Antioxidants

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13 pages, 2263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

10(E)-Pentadecenoic Acid Inhibits Melanogenesis Partly Through Suppressing the Intracellular MITF/Tyrosinase Axis

by Min-Kyeong Lee, Kyoung Mi Moon, Su-Yeon Park, Jaeseong Seo, Ah-Reum Kim and Bonggi Lee

Antioxidants 2024, 13(12), 1547; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121547 - 17 Dec 2024

Viewed by 605

Abstract

Melanogenesis, the biological process responsible for melanin synthesis, plays a crucial role in determining skin and hair color, photoprotection, and serving as a biomarker in various diseases. While various factors regulate melanogenesis, the role of fatty acids in this process remains underexplored. This [...] Read more.

Melanogenesis, the biological process responsible for melanin synthesis, plays a crucial role in determining skin and hair color, photoprotection, and serving as a biomarker in various diseases. While various factors regulate melanogenesis, the role of fatty acids in this process remains underexplored. This study investigated the anti-melanogenic properties of 10(E)-pentadecenoic acid (10E-PDA) through both in silico and in vitro analyses. SwissSimilarity was utilized to predict the functional properties of 10E-PDA by comparing it with structurally similar lipids known to exhibit anti-melanogenic effects. Subsequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that 10E-PDA significantly reduced melanin production and intracellular tyrosinase activity in α-MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone)-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells without exhibiting significant cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 15 μM. Further mechanistic studies revealed that 10E-PDA inhibited the nuclear translocation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), consistent with the decrease observed in p-MITF protein levels. It also decreased the mRNA levels of tyrosinase-related proteins (TRP-1, TRP-2) and tyrosinase, while reducing the protein levels of TRP-1 and tyrosinase, but not TRP-2. These findings suggest that 10E-PDA exerts its anti-melanogenic effects by modulating the MITF/tyrosinase axis, presenting potential therapeutic implications for skin pigmentation disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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18 pages, 7089 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Limonin Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Inhibiting mTORC1 and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Psoriatic-like Skin Inflammation

by Seung Taek Lee, Jong Yeong Lee, Ha Eun Kim, Jun-Young Park and Jin Kyeong Choi

Antioxidants 2024, 13(12), 1541; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121541 - 16 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by abnormal immune responses and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Limonin, a bioactive compound found in citrus fruits, has anti-inflammatory properties in various models; however, its effects on psoriasis are not fully understood. We investigated the therapeutic potential [...] Read more.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by abnormal immune responses and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Limonin, a bioactive compound found in citrus fruits, has anti-inflammatory properties in various models; however, its effects on psoriasis are not fully understood. We investigated the therapeutic potential of limonin in a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced psoriasis mouse model. Mice were treated with TPA to induce psoriasis-like skin lesions, followed by intraperitoneal administration of limonin (200 or 400 μg/mouse) for six days. The results showed that limonin improved psoriasis-related symptoms in a psoriasis-like mouse model by suppressing the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related antimicrobial peptides and regulating the expansion of myeloid cells and T cells. Specifically, limonin reduced glucose uptake and oxidative phosphorylation to shift the metabolic program in the inflamed skin cells of psoriasis-like mice. Limonin activates AMPK and proteins related to mTOR inhibition, thereby suppressing the mTOR signaling pathway. It also inhibits mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial ROS production, thereby preventing the development of dysfunctional mitochondria in inflamed skin cells. Overall, limonin modulates key immune responses and metabolic pathways related to inflammation and mitochondrial health in psoriasis. Therefore, it is a promising natural candidate for the treatment of psoriasis and various inflammatory skin diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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15 pages, 2697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photoprotective Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Ethanol Extract from Sargassum horneri on UVB-Exposed HaCaT Keratinocytes

by Kirinde Gedara Isuru Sandanuwan Kirindage, Arachchige Maheshika Kumari Jayasinghe, Chang-Ik Ko, Yong-Seok Ahn, Soo-Jin Heo, Eun-A Kim, Nam-Ki Cho and Ginnae Ahn

Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1342; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111342 - 1 Nov 2024

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Abstract

The present study investigated the photoprotective effect of the ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extract (USHE) from Sargassum horneri, a brown seaweed containing fucosterol (6.22 ± 0.06 mg/g), sulfoquinovosyl glycerolipids (C₂₃H₄₃O₁₁S, C₂₅H₄₅O₁₁S, C [...] Read more.

