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Agronomy
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Epidemiology and Management of Fruit and Foliar Diseases
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Epidemiology and Management of Fruit and Foliar Diseases

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Pest and Disease Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 16219

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Renaud Travadon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Interests: plant pathology; population biology; mycology; integrated pest management; biological control; fruit and nut crops; viticulture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The current pandemic is a stark reminder of the importance of the science of epidemiology. Regardless of causal and target organisms, epidemiology has improved our understanding of disease dynamics in time and space and allowed us to design and implement effective control strategies. Pathogenic microorganisms constantly challenge plant populations in agricultural and natural ecosystems, and plant diseases represent a serious threat to crop productivity and food security. Plant disease epidemiologists have endeavored to identify and quantify the environmental and biological factors driving disease outbreaks while devising successful disease management practices. Continued research efforts in plant disease epidemiology are of utmost importance, particularly, considering the constant challenges posed by plant pathogens with recent host range and/or geographical range expansions, the numerous, recurring outbreaks from endemic pathogens, as well as changes in modern cropping practices conducive to disease emergence. 

This Special Issue will focus on “Epidemiology and Management of Fruit and Foliar Diseases”. We welcome original research articles, reviews, and opinion pieces covering any related topics, including (but not limited to) the following: disease forecast and prediction systems for disease management; disease assessment and quantification; influence of biotic and abiotic factors on disease spread at multiple spatial scales; pathogen population biology; temporal and spatial dynamics of plant disease epidemics; pathogen dispersal and disease spread; host resistance for disease management; and evaluation of control measures for fruit and foliar diseases including cultural, chemical and biological methods.

Dr. Renaud Travadon
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Epidemiology
  • Plant disease
  • Disease risk
  • Disease management
  • Alternate hosts and disease epidemiology
  • Host resistance
  • Spore dispersal and disease spread
  • Pathogen origins and migration routes
  • Pathogen diagnosis
  • New disease control methods

