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Agriculture
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Practical Application of Crop Straw Reuse in Agriculture
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Practical Application of Crop Straw Reuse in Agriculture

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Agricultural Systems and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2024) | Viewed by 6208

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hanlin Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ecological Environment Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
Interests: environmental protection; crop straw recycling; planting and breeding integrated technology; soi remediation; soil carbon and nitrogen cycling; soil microbial diversity
Dr. Haiyun Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ecological Environment Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
Interests: risk assessment of emerging pollutants; ecotoxicology; saline alkali soil remediation; nanotechnology; rapid decomposition of straw

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The multi-level recycling of crop straw is an important manifestation of circular agriculture and development. It is necessary to protect the natural ecosystem in the process of resource utilization, so as to reflect the nature of sustainable development and circular utilization in the new era. Crop straw has its own energy characteristics, and straw returning is a common and effective field management practice, with strong influence on soil fertility, physicochemical properties, microbial community structure and crop yield. Straw resources can be utilized as soil conditioning, fertilizer, animal feed, cultivation substrate for producing edible fungi and industrial applications.

Nowadays, research on straw returning to fields is very extensive, including its effects on crop yield, soil fertility, soil nutrient characteristics, soil microbial community structure characteristics, greenhouse gas emissions and other aspects.

We look forward to witnessing a more green, low-carbon, and circular approach to the utilization of straw resources, one which can contribute economic, social and ecological benefits, in addition to achieving the full utilization of waste such as grain, vegetables, livestock and forestry. We mainly focus on the three application directions of straw fertilization, fuel conversion and raw material conversion. We also focus on the effects of straw mulching on crops, straw returning to fields on soil characteristics, the application of straw pyrolysis and fermentation, as well as the mechanical properties and synthetic methods of straw composite materials.

The focus of this Special Issue is to present the developments of crop straw resource utilization in agriculture. We welcome the submission of innovative research, comments and opinion articles on related topics.

Prof. Dr. Hanlin Zhang
Dr. Haiyun Zhang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • crop straw
  • resource utilization
  • circular agriculture
  • straw fertilization
  • ecological benefits
  • straw fuel conversion
  • environmental impact