The present study investigated the photoprotective effect of the ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extract (USHE) from Sargassum horneri, a brown seaweed containing fucosterol (6.22 ± 0.06 mg/g), sulfoquinovosyl glycerolipids (C₂₃H₄₃O₁₁S, C₂₅H₄₅O₁₁S, C₂₅H₄₇O₁₁S, C₂₇H₄₉O₁₁S), and polyphenols, against oxidative damage in ultraviolet B (UVB)-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes. USHE indicated antioxidant activity in ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. After screening experiments, 15.6, 31.3, and 62.5 µg/mL concentrations of USHE and ascorbic acid as positive control were selected to be used throughout the investigation. USHE increased cell viability by markedly reducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in UVB-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes. Additionally, USHE reduced the apoptosis and sub-G₁ cell population and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, USHE modulated the protein expression levels of anti-apoptotic molecules (Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and PARP) and pro-apoptotic molecules (Bax, cleaved caspase-3, p53, cleaved PARP, and cytochrome C). This modulation accorded with the upregulation of cytosolic heme oxygenase (HO)-1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO 1), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), collectively known as components of the antioxidant system. These findings suggest that USHE has a photoprotective effect on UVB-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes and can be utilized to develop cosmeceuticals for UVB protection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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15 pages, 2792 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nannochloropsis oceanica Lipid Extract Moderates UVB-Irradiated Psoriatic Keratinocytes: Impact on Protein Expression and Protein Adducts

by Adam Wroński, Agnieszka Gęgotek, Tiago Conde, Maria Rosário Domingues, Pedro Domingues and Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1236; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101236 - 14 Oct 2024

Viewed by 968

Abstract

Psoriasis is characterized by excessive exfoliation of the epidermal layer due to enhanced pro-inflammatory signaling and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, further modulated by UV-based anti-psoriatic treatments. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of a lipid extract derived from the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica [...] Read more.

Psoriasis is characterized by excessive exfoliation of the epidermal layer due to enhanced pro-inflammatory signaling and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, further modulated by UV-based anti-psoriatic treatments. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of a lipid extract derived from the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica on the proteomic alterations induced by lipid derivatives in non-irradiated and UVB-irradiated keratinocytes from psoriatic skin lesions compared to keratinocytes from healthy individuals. The findings revealed that the microalgae extract diminished the viability of psoriatic keratinocytes without affecting the viability of these cells following UVB exposure. Notably, the microalgae extract led to an increased level of 4-HNE-protein adducts in non-irradiated cells and a reduction in 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-protein and 15-deoxy-12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2)-protein adducts in UVB-exposed keratinocytes from psoriasis patients. In healthy skin cells, the extract decreased the UV-induced elevation of 4-HNE-protein and 15d-PGJ2-protein adducts. The antioxidant/anti-inflammatory attributes of the lipid extract from the Nannochloropsis oceanica suggest its potential as a protective agent for keratinocytes in healthy skin against UVB radiation’s detrimental effects. Moreover, it could offer therapeutic benefits to skin cells afflicted with psoriatic lesions by mitigating their proliferation and inflammatory responses during UV radiation treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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20 pages, 27097 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quercus infectoria Gall Ethanolic Extract Accelerates Wound Healing through Attenuating Inflammation and Oxidative Injuries in Skin Fibroblasts

by Suttiwan Wunnoo, Decha Sermwittayawong, Rachanida Praparatana, Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai and Chanawee Jakkawanpitak

Antioxidants 2024, 13(9), 1094; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091094 - 9 Sep 2024

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Abstract

Quercus infectoria Olivier (Fagaceae) nutgall, a traditional Asian medicine, is renowned for its efficacy in treating wounds and skin disorders. Although the gall extract has shown promising results in accelerating wound healing in diabetic animal models, its mechanisms, particularly the effects on redox [...] Read more.

