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Agriculture
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Sustainable Production of Legumes and Oil Crops
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Sustainable Production of Legumes and Oil Crops

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2023) | Viewed by 18186

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra

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Guest Editor
Department of Agroecology and Plant Production, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
Interests: sustainable crop production; legume crops; oilseed crops; biodiversity; crop modeling; biostimulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
Interests: soil science; soil nutrition; soil tillage; legume crops; oilseed crops; intercropping

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The world population is predicted to double by 2050, imposing an increasing demand for high-quality food that is accompanied by increasing concerns for the environment. Sustainable agriculture combines the most important principles and practices to meet these challenges. Sustainable crop production deals with integrated pest management, protecting biodiversity, ensuring food safety and food quality, improving nutrient quality, and fertilizing the soil with organic fertilizers. Sustainably produced crops are more beneficial to the environment and consumers in comparison to commercial crops. Based on this fact, sustainable legume and oil crop production is being increasingly demanded. A significant increase in the world demand for natural protein and fat represents a great opportunity to restore agro-environment biodiversity by increasing the cultivation of legume crops and oilseed crops in areas dominated by cereals. Legumes and oilseed crops, whose beneficial role in cropping systems is widely acknowledged, are needed now more than ever to increase the sustainability of crop production. Legumes are important food and feed crops, being key components of the diet, as well as staple crops, and exert their benefits through increased biological nitrogen fixation, thus reducing energy costs and improving soil physical conditions and biodiversity. Oilseed crops are very important for the market as a source of fat for food and fodder production. Oilseed cultivation positively affects soil conditions and enhances biodiversity in cereal monoculture systems.

Dr. Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra
Dr. Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • sustainable intensification
  • biodiversity
  • intercropping
  • plant physiology
  • crop modeling
  • plant community
  • pest management

