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Antibiotics
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Antibiotic Therapy against Bacterial Infection: Efficacy, Determinants, Mechanism and Future...
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Antibiotic Therapy against Bacterial Infection: Efficacy, Determinants, Mechanism and Future Prospects

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 7728

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Leonardo Pagani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Infectious Diseases Unit Room 4.607 Bolzano - Central Hospital Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial stewardship; AMR; One Health; clinical pharmacology of antimicrobials; patient safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Piera Ceschi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Prevention, South Tyrolean Healthcare Service, Bressanone, Italy
Interests: veterinary and public health; biosecurity; AMR; veterinary pharmacosurveillance and pharmacovigilance; healthcare management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Antibiotics are by far some of the most used drugs, both in human and veterinary medicine.

Even though mortality related to infectious diseases decreased deeply after the introduction of antibiotics into clinical practice, in recent decades, mortality rates due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) have increased at a steady and alarming pace, making antimicrobial resistance (AMR) a major global health concern today.

As resistant genes are not secluded in hospitals but are also widely diffused in the environment, it is pivotal to tackle this threat in the widest manner possible.

To improve patient outcome and minimize consequences (especially in terms of emergence of MDRO), it is essential to choose the right drug, for the right patient, at the right time, and at the right dose. In this respect, awareness of the responsible prescription of antibiotics and their combinations needs to be strengthened.

Not only should clinicians consider appropriate diagnostic tools among traditional and newer ones, but antimicrobial stewardship should also be promoted at all levels, to preserve the lifespan of existing antibiotics and improve patient safety. As a matter of fact, while AMR is increasing rapidly, the development of novel antibiotics classes is slow, and it requires joint actions from academia, pharmaceutical companies, policymakers, and stakeholders.

This Special Issue welcomes submissions concerning the responsible prescription of antibiotics, antibiotics susceptibility testing, sustainable development of novel antibiotics classes, and alternative strategies to tackle AMR.

Dr. Leonardo Pagani
Dr. Piera Ceschi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pharmacodynamics
  • empiric antimicrobial therapy
  • antimicrobial combinations
  • antimicrobial susceptibility testing
  • antimicrobial stewardship
  • antimicrobial resistance

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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11 pages, 1031 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of N-Acetylcysteine against Pathogens Most Commonly Associated with Infectious Keratitis in Dogs and Cats
by Hanna Walter, Jutta Verspohl, Jessica Meißner, Hilke Oltmanns, Anna Karoline Geks and Claudia Busse
Antibiotics 2023, 12(3), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030559 - 11 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3493
Abstract
To determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against common pathogens associated with infectious keratitis in dogs and cats, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus (S.) pseudintermedius (n = 20), Streptococcus (St.) canis (n = 10) and Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa (n = 7) [...] Read more.
To determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against common pathogens associated with infectious keratitis in dogs and cats, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus (S.) pseudintermedius (n = 20), Streptococcus (St.) canis (n = 10) and Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa (n = 7) of canine and feline infectious ulcerative keratitis and a quality control strain (P. aeruginosa DSM 19880) were tested. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NAC concentrations was determined using microdilution methodology. For S. pseudintermedius and P. aeruginosa, NAC concentrations in the range of 1.56 mg/mL (0.156%) to 100 mg/mL (10%), and for St. canis, concentrations ranging from 0.195 mg/mL (0.0195%) to 6.25 mg/mL (0.625%) were tested. For S. pseudintermedius, the MIC was 3.12 mg/mL (0.312%) for all tested isolates. For P. aeruginosa isolates and the quality control strain, the MIC ranged from 3.12 mg/mL (0.312%) to 6.25 mg/mL (0.625%). For St. canis, the MIC ranged from 1.56 mg/mL (0.156%) to 3.12 mg/mL (0.312%). NAC has an in vitro antimicrobial activity against three bacterial species commonly found in infectious keratitis in dogs and cats and therefore may be a promising alternative or adjuvant to topical antibiotics. The results warrant a clinical pilot study to assess the potential of NAC to reduce or replace the use of topical antibiotics in line with the One Health approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Therapy against Bacterial Infection: Efficacy, Determinants, Mechanism and Future Prospects)
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27 pages, 415 KiB  
Review
Current Uses and Future Perspectives of Genomic Technologies in Clinical Microbiology
by Irene Bianconi, Richard Aschbacher and Elisabetta Pagani
Antibiotics 2023, 12(11), 1580; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111580 - 30 Oct 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3356
Abstract
Recent advancements in sequencing technology and data analytics have led to a transformative era in pathogen detection and typing. These developments not only expedite the process, but also render it more cost-effective. Genomic analyses of infectious diseases are swiftly becoming the standard for [...] Read more.
Recent advancements in sequencing technology and data analytics have led to a transformative era in pathogen detection and typing. These developments not only expedite the process, but also render it more cost-effective. Genomic analyses of infectious diseases are swiftly becoming the standard for pathogen analysis and control. Additionally, national surveillance systems can derive substantial benefits from genomic data, as they offer profound insights into pathogen epidemiology and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global public health issue. While clinical laboratories have traditionally relied on culture-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the integration of genomic data into AMR analysis holds immense promise. Genomic-based AMR data can furnish swift, consistent, and highly accurate predictions of resistance phenotypes for specific strains or populations, all while contributing invaluable insights for surveillance. Moreover, genome sequencing assumes a pivotal role in the investigation of hospital outbreaks. It aids in the identification of infection sources, unveils genetic connections among isolates, and informs strategies for infection control. The One Health initiative, with its focus on the intricate interconnectedness of humans, animals, and the environment, seeks to develop comprehensive approaches for disease surveillance, control, and prevention. When integrated with epidemiological data from surveillance systems, genomic data can forecast the expansion of bacterial populations and species transmissions. Consequently, this provides profound insights into the evolution and genetic relationships of AMR in pathogens, hosts, and the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Therapy against Bacterial Infection: Efficacy, Determinants, Mechanism and Future Prospects)
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