework, Lincoln, providing actionable insights and policy recommendations to support sustainable urban regeneration and enhance community resilience. This research contributes transferable knowledge to inform EC strategies across diverse global urban contexts, promoting a pathway toward resilient and socially cohesive urban environments. Full article

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19 pages, 1522 KiB

Open AccessReview

Shrinking for Survival: Integrating Degrowth Principles into Texas Zoning Regulations

by Alara Yücel and Pamela Durán-Díaz

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010006 - 2 Jan 2025

Viewed by 694

Abstract

The degrowth movement is gradually gaining recognition within North American urban planning, but its influence and application remain limited. Most degrowth-oriented initiatives have remained at a small scale, mostly pertaining to communities and neighbourhoods. This study explores whether it is possible to incorporate [...] Read more.

The degrowth movement is gradually gaining recognition within North American urban planning, but its influence and application remain limited. Most degrowth-oriented initiatives have remained at a small scale, mostly pertaining to communities and neighbourhoods. This study explores whether it is possible to incorporate degrowth principles into larger planning institutions and policies. The paper reviews existing studies on zoning policies and the degrowth movement, employing a qualitative research approach, and utilising secondary data analysis through document and critical discourse analysis. Through this exploration, this study aims to contribute to upscaling and institutionalising degrowth principles and to provide a clear outlook on the movement and its characteristics. Drawing on 32 key sources on zoning and degrowth, alongside two policy documents and a case study of Texas, this study applies coding, content analysis, and GIS mapping to explore the intersections of zoning regulations and degrowth principles in urban planning. The six key principles found to be essential to the degrowth movement—decoupling economics, fostering stronger communities, self-sufficiency, equity, political autonomy/collaboration, and ecological/environmental protection—were analysed in the context of the Texas municipal code for zoning to see whether current zoning ordinances follow the degrowth ideology. The findings reveal that while aspects of degrowth, such as affordable housing initiatives and environmental sensitivity, are present in Texas’ zoning regulations, these remain minimal and often constrained by the overarching focus on economic profitability. To integrate degrowth principles more effectively, significant reforms are required, including disengaging zoning ideologies from economic growth, fostering autonomy and self-sufficiency, and reimagining zoning practices to prioritise equity, ecology, and collective resource management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Study of Urban Geography and City Planning)

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14 pages, 1413 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cork and Compost as Mitigators of Soil Compaction from Trampling in Urban Green Areas: Effects on Plant Growth and Soil Functionality

by Bianca Rompato, Lucia Mondanelli, Ermes Lo Piccolo, Claudia Cocozza, Giovanni Mastrolonardo, Laura Giagnoni, Gregorio Fantoni, Alessandro Bizzarri, Barbara Mariotti, Leonardo Verdi, Alberto Maltoni, Francesco Ferrini and Giacomo Certini

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010005 - 31 Dec 2024

Viewed by 785

Abstract

Compacted soils in urban areas suffer from reduced porosity, impairing plant growth, water infiltration, and gas exchange, thus exacerbating other potential environmental issues. Amending soil with organic matter can reduce bulk density and increase permeability, thereby enhancing soil fertility and functionality. This study [...] Read more.

Compacted soils in urban areas suffer from reduced porosity, impairing plant growth, water infiltration, and gas exchange, thus exacerbating other potential environmental issues. Amending soil with organic matter can reduce bulk density and increase permeability, thereby enhancing soil fertility and functionality. This study evaluated the effects of two organic soil amendments (i.e., chipped cork and municipal waste compost) on soil functionality and the physiology of Quercus ilex trees, following a soil compaction treatment. Five soil treatments were compared: control (no compaction and amendments), soil compaction without amendments, and compaction with amendments including cork, compost, or a combination of both. Soil and plant physiological responses were analyzed during the summer months, focusing on soil gas exchange, temperature, moisture, microbial respiration, enzymatic activity, leaf gas exchange, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, and maximum daily trunk shrinkage. The results showed that amended soils exhibited increased soil gas exchanges, lower temperatures, and higher microbial activity than non-amended compacted soils, thereby reducing the detrimental effects of soil compaction on plant physiology. These findings suggested that incorporating organic amendments into urban soils, especially those subjected to frequent trampling, could make them more resistant/resilient to compaction, supporting healthier green spaces and more sustainable urban ecosystems. Full article

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16 pages, 1751 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Air Pollution and Urban Environment: Residents Approach in the Wider Area of Volos City, Greece

by Louisa Skylodimou, Paschalina Lytoudi and Theodore Metaxas

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010004 - 30 Dec 2024

Viewed by 492

Abstract

Air pollution in urban environments is a complex, multidimensional issue that significantly impacts public health and people’s well-being. Previous studies have tended to focus on general public awareness in metropolitan urban areas. The novelty of this study lies in examining whether perceptions regarding [...] Read more.

Air pollution in urban environments is a complex, multidimensional issue that significantly impacts public health and people’s well-being. Previous studies have tended to focus on general public awareness in metropolitan urban areas. The novelty of this study lies in examining whether perceptions regarding air pollution and the urban environment differ based on specific demographic characteristics such as age and dwelling place in a provincial city of Greece. Thus, a quantitative cross-sectional research approach was employed, resulting in the collection of 659 valid questionnaires from residents in the wider area of Volos city. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA was applied to reveal differences in perceptions of air pollution and its effects on urban well-being. The results indicate that perceptions vary by age, particularly concerning the effects of air pollution on the natural environment. Participants acknowledge that air pollution levels differ across cities of various sizes and recognize the adverse effects of pollution on the overall well-being of urban areas. Furthermore, our analysis reveals significant differences in perceptions between urban and rural residents. Particularly, people living in the city tend to report higher awareness of air pollution levels compared to those in the countryside, highlighting the need for targeted interventions tailored to specific communities. Overall, this study underscores the importance of understanding demographic influences on perceptions of air quality, which can inform policymaking and public health initiatives aimed at improving air quality and mitigating health risks in urban settings. Full article

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23 pages, 1900 KiB

Open AccessReview

Comparative Analysis of Residential Parking Questions in National Travel Surveys: A Cross-Country Study

by Marcel Porschen and Tobias Kuhnimhof

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010003 - 29 Dec 2024

Viewed by 768

Abstract

Availability and utilization of residential parking locations remain a crucial yet often overlooked aspect of urban planning and policy making. Thus, this study investigates questions about residential parking within National Travel Surveys (NTS) across 49 OECD-affiliated countries. The study used a layered framework, [...] Read more.