Quercus infectoria Olivier (Fagaceae) nutgall, a traditional Asian medicine, is renowned for its efficacy in treating wounds and skin disorders. Although the gall extract has shown promising results in accelerating wound healing in diabetic animal models, its mechanisms, particularly the effects on redox balance, remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Q. infectoria gall ethanolic extract (QIG) on wound healing in fibroblasts, with a specific emphasis on its modulation of oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-treated L929 cells were used as an in vitro model of oxidation-damaged fibroblasts. QIG exhibited potent antioxidant activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay values of 305.43 ± 7.48, 508.94 ± 15.12, and 442.08 ± 9.41 µM Trolox equivalents (TE)/µg, respectively. Elevated H₂O₂ levels significantly reduced L929 cell viability, with a 50% lethal concentration of 1.03 mM. QIG mitigated H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, showing protective effects in pre-, post-, and co-treatment scenarios. QIG significantly reduced H₂O₂-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production and inflammation-related gene expression (p < 0.05). Additionally, at 25 µg/mL, QIG remarkably improved wound closure in H₂O₂-treated L929 cells by approximately 9.4 times compared with the H₂O₂ treatment alone (p < 0.05). These findings suggest QIG has potential therapeutic applications in wound healing, mediated through the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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22 pages, 5582 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resolvin D5 Protects Female Hairless Mouse Skin from Pathological Alterations Caused by UVB Irradiation

by Priscila Saito, Ingrid C. Pinto, Camilla C. A. Rodrigues, Ricardo L. N. de Matos, David L. Vale, Cristina P. B. Melo, Victor Fattori, Telma Saraiva-Santos, Soraia Mendes-Pierotti, Mariana M. Bertozzi, Ana P. F. R. L. Bracarense, Josiane A. Vignoli, Marcela M. Baracat, Sandra R. Georgetti, Waldiceu A. Verri and Rubia Casagrande

Antioxidants 2024, 13(8), 1008; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13081008 - 19 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1089

Abstract

Resolvin D5 (RvD5) is a lipid mediator that has been reported to present anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution properties. Evidence also supports its capability to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during bacterial infections, which would be detrimental in diseases driven by ROS. The biological [...] Read more.

Resolvin D5 (RvD5) is a lipid mediator that has been reported to present anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution properties. Evidence also supports its capability to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during bacterial infections, which would be detrimental in diseases driven by ROS. The biological activity of RvD5 and mechanisms against UVB irradiation skin pathology have not been investigated so far. Female hairless mice were treated intraperitoneally with RvD5 before UVB stimulus. RvD5 reduced skin edema in a dose-dependent manner as well as oxidative stress by increasing antioxidants (endogenous tissue antioxidant scavenging of cationic radical, iron reduction, catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels) and decreasing pro-oxidants (superoxide anion and lipid peroxidation). RvD5 antioxidant activity was accompanied by enhancement of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression. RvD5 reduced the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10. RvD5 also reduced the inflammatory cell counts, including mast cells and neutrophils/macrophages. The reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation resulted in diminished matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity, collagen degradation, epidermal thickening and sunburn cell development. Therefore, this study demonstrates, to our knowledge, the first body of evidence that RvD5 can be used to treat UVB skin pathology and unveils, at least in part, its mechanisms of action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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15 pages, 3522 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Syringaresinol Attenuates α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Melanogenesis

by Kyuri Kim, Jihyun Yoon and Kyung-Min Lim

Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070876 - 21 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1486

Abstract

Ginseng has been utilized for centuries in both the medicinal and cosmetic realms. Recent studies have actively investigated the biological activity of ginseng berry and its constituents. (+)-Syringaresinol [(+)-SYR], an active component of ginseng berry, has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on [...] Read more.

Ginseng has been utilized for centuries in both the medicinal and cosmetic realms. Recent studies have actively investigated the biological activity of ginseng berry and its constituents. (+)-Syringaresinol [(+)-SYR], an active component of ginseng berry, has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on the skin, but its potential impact on skin pigmentation has not been fully explored. Here, the antioxidant and anti-pigmentary activity of (+)-SYR were evaluated in B16F10 murine melanoma cells and in an artificial human pigmented skin model, Melanoderm™. A real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and histochemistry staining were conducted to confirm the effects of (+)-SYR on pigmentation. (+)-SYR reduced melanogenesis and dendrite elongation in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-primed B16F10 cells with low cytotoxicity. (+)-SYR suppressed the expression of melanogenic genes, namely tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). Notably, (+)-SYR attenuated α-MSH-induced cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which was attributable at least in part to the suppression of NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX 4) expression. Finally, the brightening activities of (+)-SYR were verified using Melanoderm™, underscoring the potential of ginseng berry and (+)-SYR as functional ingredients in skin-brightening cosmetics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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15 pages, 1719 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Induction of Semaphorin 3A by Resveratrol and Pinostilbene via Activation of the AHR-NRF2 Axis in Human Keratinocytes

by Gaku Tsuji, Ayako Yumine, Koji Kawamura, Masaki Takemura and Takeshi Nakahara

Antioxidants 2024, 13(6), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13060732 - 17 Jun 2024

