Sustainable Orchard Management in Mediterranean Fruit Trees and Vineyard Cultivation

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Horticultural and Floricultural Crops".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 9025

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 - 90128 Palermo, Italy
Interests: agronomy; cropping systems; soil erosion; soil carbon dynamics
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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo 13, Italy
Interests: fruitculture; biodiversity; pomology; ecophysiology

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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 - 90128 Palermo, Italy
Interests: Viticulture; Table Grape; Flower Biology; Fruit Growth and Development

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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Interests: viticulture; vine; grapevine varieties; orchard systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to present this Special Issue, focused on the topic of sustainable orchard management in Mediterranean fruit trees and vineyard cultivation, intended to present the state of the art and to highlight and suggest new ideas and contributions to this topic of particular significance for both scientists and growers.

Fruit tree orchards and vineyards represent interesting case studies on the potential tradeoffs and synergies of ecosystem services in the context of the Mediterranean cultural environments.

This Special Issue aims to publish sound experimental evidence of environmentally friendly and sustainable orchard management methods and practices in Mediterranean fruit trees and vineyard cultivation, both in eco-physiological and productive terms at the individual plant level, as well as on the entire agro-ecosystem level. According to the general aims and scope of the journal Agronomy, we encourage colleagues to publish their experimental and theoretical research in the area of Mediterranean agro-ecosystems, with special emphasis on the impact of management practices adopted in fruit tree crops on ecosystem services (ES) and on the real comparative value of alternative management models with respect to conventional management.

In particular, topics, such as the C sink function of fruit tree ecosystems and the regulating ES; the reduction of soil erosion, crop water footprint, and greenhouse gas emissions; the management of plant nutrition and of the soil organic matter; the integration of crop and livestock systems; the weed evolutionary dynamics and its management strategies; the use of cover crops; the recycling of pruning residuals, etc., up to the verification of the effects put in place on the main crop; the evaluation of the different potential ES offered with regard also to biodiversity; and the resilience of the Mediterranean fruit trees and vineyard agro-ecosystems, will be particularly welcome, as well as the analysis and the presentation of indicators and models to quantify the related ES offered by the various management systems.

Prof. Luciano Gristina
Prof. Ettore Barone
Prof. Rosario Di Lorenzo
Dr. Antonino Pisciotta
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Mediterranean fruit tree crops
  • Mediterranean ecosystems
  • Orchard management
  • Sustainability
  • Ecosystem services provision
  • Floor management
  • Plant management
  • Biodiversity
  • Plant nutrition
  • Water storage