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3498 KiB  
Article
SIMONTO-Pea: Phenological Models to Predict Crop Growth Stages in BBCH of Grain and Green Peas (Pisum sativum) for Temporal Pest Management
by Manuela Schieler, Natalia Riemer, Benno Kleinhenz, Helmut Saucke, Michael Veith and Paolo Racca
Agriculture 2024, 14(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14010015 - 21 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1841
Abstract
Many pests damage pea crops, which potentially leads to reduced quality and yield losses. Since pests occur at different phenological growth stages of pea crops, the prediction of growth stages, for example as BBCH stages, is beneficial. In this study, three models have [...] Read more.
Many pests damage pea crops, which potentially leads to reduced quality and yield losses. Since pests occur at different phenological growth stages of pea crops, the prediction of growth stages, for example as BBCH stages, is beneficial. In this study, three models have been developed to simulate growth stages of grain and green pea crops, for the latter with early and late sowing dates. All data, such as BBCH stages and air temperature, were collected in Germany in a three-year study under practical farming conditions at 415 sample sites. For the development of each model, a Gompertz regression model based on the observed data was performed. The model validation suggests that each model precisely and reliably predicts pea crop growth stages for spring-sown peas. Amongst others, the RMSEIndex for grain peas was 3.4; for green peas, early and late sowing dates, respectively, they were 3.4 and 4.5. SIMONTO-Pea (SIMulation of ONTOgenesis) is the first model that predicts detailed pea crop growth stages based on the BBCH scale. This innovation is especially beneficial for users such as advisors and farmers dealing with spring-sown pea crops as a decision support system in monitoring and pest management according to pea crop growth stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Production of Legumes and Oil Crops)
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14 pages, 1767 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Agronomic Management in Different Tillage Systems on the Fall Growth of Winter Oilseed Rape
by Artur Szatkowski, Mateusz Sokólski, Dariusz Załuski and Krzysztof Józef Jankowski
Agriculture 2023, 13(2), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020440 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1888
Abstract
The article presents the results of a three-year study, which analyzed agronomic management in the production of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) in different tillage systems. The effects of weed control and growth regulation in fall on the number of rosette leaves, epicotyl length, [...] Read more.
The article presents the results of a three-year study, which analyzed agronomic management in the production of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) in different tillage systems. The effects of weed control and growth regulation in fall on the number of rosette leaves, epicotyl length, root collar diameter, taproot length, rosette weight, root weight, and the overwintering success of WOSR plants in different tillage systems were determined in the study. A field experiment was conducted at the University’s Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny in north-eastern Poland in three growing seasons (2016/2017–2018/2019). The experiment had a mixed 21 × 32 factorial design with two replications, where one factor was evaluated at two levels, and two factors were evaluated at three levels. The experimental factors were: A—tillage: (A0) strip-till, (A1) low-till, and (A2) conventional tillage; B—weed control: (B0) pre-emergent, (B1) foliar, and (B2) sequential; C—growth regulation: (C0) none and (C1) in fall. Winter oilseed rape plants developed rosettes with the optimal morphometric parameters in the strip-till system. Sequential and foliar application of herbicides decreased the dry matter (DM) content of leaf rosettes (by approx. 18%). The application of the growth regulator in BBCH stages 14–15 increased taproot length by 3%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Production of Legumes and Oil Crops)
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20 pages, 1557 KiB  
Article
Accumulation of Minerals in Faba Bean Seeds and Straw in Relation to Sowing Density
by Magdalena Serafin-Andrzejewska, Anna Jama-Rodzeńska, Waldemar Helios, Andrzej Kotecki, Marcin Kozak, Monika Białkowska, Jan Bárta and Veronika Bártová
Agriculture 2023, 13(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010147 - 6 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2320
Abstract
Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) are a high-protein legume crop that can be widely cultivated in most climates in Europe. The amino acid composition of the faba bean protein is also beneficial for monogastric animals since it contains a great deal of [...] Read more.
Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) are a high-protein legume crop that can be widely cultivated in most climates in Europe. The amino acid composition of the faba bean protein is also beneficial for monogastric animals since it contains a great deal of lysine, an amino acid that is deficient in cereals. Two genotypes of faba beans were cultivated at three sowing densities (45, 60 and 75 seeds per m2) during three growing seasons (years 2013–2015). The aim of the research was to assess accumulation of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) of two faba beans in seeds and straw under different sowing densities. A field experiment was conducted in 2013–2015 at fields of Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences in southwestern Poland from which plant material was used for chemical analysis in terms of determining the accumulation of the following elements—N, P, Mg, K and Ca—in the seeds and straw. The results showed that the genotypes of the faba bean varied greatly in accumulation of nutrients in various sowing densities and in following years of research. However, the average accumulation of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium in seeds for three years (2013–2015) was significantly higher in the Bobas cultivar under 60 seeds per m2 as well as in both tested cultivars using 75 seeds per m2. Accumulation of potassium and phosphorus in seeds was highest in both analyzed cultivars using 60 and 75 seeds per m2 (average for 2013–2015). Considering accumulation of elements in the straw of faba bean, it is shown that the concentration of potassium and calcium was the highest in both tested cultivars under the effect of sowing density at 60 and 75 seeds per m2 while the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium did not differ significantly as an effect of the interaction of cultivar and sowing date (average for 2013–2015). Weather conditions played an important role in accumulation of nutrients of both faba bean genotypes in the years of research (2013–2015). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Production of Legumes and Oil Crops)
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14 pages, 1013 KiB  
Article