Viewed by 2286

Abstract

Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), a nerve-repellent factor produced by keratinocytes, has an inhibitory effect on nerve extension to the epidermis. Epidermal innervation is involved in pruritus in inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and dry skin. We previously reported that tapinarof, a [...] Read more.

Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), a nerve-repellent factor produced by keratinocytes, has an inhibitory effect on nerve extension to the epidermis. Epidermal innervation is involved in pruritus in inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and dry skin. We previously reported that tapinarof, a stilbene molecule, upregulates SEMA3A in human keratinocytes. We also showed that this mechanism is mediated via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) axis. Since some stilbenes activate AHR and NRF2, we attempted to identify other stilbenes that upregulate SEMA3A. We analyzed normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) treated with 11 types of stilbenes and examined SEMA3A expression. We found that resveratrol and pinostilbene, antioxidant polyphenols, upregulated SEMA3A and increased nuclear AHR and NRF2 expression. In addition, AHR knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection abolished the NRF2 nuclear expression. Furthermore, AHR and NRF2 knockdown by siRNA transfection abrogated resveratrol- and pinostilbene-induced SEMA3A upregulation. Finally, we confirmed that resveratrol and pinostilbene increased SEMA3A promoter activity through NRF2 binding using ChIP-qPCR analysis. These results suggest that resveratrol and pinostilbene upregulate SEMA3A via the AHR–NRF2 axis in human keratinocytes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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29 pages, 10971 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Melanogenic Activity of Ethanolic Extract from Garcinia atroviridis Fruits Using In Vitro Experiments, Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

by Aman Tedasen, Anchalee Chiabchalard, Tewin Tencomnao, Kenshi Yamasaki, Hideyuki J. Majima, Atthaphong Phongphithakchai and Moragot Chatatikun

Antioxidants 2024, 13(6), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13060713 - 12 Jun 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2670

Abstract

Melanin, the pigment responsible for human skin color, increases susceptibility to UV radiation, leading to excessive melanin production and hyperpigmentation disorders. This study investigated the ethanolic extract of Garcinia atroviridis fruits for its phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and impact on melanogenesis [...] Read more.

Melanin, the pigment responsible for human skin color, increases susceptibility to UV radiation, leading to excessive melanin production and hyperpigmentation disorders. This study investigated the ethanolic extract of Garcinia atroviridis fruits for its phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and impact on melanogenesis pathways using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Utilizing network pharmacology, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations, researchers explored G. atroviridis fruit extract’s active compounds, targets, and pharmacological effects on hyperpigmentation. G. atroviridis fruit extract exhibited antioxidant properties, scavenging DPPH^• and ABTS^•+ radicals radicals and chelating copper. It inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content in stimulated B16F10 cells, downregulating TYR, TRP-1, phosphorylated CREB, CREB, and MITF proteins along with transcription levels of MITF, TYR, and TRP-2. LC-MS analysis identified thirty-three metabolites, with seventeen compounds selected for further investigation. Network pharmacology revealed 41 hyperpigmentation-associated genes and identified significant GO terms and KEGG pathways, including cancer-related pathways. Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside exhibited high binding affinity against MAPK3/ERK1, potentially regulating melanogenesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Stable ligand–protein interactions in molecular dynamics simulations supported these findings. Overall, this study suggests that the ethanolic extract of G. atroviridis fruits possesses significant antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory, and anti-melanogenic properties mediated through key molecular targets and pathways. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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12 pages, 3147 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Peiminine Exerts Its Anti-Acne Effects by Regulating the NF-κB Pathway

by So Jin Cha, Seon Sook Kim, Jin Hak Shin and Su Ryeon Seo

Antioxidants 2024, 13(1), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13010131 - 22 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2361

Abstract

Peiminine is the main natural alkaloid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Fritillaria. Although peiminine is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in conditions such as mastitis and arthritis, its impact on inflammation induced by Cutibacterisum acnes (C. acnes) has [...] Read more.

