Genetic Improvement of Millets for Food, Nutrition, Energy, and Environment

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2023) | Viewed by 3086

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
Interests: genetics and genomics of cereal crops; nutrigenomics; anti-nutrients; transcriptomics; bioinformatics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global population is projected to reach 10 billion by the year 2050, whereas the food base has narrowed to three staple crops: rice, wheat, and maize. These three crops, and a few other plant species, cater to the nutritional requirements of the global population and, thus, have received much research attention. However, focusing the research only on these crops will not suffice to address food and nutritional security. Global Hunger Index and Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates show the alarming prevalence of food shortages and how 'hidden hunger' impacts children's future. Addiitonally, climate change is threatening present-day agriculture. The scenario is projected to worsen in the coming days, as IPCC has declared climate change 'irreversible.' Overdependence on non-renewable energy sources adds to the environmental aberrations; therefore, identifying a sustainable solution is imperative to address food, nutrition, energy, and environmental security. In this scenario, millets are shown to have the potential to address multiple securities. Considering this, the United Nations has declared the year 2023 as the 'International Year of Millets.' 

Millets were once a part of our regular diet, but, consequently, have become marginally cultivated crops, confined to a particular region, race, or locality. Millets, being reared in environments with minimal resources, retain their potential to withstand heat, drought, pathogen and pest infection, and poor soil nutrition. They also have the answers to globally prevalent energy and environmental issues. Given this, research is being carried out on millets to identify the genetic determinants underlying their key traits related to food, nutrition, energy, and environment, and subsequently improving these traits using genetics and genomics approaches. 

This Special Issue aims to bring the millet research community together by publishing their research outcomes focusing on increasing millets’ adaptability and tolerance to environmental stresses, nutritional potential, bioenergy, and biofuel traits. Comprehensive reviews providing insights into the above aspects are also welcome.

Dr. Muthamilarasan Mehanathan
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • millets
  • genetic improvement
  • food security
  • nutrition
  • bioenergy
  • biofuel
  • genomics
  • trait mapping

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1953 KiB  
Article
Nitrogen Use Efficiency Regulates Drought Stress in Pearl Millet Genotypes: Morpho-Physiological Evaluation
by Shiv Shankar Shukla and Sanjib Kumar Panda
Agriculture 2023, 13(3), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030680 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2244
Abstract
In this paper, the author discusses the effects of drought stress on pearl millet genotypes during the vegetative stage of development and the plant’s mechanisms for survivability under stress with various nitrogen treatment regimes. A total of six treatment conditions were imposed on [...] Read more.
In this paper, the author discusses the effects of drought stress on pearl millet genotypes during the vegetative stage of development and the plant’s mechanisms for survivability under stress with various nitrogen treatment regimes. A total of six treatment conditions were imposed on plants, i.e., N0 (no Nitrogen-0 mM), N0+PEG-10%, LN (low Nitrogen-2.5 mM), LN+PEG-10%, HN (high Nitrogen-7.0 mM), and HN+PEG-10%. Five days of moderate drought stress caused significant morphophysiological changes, as evidenced by a reduction in fresh and dry biomass, as well as relative water content (RWC), relative electrolyte leakage, and chlorophyll fluorescence,. A significant reduction in plant biomass and RWC when compared to the controls was seen. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels increased in the shoot in response to drought stress along with a loss of membrane integrity. A nitrogen treatment regime regulated the drought stress. In relation to N0-treated batches, proline accumulation increased in various N-treated batches. Results revealed that GHB-538 is less tolerant to drought stress in different N treatment conditions, while RHB-234 and 223 showed better tolerance to drought under nitrogen treatments. The significance of this study is to uncover the regulatory role of nitrogen over the drought stress in pearl millet. Full article
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