Availability and utilization of residential parking locations remain a crucial yet often overlooked aspect of urban planning and policy making. Thus, this study investigates questions about residential parking within National Travel Surveys (NTS) across 49 OECD-affiliated countries. The study used a layered framework, differentiating parking locations by on/off-street, public/private access, proximity to dwellings, and infrastructure type to analyze questions and response options. A document review revealed significant variability in the inclusion of residential parking questions, with only 24 of 49 evaluated countries conducting NTS and only 15 explicitly addressing residential parking locations, often via one question. While questions are often similar, the response options are often ambiguous, sometimes misleading, and vary significantly. Based on the results, we identified the following recommendations: (1) adopt and rephrase parking-related questions in new and existing NTS, (2) provide guidance to users on how certain response options are defined, (3) for a more comprehensive understanding of residential parking dynamics, include a question on availability and actual usage, (4) add “National Travel Survey” as a keyword in applicable surveys, and (5) provide easy access to documentation to facilitate data retrieval and international comparison. Full article

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26 pages, 848 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rooftop Photovoltaic for Residential Electricity Self-Sufficiency: Assessing Potential Benefits in Major Japanese Cities

by Samuel Matthew G. Dumlao, Chuyue Yan and Seiichi Ogata

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010002 - 28 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Rooftop photovoltaic (RTPV) systems have the potential to significantly boost residential electricity self-sufficiency in urban areas. However, estimating the self-sufficiency potential of each city is challenging due to the trade-off between target accuracy and data availability, which limits the scalability of existing methods. [...] Read more.

Rooftop photovoltaic (RTPV) systems have the potential to significantly boost residential electricity self-sufficiency in urban areas. However, estimating the self-sufficiency potential of each city is challenging due to the trade-off between target accuracy and data availability, which limits the scalability of existing methods. This study aims to evaluate the potential of RTPV systems to enhance residential electricity self-sufficiency in major Japanese cities. The self-sufficiency analysis employs a balanced approach using statistical data to estimate RTPV and battery storage capacity in detached houses and hourly simulations to capture supply–demand variations. To project the penetration rate, a logistic curve is utilized to estimate the timeline for achieving a 100% installation rate in detached houses. The analysis reveals that RTPV systems could supply approximately 40% of the residential electricity demand in major cities, with some achieving self-sufficiency rates exceeding 65%. Densely populated cities like Tokyo, Osaka, and Kawasaki may only meet a quarter of their demand due to higher energy requirements. Including older detached houses in RTPV deployment boosted self-sufficiency by an average of 11.77%, with cities like Nagoya, Kyoto, and Kitakyushu achieving increases of 15–20%. Battery storage plays a critical role in enhancing self-sufficiency and reducing energy curtailment. Logistic curve projections suggest that most cities are unlikely to reach 100% RTPV penetration before 2050, though leading cities could achieve 75% penetration by then due to favorable growth rates. These findings reveal that while RTPV has substantial potential to improve residential electricity self-sufficiency, additional efforts are necessary to accelerate adoption. Further research is needed to refine capacity estimates, explore the socioeconomic and political context of the cities, and examine alternative pathways for cities like Tokyo, Osaka, and Kawasaki. Full article

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24 pages, 48490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Studying Impacts of Urban Impermeability on Fear of Crime Using the Space Syntax Method; The Kuruçeşme Neighborhood as the Case Study

by Meysam Soleimani and Maryam Golabi

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010001 - 24 Dec 2024

Viewed by 584

Abstract

The complex relationship between crime and urban permeability is evident in the models of CPTED. Access restriction has been considered as a design strategy to reduce crime rates. The present study investigates the impact of impermeability on fear of crime in Kuruçeşme, a [...] Read more.

The complex relationship between crime and urban permeability is evident in the models of CPTED. Access restriction has been considered as a design strategy to reduce crime rates. The present study investigates the impact of impermeability on fear of crime in Kuruçeşme, a historic neighborhood in Bursa. Space Syntax is applied to evaluate the configurational relationship between the neighborhood and the city through correlation analysis of connectivity (local) and integration (global) measures. By choosing the least correlated segments in the scatter plot diagram, two incompatible areas are identified: areas with “excessive permeability” (locally permeable with low global accessibility) and areas with “severe impermeable” (globally accessible with low local permeability). These areas are assessed through semi-structured, in-depth interviews, allowing inhabitants to express their thoughts about and experiences of the fear of victimization. The findings reveal that physical cues perceived as signs of danger are different in public areas characterized with excessive permeability or severe impermeability. The former suffers from a lack of “natural surveillance” and physical disorders, while the latter engenders extreme “territoriality”, resulting in social incivilities. The research underscores that urban impermeability heightens the fear of victimization by changing the configurational features of a neighborhood and manipulating mechanisms of crime prevention. Full article

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Urban Sci., Volume 9, Issue 1 (January 2025) – 20 articles

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