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4303 KiB  
Article
The Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphorus-Modified Corn Stover Biochar on Lead and Cadmium
by Lina Zhou, Lin Chen, Yuqing Zhang, Yu Zhang, Zhifan Li, Kun Yang and Limei Chen
Agriculture 2024, 14(7), 1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071118 - 11 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 957
Abstract
In order to achieve the purpose of efficiently removing lead and cadmium as the main heavy metals from wastewater, this paper explores the adsorption properties of cadmium ions and lead ions on biochar under different modified conditions prepared from corn stalks as raw [...] Read more.
In order to achieve the purpose of efficiently removing lead and cadmium as the main heavy metals from wastewater, this paper explores the adsorption properties of cadmium ions and lead ions on biochar under different modified conditions prepared from corn stalks as raw materials and potassium phosphate as surface modifiers. Before preparing biochar (BC), the mass ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 (corn stalks to potassium phosphate) were used for pre-modification, and the oxygen-restricted pyrolysis processes of 350 °C, 550 °C and 750 °C were used for treatment. The study discussed the individual and composite adsorption effects of biochar on Pb2+ and Cd2+ under different conditions. The experimental results show that phosphorus modification has changed the physical and chemical properties of the original biochar. Among them, the biochar (2PBC550) with an impregnation ratio of 1:2 and a pyrolysis temperature of 550 °C (2PBC550) exhibits excellent adsorption properties. When the pH of the simulated wastewater is 5 and the amount of adsorbent is 30 mg·L−1, the maximum adsorption capacity of Pb2+ and Cd2+ is 145.48 mg·g−1 and 14.533 mg·g−1, respectively, which are 6.46 times and 3.67 times of the original biochar. The Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorption data of 2PBC550 fit well with the quasi-secondary dynamics and Langmuir isothermal models, indicating that the adsorption process is controlled by single-layer chemical adsorption. In the composite metal system of Pb2+ and Cd2+, 2PBC550 exhibits a stronger affinity for Pb2+ than Cd2+. Through the analysis of characterization methods such as SEM, FTIR, XRD and XPS, it is proved that the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by 2PBC550 is due to precipitation, complexation and π electron interaction. Therefore, 2PBC550 shows great application potential in the repair of wastewater containing Pb2+ or Cd2+. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Practical Application of Crop Straw Reuse in Agriculture)
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18 pages, 4010 KiB  
Article
The Impacts of the C/N Ratio on Hydrogen Sulfide Emission and Microbial Community Characteristics during Chicken Manure Composting with Wheat Straw
by Shangying Cai, Yi Ma, Zhenkang Bao, Ziying Yang, Xiangyu Niu, Qingzhen Meng, Dongsheng Qin, Yan Wang, Junfeng Wan and Xiaoying Guo
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060948 - 18 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1149
Abstract
Wheat straw (WS) has long been subjected to rough treatment by traditional incineration, which not only results in the waste of biomass resources but also poses a risk of atmospheric pollution and is not conducive to the sustainable utilization of natural resources. With [...] Read more.
Wheat straw (WS) has long been subjected to rough treatment by traditional incineration, which not only results in the waste of biomass resources but also poses a risk of atmospheric pollution and is not conducive to the sustainable utilization of natural resources. With great humification potential, WS can be utilized as a valuable composting material. The study optimized the C/N ratio by mixing WS and chicken manure (CM) as composting raw materials, and found that this method could significantly improve the compost quality. In comparison to the conventional poplar woodchip (PW) conditioning, the incorporation of WS resulted in an elevated composting temperature, an extended high-temperature period, a more expeditious lignocellulose degradation, a notable enhancement in the organic matter content, a suppression of hydrogen sulfide production under low C/N ratio, and a promotion of elemental sulfur conversion, collectively contributing to an enhanced overall quality and environmental friendliness of the compost. Correlation analysis of microbial communities and environmental factors demonstrated that the mixed compost facilitated the growth of actinomycetes and sulfur-transforming bacteria. Additionally, structural equation model indicated that parameters such as temperature and pH value played a key role in the composting process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Practical Application of Crop Straw Reuse in Agriculture)
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19 pages, 3496 KiB  
Article
Optimal Soil, Climate, and Management Factors for Maximizing Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients in a Rice–Oilseed Rotation System with Straw Return
by Jianling Song, Quanquan Sun, Qiankun Li, Umair Ashraf, Xu Hu and Lin Li
Agriculture 2024, 14(3), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14030414 - 4 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2207
Abstract
Straw return (SR) has been widely recommended as a conservation agricultural practice in China. However, the effects of SR on crop yield and soil properties are inconsistent across studies of rice–oilseed rape cropping systems in China. This study aimed to investigate the effects [...] Read more.
Straw return (SR) has been widely recommended as a conservation agricultural practice in China. However, the effects of SR on crop yield and soil properties are inconsistent across studies of rice–oilseed rape cropping systems in China. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SR on crop yield and soil nutrient content in a rice–oilseed rotation system, and to understand the mechanism of straw return on the difference in yield increases between rice and oilseed rape. Additionally, suitable climate factors, soil properties, and agricultural practices were identified to achieve maximum increases in yield and soil nutrients in a rice–oilseed rotation under SR. This paper is based on a meta-analysis of 1322 observations from 83 peer-reviewed studies to evaluate the effects of climate, initial soil conditions, and agricultural management practices on rice and oilseed rape yields and soil nutrients under SR. The results showed that the responses of oilseed rape and rice yield remained positive, with 12.37% and 6.54% increases, and were significantly higher under SR than the control (no SR). Moreover, SR significantly increased the contents of several soil nutrients (soil organic carbon (SOC), total nutrients, available nutrients) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN). Interestingly, the increase in crop yields was attributed to the increase in SOC, total nitrogen, and available potassium. Additionally, the increase in yields was mainly affected by climate factors, initial soil properties, and agronomic practices. For example, both mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) had a positive correlation with crop yield increases under SR (p < 0.01). Initial soil conditions such as low SOC and total nitrogen content were more suitable for increased rice yield under SR, while the opposite was true for increased oilseed rape yield. Without fertilization, the SR did not significantly improve crop yield and soil nutrients, while it was more pronounced with N fertilization at 150–180 kg hm−2. The positive effect of SR on crop yields is more evident with plowing tillage, whereas the SR caused the highest increase in soil nutrients with the no-tillage condition. These findings have important implications for further improving crop yield, SOC, and soil nutrients in the Chinese rice–oilseed cropping system through straw return. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Practical Application of Crop Straw Reuse in Agriculture)
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20 pages, 10548 KiB  
Article
CFD-Based Study on the Airflow Field in the Crushing Chamber of 9FF Square Bale Corn Stalk Pulverizer
by Jie Zhang, Xiang Tian, Chao Zhao, Xiuzhen Yu, Shiguan An, Rui Guo and Bin Feng
Agriculture 2024, 14(2), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020219 - 29 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1127
Abstract
During the steady operation of the 9FF square bale corn stalk pulverizer, the rapidly rotating spindle drives the hammers and impellers to form a complicated airflow field environment in the crushing chamber. The flow field characteristics in the crushing chamber can affect the [...] Read more.
During the steady operation of the 9FF square bale corn stalk pulverizer, the rapidly rotating spindle drives the hammers and impellers to form a complicated airflow field environment in the crushing chamber. The flow field characteristics in the crushing chamber can affect the motion law of stalks, thus influencing the pulverizing effect of the hammer blades on stalks and the ejection of materials. Based on establishing the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculation model of the crushing chamber in the 9FF square bale corn stalk pulverizer, in this paper, the effect of three groups of components, such as the hammer rack and blades, hammer rack and blades and the sieve, as well and the sieve and the impeller, on the distribution characteristics of airflow field in the crushing chamber. The simulation results show that the hammer piece group, screen, and impeller in the crushing room can effectively improve the crushing quality of materials, with the crushing efficiency and conveying efficiency at the highest speed of 3000 r/min. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Practical Application of Crop Straw Reuse in Agriculture)
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