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1976 KiB  
Article
Early Leaf Removal Increases Berry and Wine Phenolics in Cabernet Sauvignon Grown in Eastern Serbia
by Dejan Stefanovic, Nina Nikolic, Ljiljana Kostic, Slavica Todic and Miroslav Nikolic
Agronomy 2021, 11(2), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020238 - 28 Jan 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2102
Abstract
Cluster zone leaf removal is a well-established viticulture practice for improving cluster microclimate and wine quality in cooler climates, while its efficacy in warmer conditions is less is known. Here we compared the effect of early (ELR, after fruit set; diameter of berries [...] Read more.
Cluster zone leaf removal is a well-established viticulture practice for improving cluster microclimate and wine quality in cooler climates, while its efficacy in warmer conditions is less is known. Here we compared the effect of early (ELR, after fruit set; diameter of berries 3–5 mm) and late (LLR, beginning of veraison) leaf removal on berry composition and wine phenolic profile of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) variety Cabernet Sauvignon grown in a temperate, warmer region of Eastern Serbia. Compared to the control (no leaf removal), both leaf removal treatments increased the sugar content in fresh juice and alcohol concentration in wine. Over three consecutive years (2011–2013) markedly different in temperature and rainfall, ELR was clearly most effective in decreasing weights of cluster and of one berry, and in increasing of skin share in a berry. The content of total phenols, tartaric acid esters, anthocyanins, and flavanols in berry skin and wine was the highest in ELR treatment. ELR prominently modified the phenolic profile: Increasing flavanols, myricetin and quercetine in skin and wine, and anthocyanins, peonidin-3-glucoside in skin and delphinidin-3-glucoside in wine. This work demonstrated that early leaf removal positively influenced the chemical composition of berries and wine of Cabernet Sauvignon and might be recommended for practice in the temperate warm conditions. Full article
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17 pages, 1935 KiB  
Article
Cover Crop and Pruning Residue Management to Reduce Nitrogen Mineral Fertilization in Mediterranean Vineyards
by Antonino Pisciotta, Rosario Di Lorenzo, Agata Novara, Vito Armando Laudicina, Ettore Barone, Antonino Santoro, Luciano Gristina and Maria Gabriella Barbagallo
Agronomy 2021, 11(1), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010164 - 16 Jan 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3258
Abstract
This paper aimed to study the effect of temporary cover crop and vine pruning residue burial as alternative practices to conventional tillage on soil nitrate (NO3-N) availability and grapevine performance in the short term. The trial was carried out in a [...] Read more.
This paper aimed to study the effect of temporary cover crop and vine pruning residue burial as alternative practices to conventional tillage on soil nitrate (NO3-N) availability and grapevine performance in the short term. The trial was carried out in a rain-fed vineyard (Vitis vinifera L., cv Grecanico dorato/140 Ruggeri) located in a traditional Mediterranean viticultural area (37°32′48′′ N; 13°00′15′′ E) in Sicily (Italy). Conventional tillage (CT) soil management was compared with winter cover crop (CC), conventional tillage plus buried pruning residue (CT + PR), and winter cover crop plus buried pruning residue (CC + PR) management treatments. Two fertilizer treatments (92 kg ha−1 of N as urea and 0 kg ha−1) were applied to the four soil management treatments. Vicia faba L. was the selected leguminous cover crop species, which was seeded in autumn and buried in spring at the same time as vine pruning residues. The soil NO3-N content was monitored, and vine vegetative growth, yield, and must quality were assessed over two seasons. Results showed that NO3-N availability strongly differed between fertilized (F) and unfertilized (UF) plots and years and among treatments. A positive effect of winter leguminous CC + PR on the Grecanico dorato grapevine performance was observed. In the UF vineyard, grape fertility, yield, Ravaz index, and total soluble solids were significantly higher in CC + PR vines than in other treatments, thus showing the reliability of reducing N mineral fertilization and related risks of excess nitrate in groundwater. The possibility of increasing the overall sustainability of rain-fed vineyards in a semiarid agro-ecosystem, without negative effects on grape and must quality, is also demonstrated. Full article
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16 pages, 4050 KiB  
Article
Investigating Sentinel 2 Multispectral Imagery Efficiency in Describing Spectral Response of Vineyards Covered with Plastic Sheets
by Enrico Borgogno-Mondino, Laura de Palma and Vittorino Novello
Agronomy 2020, 10(12), 1909; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121909 - 2 Dec 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2976
Abstract
The protection of vineyards with overhead plastic covers is a technique largely applied in table grape growing. As with other crops, remote sensing of vegetation spectral reflectance is a useful tool for improving management even for table grape viticulture. The remote sensing of [...] Read more.
The protection of vineyards with overhead plastic covers is a technique largely applied in table grape growing. As with other crops, remote sensing of vegetation spectral reflectance is a useful tool for improving management even for table grape viticulture. The remote sensing of the spectral signals emitted by vegetation of covered vineyards is currently an open field of investigation, given the intrinsic nature of plastic sheets that can have a strong impact on the reflection from the underlying vegetation. Baring these premises in mind, the aim of the present work was to run preliminary tests on table grape vineyards covered with polyethylene sheets, using Copernicus Sentinel 2 (Level 2A product) free optical data, and compare their spectral response with that of similar uncovered vineyards to assess if a reliable spectral signal is detectable through the plastic cover. Vine phenology, air temperature and shoot growth, were monitored during the 2016 growing cycle. Twenty-four Copernicus Sentinel 2 (S2, Level 2A product) images were used to investigate if, in spite of plastic sheets, vine phenology can be similarly described with and without plastic covers. For this purpose, time series of S2 at-the-ground reflectance calibrated bands and correspondent normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified soil-adjusted vegetation index, version two (MSAVI2) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) spectral indices were obtained and analyzed, comparing the responses of two covered vineyards with different plastic sheets in respect of two uncovered ones. Results demonstrated that no significant limitation (for both bands and spectral indices) was introduced by plastic sheets while monitoring spectral behavior of covered vineyards. Full article
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