Peiminine is the main natural alkaloid compound extracted from the Chinese herb Fritillaria. Although peiminine is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in conditions such as mastitis and arthritis, its impact on inflammation induced by Cutibacterisum acnes (C. acnes) has not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of peiminine on C. acnes-induced inflammatory responses in the skin and to identify the underlying mechanism involved. We discovered that peiminine inhibits the C. acnes-induced expression of inflammatory mediators such as pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Peiminine suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) without affecting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways such as JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK. In addition, we found that peiminine suppressed inflammatory cytokine expression and ameliorated histological symptoms in C. acnes-induced mouse skin. Our study is the first to provide evidence that peiminine has an inhibitory effect on acne, and it points toward the potential of incorporating peiminine into cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations for acne treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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18 pages, 7254 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Geranylgeranylacetone Ameliorates Skin Inflammation by Regulating and Inducing Thioredoxin via the Thioredoxin Redox System

by Tiancheng Jin, Yitong You, Wenjie Fan, Junyang Wang, Yuhao Chen, Shujing Li, Siyuan Hong, Yaxuan Wang, Ruijie Cao, Junji Yodoi and Hai Tian

Antioxidants 2023, 12(9), 1701; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091701 - 31 Aug 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1966

Abstract

Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) exerts cytoprotective activity against various toxic stressors via the thioredoxin (TRX) redox system; however, its effect on skin inflammation and molecular mechanism on inducing the TRX of GGA is still unknown. We investigated the effects of GGA in a murine irritant [...] Read more.

Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) exerts cytoprotective activity against various toxic stressors via the thioredoxin (TRX) redox system; however, its effect on skin inflammation and molecular mechanism on inducing the TRX of GGA is still unknown. We investigated the effects of GGA in a murine irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) model induced by croton oil. Both a topical application and oral administration of GGA induced TRX production and Nrf2 activation. GGA ameliorated ear swelling, neutrophil infiltration, and inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, GM-CSF, and 8-OHdG. GGA’s cytoprotective effect was stronger orally than topically in mice. In vitro studies also showed that GGA suppressed the expression of NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and GM-CSF and scavenged ROS in PAM212 cells after phorbol myristate acetate stimulation. Moreover, GGA induced endogenous TRX production and Nrf2 nuclear translocation in PAM212 cells (dependent on the presence of ROS) and activated the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. GGA significantly downregulated thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) levels in PAM212 cells treated with or without Nrf2 siRNA. After knocking down Nrf2 in PAM212 cells, the effect of GGA on TRX induction was significantly inhibited. This suggests that GGA suppress ICD by inducing endogenous TRX, which may be regulated by PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 mediation of the TRX redox system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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17 pages, 2128 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sargassum filipendula, a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant and Matrix Metalloproteinases Inhibition Activities In Vitro with Potential Dermocosmetic Application

by Yonadys Luna-Pérez, Lady Giselle Ríos-López, Elver Luis Otero-Tejada, Juan Camilo Mejía-Giraldo and Miguel Ángel Puertas-Mejía

Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040876 - 4 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3028

Abstract

The antioxidant and the potential inhibitory capacity of matrix metalloproteinases of the phlorotannin-type polyphenolic and fucoidan-type polysaccharides extracts obtained from the macroalga S. filipendula were evaluated. Through chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, the corresponding chemical structure of compounds present in the extracts was determined. [...] Read more.

The antioxidant and the potential inhibitory capacity of matrix metalloproteinases of the phlorotannin-type polyphenolic and fucoidan-type polysaccharides extracts obtained from the macroalga S. filipendula were evaluated. Through chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, the corresponding chemical structure of compounds present in the extracts was determined. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the methyl linoleate model for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and the free radical scavenging capacity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, ^•OH, O₂^•− methods. The matrix metalloproteinase inhibition potential was measured by collagenase and elastase inhibition tests, using epigallocatechin gallate as a positive control. The extracts exhibited a high scavenging capacity of radical species evaluated and inhibition of diene conjugate formation and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The results showed that the crude extracts presented dose-dependent collagenase and elastase inhibition, with IC₅₀ values between 0.04 and 1.61 mg/mL. The structure of the residues of the polysaccharide was identified mainly as (1→3)-sulfated (1→3) α-l-fucopyranose at carbon 4 and residues of β-d-glucopyranose, α-d-Mannopyranose, and β-d-Galactopyranose, while in the polyphenol extract the presence of phloroglucinol was identified and the presence of eckol, bifuhalol, and trifuhalol was suggested. Our results allow us to infer that S. filipendula is a potential source of bioactive ingredients with antioxidant and anti-aging activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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Review