Water Use Efficiency, Spectral Phenotyping and Protein Composition of Two Chickpea Genotypes Grown in Mediterranean Environments under Different Water and Nitrogen Supply
by Michele Andrea De Santis, Antonio Satriani, Fortunato De Santis and Zina Flagella
Agriculture 2022, 12(12), 2026; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122026 - 27 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1904
Abstract
Chickpea is a drought-tolerant crop and an important source of protein, relevant to its beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to assess the response to agronomic management, including water and nitrogen supply, of crop physiological and agronomic traits in relation to [...] Read more.
Chickpea is a drought-tolerant crop and an important source of protein, relevant to its beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to assess the response to agronomic management, including water and nitrogen supply, of crop physiological and agronomic traits in relation to water use efficiency and grain protein composition. Two varieties, Pascià and Sultano, were grown at two different sites in South Italy under rainfed and irrigated conditions, with and without starter nitrogen fertilization. Crop physiological assessment was carried out by hyperspectral phenotyping at flowering and during grain filling. Increases in grain yield and grain size in relation to water supply were observed for water use up to about 400 mm. Water use efficiency increased under starter nitrogen fertilization, and Pascià showed the highest values (4.8 kg mm−1). The highest correlations of the vegetation indexes with the agronomic traits were observed in the later growth stage, especially for the optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI); furthermore, grain filling rate showed a strong relationship with photochemical reflectance index (PRI). Experimental factors mainly influenced protein composition rather than protein content. In particular, the 7s vicilin protein fraction showed a negative correlation with grain yield and water use, while lectin showed an opposite response. Both fractions are of interest for consumer’s health because of their allergenic and antinutritional properties, respectively. Data from spectral phenotyping will be useful for digital farming applications, in order to assess crop physiological status in modern agricultural systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Production of Legumes and Oil Crops)
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13 pages, 1371 KiB  
Article
Pre-Sowing Laser Light Stimulation Increases Yield and Protein and Crude Fat Contents in Soybean
by Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra, Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner, Anna Ślizowska, Dominika Kot, Jan Wincenty Dobrowolski, Zbigniew Pilch and Ewa Dacewicz
Agriculture 2022, 12(10), 1510; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101510 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2123
Abstract
Pre-sowing laser light stimulation is a method commonly used to increase the productivity of legume species. However, it has not been proved that single-laser light stimulation is a more effective technique for enhancing plant productivity and seed yield quality than using different laser [...] Read more.
Pre-sowing laser light stimulation is a method commonly used to increase the productivity of legume species. However, it has not been proved that single-laser light stimulation is a more effective technique for enhancing plant productivity and seed yield quality than using different laser lights in sequence, by which means synergistic relations are produced. A two-year, single-factor field experiment was performed in order to test selected combinations of light stimulation of soybean seeds, the effectiveness of which would be expressed as increased plant yield and improved quality parameters. Pre-sowing light stimulation of soybean seeds was shown to significantly influence the morphological traits of the plants. It significantly increased pod number, pod weight, seed number, and seed weight compared to the control. Coherent laser light stimulation of soybean seeds with a helium–neon laser and with an argon laser increased soybean yields by 30% on average compared to the control. The ratio of the yield from the main shoot to the yield from the lateral branches in this treatment was 40:60, indicating that pre-sowing stimulation of seeds had a significant and positive effect by increasing the yield of the lateral branches relative to the control. Stimulation of seeds (3 × 3 s) with a helium–neon laser significantly increased protein content in soybean seeds, on average by 11% compared to the control. A longer duration of pre-sowing stimulation of seeds (3 × 9 s) resulted in a significant increase in crude fat content in the seeds by an average of 5% compared to the control. The use of physical light stimulation on soybean seeds is a promising solution for increasing soybean yields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Production of Legumes and Oil Crops)
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18 pages, 1488 KiB  
Article
Rhizobium and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Influence the Soil Nutrient Availability, Growth, Yield, and Quality of Soybean
by Swarna Shome, Alak Barman and Zakaria M. Solaiman
Agriculture 2022, 12(8), 1136; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081136 - 31 Jul 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6283
Abstract
Crop production encounters challenges due to the dearth of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), while excessive use of chemical fertilizers causes environmental hazards. Use of rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can be a sustainable strategy to overcome these problems. Hence, a pot [...] Read more.
Crop production encounters challenges due to the dearth of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), while excessive use of chemical fertilizers causes environmental hazards. Use of rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can be a sustainable strategy to overcome these problems. Hence, a pot experiment was conducted following a completely randomized design to explore the impact of nitrogen fixing bacteria and PSB on the growth, yield, and quality attributes of soybean alongside soil nutrient availability using Rhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas striata. The experiment consisted of two factors—R. japonicum (100% N, R. japonicum alone or with 50% N and control) and P. striata (100% P, P. striata with 75% P and control). Results revealed a significant influence of interaction on seed N, yield, protein, oil, and nodules of soybean. Microbial inoculants with or without N and P fertilizers produced a statistically similar yield as 100% N and P. Furthermore, R. japonicum and P. striata along with 50% N and 75% P increased 7% protein and 19% oil than 100% N and P. R. japonicum enhanced soil N content and P. striata improved soil phosphorus availability. Overall, R. japonicum and P. striata inoculation with 50% N and 75% P can potentially improve the yield and the quality of soybean and soil nutrient conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Production of Legumes and Oil Crops)
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