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 591 KiB  
Article
The Recent Occurrence of Biotic Postharvest Diseases of Apples in Poland
by Hubert Głos, Hanna Bryk, Monika Michalecka and Joanna Puławska
Agronomy 2022, 12(2), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020399 - 5 Feb 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3011
Abstract
For the years 2012–2018, we investigated the occurrence of storage diseases caused by fungi on four cultivars of apples grown in the central part of Poland. The fruits were picked in orchards managed with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices and stored in a [...] Read more.
For the years 2012–2018, we investigated the occurrence of storage diseases caused by fungi on four cultivars of apples grown in the central part of Poland. The fruits were picked in orchards managed with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices and stored in a cold room for 5–7 months. Depending on the season, apple cultivar and localization of orchard, the incidence of diseases was different. On apple cvs “Gala”, “Ligol” and “Golden Delicious”, bull’s eye rot (Neofabraea spp.) was the most frequently observed disease, whereas on apple cv. “Gloster”, gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) predominated. The blue mold (Penicillium expansum), brown rot (Monilinia spp.) and fungi of Alternaria spp. occurred at significantly lower intensity. We detected the occurrence of the new storage diseases of apples caused by Colletotrichum spp., Neonectria ditissima and Diaporthe eres. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Management of Fruit and Foliar Diseases)
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16 pages, 2067 KiB  
Article
Polyphasic Analysis of Isolates from Kiwifruit Reveal New Genetic Lineages of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum Look-Alike
by Félix Morán, Ester Marco-Noales, Elena Landeras, Montserrat Roselló, Adela Abelleira, Ana J. Gonzalez and María M. López
Agronomy 2021, 11(12), 2464; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122464 - 3 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2181
Abstract
Currently, kiwifruit cultivation arouses great economic interest in the agricultural sector in several countries of the European Union due to high consumer demand and good results achieved in terms of production potential and fruit quality. One of the main bacterial species that cause [...] Read more.
Currently, kiwifruit cultivation arouses great economic interest in the agricultural sector in several countries of the European Union due to high consumer demand and good results achieved in terms of production potential and fruit quality. One of the main bacterial species that cause yield losses in kiwifruit plants is Pseudomonas syringae. Diseases such as bacterial canker, caused by pathovar (pv.) actinidiae; floral bud necrosis caused by pv. syringae and leaf spots caused by pv. actinidifoliorum (Pfm) are clear examples. Between 2014 and 2017, in the main kiwifruit producing areas in the north and east of Spain, several surveys were carried out in search of these pathogens. Analyses realized from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants of Actinidiadeliciosa revealed the existence of new bacterial isolates close to Pfm. These new isolates werelow virulence pathogens similar to Pfm but belonging to a new group of P. syringae that affected the leaves of A. chinensis var. deliciosa. This study focused on the characterization and classification of these new isolates by a polyphasic approach in order to provide more information for understanding how the different populations of P.syringae affecting kiwifruit. They had the phenotypic characteristics of Pfm but by molecular approaches, they constituted a supported genetic lineage closely-related to Pfm independent of the five lineages described so far. This work revealed the great diversity found in P. syringae species affecting kiwifruit plants and supports the hypothesis that Pfm is a low virulence pathogen which is long established in Europe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Management of Fruit and Foliar Diseases)
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16 pages, 66524 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Analyses of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Commercial Tomato Greenhouses
by Luis Felipe González-Concha, Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez-Gil, Raymundo Saúl García-Estrada, Ángel Rebollar-Alviter and Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza
Agronomy 2021, 11(7), 1268; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071268 - 22 Jun 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4312
Abstract
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging pathogen affecting tomato-production systems in several countries, including Mexico. This situation involves challenges due to the negative impact on yield and the lack of disease-management measures. This work analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution of ToBRFV [...] Read more.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging pathogen affecting tomato-production systems in several countries, including Mexico. This situation involves challenges due to the negative impact on yield and the lack of disease-management measures. This work analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution of ToBRFV in commercial tomato greenhouses. The presence or absence of diseased plants was evaluated weekly, assigning a location in space (x, y). Temporal analysis consisted of fitting the incidence to the monomolecular, logistic, log-logistic, Gompertz, exponential, Weibull, and Richard models, evaluated using the Akaike information criterion, significance, correlation, coefficient of determination, and root mean square error. Spatial analysis consisted of determining spatial aggregation using the Moran, Fisher, and Lloyd indices. In addition, spatial distribution was assessed by sequence observations, point patterns using the inverse distance index, and analysis by SADIE distance indicators. Results indicated that the logistic models (log-logistic and logistic) best described the temporal progress of ToBRFV. This disease also had slightly aggregated patterns in the initial phase, highly aggregated in the exponential phase, and uniform in the deceleration and stationary phases. This study demonstrates that the spatial and temporal dynamics of ToBRFV have important implications for the monitoring, diagnosis, management, and risk prediction of this disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Management of Fruit and Foliar Diseases)
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21 pages, 3317 KiB  
Article
Warm and Wet Autumns Favour Yield Losses of Oilseed Rape Caused by Phoma Stem Canker
by Andrzej Brachaczek, Joanna Kaczmarek and Malgorzata Jedryczka
Agronomy 2021, 11(6), 1171; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061171 - 8 Jun 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2777
Abstract
Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is the main source of domestic oil in central and northern Europe, bringing profits to farmers, but the plants are often damaged by stem canker, caused by two fungal species belonging to the genus Leptosphaeria. Due [...] Read more.
Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is the main source of domestic oil in central and northern Europe, bringing profits to farmers, but the plants are often damaged by stem canker, caused by two fungal species belonging to the genus Leptosphaeria. Due to environmental concerns, the benefits of fungicide applications must outweigh disadvantages. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of stem canker on seed yield and its quality and find out the best timing of fungicide application. The multi-year field experiments were done at two sites in south-west Poland, where the disease is regarded as a serious problem. The fungicide treatments with the azole-containing preparation followed the same scheme each year; a single application was made at one-week intervals, starting in late September through mid-November for a total of eight treatments. Seed yield, oil and protein content, mass of thousand seeds as well as indole-and alkenyl-glucosinolate contents in seeds were statistically unrelated with the incidence and severity of phoma leaf spotting and stem canker symptoms. The significant decrease of the seed yield was observed in three (site × year combinations) of eight, in which phoma leaf spotting and stem canker were severe. Yield loss was noted only in years with warm and wet autumns, when cumulative mean temperatures between BBCH14 and BBCH19 plant growth stages exceeded 60 °C and precipitation in this period exceeded 110 mm of rain. Under these conditions, fungicide treatments were highly effective when they were done between BBCH15–BBC16 growth stages (5–6 true leaves). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Management of Fruit and Foliar Diseases)
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17 pages, 876 KiB  
Article
Isolation and Characterization of Rhodococcus spp. from Pistachio and Almond Rootstocks and Trees in Tunisia
by Sabrine Dhaouadi, Amira Mougou Hamdane and Ali Rhouma
Agronomy 2021, 11(2), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020355 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2947
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify Rhodococcus spp. strains from almond and pistachio rootstocks and trees in Tunisia. Twenty-eight strains were identified through 16S rDNA and vicA genes amplification and sequencing. Pea bioassay was performed to determine the [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify Rhodococcus spp. strains from almond and pistachio rootstocks and trees in Tunisia. Twenty-eight strains were identified through 16S rDNA and vicA genes amplification and sequencing. Pea bioassay was performed to determine the pathogenicity of the strains. Representative 16S rDNA and vicA sequences of eight strains from pistachio and seven strains from almond were closely related (>98% similarity) to Rhodococcus spp. accessions in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences revealed that the yellow-colored strains clustered with phytopathogenic Rhodococcusfascians. The red and orange-colored strains were separated into a different group with R. kroppenstedtii and R. corynebacteiroides isolates. Eleven strains affected the pea seedlings’ growth and exhibited different levels of virulence. The number of shoots was significantly higher in seedlings inoculated with four Rhodococcus strains, whereas the other three strains caused up to 80% of plant height reduction and reduced root secondary growth compared to non-inoculated pea seedlings. These strains, most of which are epiphytes from asymptomatic hosts, showed strong pathogenicity during pea bioassay and were established endophytically in pea tissues. Ten att and five fas genes were detected in four strains and may represent a novel model of plant pathogenic Rhodococcus virulence. The results of our survey showed that Rhodococcus is present but not prevalent in all visited orchards of almond and pistachio rootstocks and trees. Our surveys complemented the investments being made on ornamental species in Tunisia and unveiled the presence of undocumented plant-associated Rhodococcus spp. on economically important crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Management of Fruit and Foliar Diseases)
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