Jump to: Research

25 pages, 2431 KiB

Open AccessReview

Green Tea Catechins and Skin Health

by Xin-Qiang Zheng, Xue-Han Zhang, Han-Qing Gao, Lan-Ying Huang, Jing-Jing Ye, Jian-Hui Ye, Jian-Liang Lu, Shi-Cheng Ma and Yue-Rong Liang

Antioxidants 2024, 13(12), 1506; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121506 - 10 Dec 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1916

Abstract

Green tea catechins (GTCs) are a group of bioactive polyphenolic compounds found in fresh tea leaves (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). They have garnered significant attention due to their diverse health benefits and potential therapeutic applications, including as antioxidant and sunscreen agents. [...] Read more.

Green tea catechins (GTCs) are a group of bioactive polyphenolic compounds found in fresh tea leaves (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). They have garnered significant attention due to their diverse health benefits and potential therapeutic applications, including as antioxidant and sunscreen agents. Human skin serves as the primary barrier against various external aggressors, including pathogens, pollutants, and harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by intrinsic factors such as genetics and hormonal changes, as well as extrinsic factors like environmental stressors, among which UVR plays a pivotal role in accelerating skin aging and contributing to various dermatological conditions. Research has demonstrated that GTCs possess potent antioxidant properties that help neutralize free radicals generated by oxidative stress. This action not only mitigates cellular damage but also supports the repair mechanisms inherent in human skin. Furthermore, GTCs exhibit anti-carcinogenic effects by inhibiting pathways involved in tumor promotion and progression. GTCs have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. Chronic inflammation is known to contribute significantly to both premature aging and various dermatological diseases such as psoriasis or eczema. By regulating these pathways effectively, GTCs may alleviate symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions. GTCs can enhance wound healing processes by stimulating angiogenesis. They also facilitate DNA repair mechanisms within dermal fibroblasts exposed to damaging agents. The photoprotective properties attributed to GTCs further underscore their relevance in skincare formulations aimed at preventing sun-induced damage. Their ability to screen UV light helps shield underlying tissues from harmful rays. This review paper aims to comprehensively examine the beneficial effects of GTCs on skin health through an analysis encompassing in vivo and in vitro studies alongside insights into molecular mechanisms underpinning these effects. Such knowledge could pave the way for the development of innovative strategies focused on harnessing natural compounds like GTCs for improved skincare solutions tailored to combat environmental stresses faced by the human epidermis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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20 pages, 1721 KiB

Open AccessReview

Resveratrol and Its Derivatives in Inflammatory Skin Disorders—Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: A Review

by Monika Marko and Rafał Pawliczak

Antioxidants 2023, 12(11), 1954; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111954 - 2 Nov 2023

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4733

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are inflammatory skin diseases whose prevalence has increased worldwide in recent decades. These disorders contribute to patients’ decreased quality of life (QoL) and constitute a socioeconomic burden. New therapeutic options for AD and psoriasis based on natural compounds [...] Read more.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are inflammatory skin diseases whose prevalence has increased worldwide in recent decades. These disorders contribute to patients’ decreased quality of life (QoL) and constitute a socioeconomic burden. New therapeutic options for AD and psoriasis based on natural compounds are being investigated. These include resveratrol (3,5,40-trihydroxystilbene) and its derivatives, which are produced by many plant species, including grapevines. Resveratrol has gained interest since the term “French Paradox”, which refers to improved cardiovascular outcomes despite a high-fat diet in the French population, was introduced. Resveratrol and its derivatives have demonstrated various health benefits. In addition to anti-cancer, anti-aging, and antibacterial effects, there are also anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that can affect the molecular pathways of inflammatory skin disorders. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms may help develop new therapies. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been conducted on the therapeutic properties of natural compounds. However, regarding resveratrol and its derivatives in treating AD and psoriasis, there are still many unexplained mechanisms and a need for clinical trials. Considering this, in this review, we discuss and summarize the most critical research on resveratrol and its derivatives in animal and cell models mimicking AD and psoriasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants for Skin Health)

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