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Antioxidants
Special Issues
In Vivo Real-Time Observation of Redox State
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In Vivo Real-Time Observation of Redox State

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "ROS, RNS and RSS".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 12009

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IUOPA and FINBA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
Interests: redox metabolism; cancer; tumor microenvironment; angiogenesis; aging
Dr. Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, F-34293 Montpellier, France
Interests: metabolism; mitochondria; redox; prostate; hematopoiesis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to invite you to contribute to our upcoming Special Issue focused on “In vivo real-time observation of redox state”. The last five years have been a re-discovery of the role of the radical oxygen species (ROS)-a new light has been shed thanks to a huge improvement in redox and antioxidants probes, markers and the spatial resolution of its detection. However, important issues are still unsolved: the specificity of the probes, pharmacological or biological interference of the signal, limited capacity of the existing probes to be applied in in vivo models and the complete absence of a suitable redox probe for humans are among the major voids in the field. For humans, apart from blood measurements of antioxidant capacity, measurements such as protein levels and end-point redox damage are excessively time- and resource-consuming and do not provide a real-time observation of the redox state of the patient.

This Special Issue invites scientists from different areas of the field to share their valued experience, either contributing with original articles or reviews. We aim to reach the chemistry synthesis of probes, to the experience in the use of the different available techniques in vivo for both cell culture and animal models, as well as sharing their perspective on the human observation of the redox state.

Hoping to discuss and learn from your excellent contributions to Antioxidants.

Dr. Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez
Dr. Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antioxidant
  • Redox
  • In vivo redox imaging
  • Redox probe
  • Real-time redox measurement
  • Antioxidant capacity
  • Fluorescence redox probe

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4090 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Label-Free Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy for Monitoring Oxidative Stress In Vitro in Live Human Cancer Cells
by Jakub Maciej Surmacki, Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez and Sarah Elizabeth Bohndiek
Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 573; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030573 - 17 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3388
Abstract
Understanding the impact of free radicals and antioxidants in cell biology is vital; however, noninvasive nonperturbative imaging of oxidative stress remains a challenge. Here, we evaluated the ability of label-free Raman spectroscopy to monitor redox biochemical changes in antioxidant (N-acetyl-l [...] Read more.
Understanding the impact of free radicals and antioxidants in cell biology is vital; however, noninvasive nonperturbative imaging of oxidative stress remains a challenge. Here, we evaluated the ability of label-free Raman spectroscopy to monitor redox biochemical changes in antioxidant (N-acetyl-l-cysteine, NAC) and pro-oxidant (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, TBHP) environments. Cellular changes were compared to fluorescence microscopy using CellROX Orange as a marker of oxidative stress. We also investigated the influence of cell media with and without serum. Incubation of cells with NAC increased the Raman signal at 498 cm−1 from S-S disulphide stretching mode, one of the most important redox-related sensors. Exposure of cells to TBHP resulted in decreased Raman spectral signals from DNA/proteins and lipids (at 784, 1094, 1003, 1606, 1658 and 718, 1264, 1301, 1440, 1746 cm−1). Using partial least squares–discriminant analysis, we showed that Raman spectroscopy can achieve sensitivity up to 96.7%, 94.8% and 91.6% for control, NAC and TBHP conditions, respectively, with specificity of up to 93.5, 90.1% and 87.9%. Our results indicate that Raman spectroscopy can directly measure the effect of NAC antioxidants and accurately characterize the intracellular conditions associated with TBHP-induced oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vivo Real-Time Observation of Redox State)
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12 pages, 1275 KiB  
Article
A Fluorescent Probe to Detect Quick Disulfide Reductase Activity in Bacteria
by Ying Zhao, Xin Zuo, Shuang Liu, Wenjun Qian, Xuewen Tang and Jun Lu
Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020377 - 13 Feb 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3362
Abstract
The Trx and Grx systems, two disulfide reductase systems, play critical roles in various cell activities. There are great differences between the thiol redox systems in prokaryotes and mammals. Though fluorescent probes have been widely used to detect these systems in mammalian cells. [...] Read more.
The Trx and Grx systems, two disulfide reductase systems, play critical roles in various cell activities. There are great differences between the thiol redox systems in prokaryotes and mammals. Though fluorescent probes have been widely used to detect these systems in mammalian cells. Very few methods are available to detect rapid changes in the redox systems of prokaryotes. Here we investigated whether Fast-TRFS, a disulfide-containing fluorescent probe utilized in analysis of mammalian thioredoxin reductase, could be used to detect cellular disulfide reducibility in bacteria. Fast-TRFS exhibited good substrate qualities for both bacterial thioredoxin and GSH-glutaredoxin systems in vitro, with Trx system having higher reaction rate. Moreover, the Fast-TRFS was used to detect the disulfide reductase activity in various bacteria and redox-related gene null E. coli. Some glutaredoxin-deficient bacteria had stronger fast disulfide reducibility. The Trx system was shown to be the predominant disulfide reductase for fast disulfide reduction rather than the Grx system. These results demonstrated that Fast-TRFS is a viable probe to detect thiol-dependent disulfide reductases in bacteria. It also indicated that cellular disulfide reduction could be classified into fast and slow reaction, which are predominantly catalyzed by E. coli Trx and Grx system, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vivo Real-Time Observation of Redox State)
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Review

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22 pages, 3395 KiB  
Review
Recent Approaches to Determine Static and Dynamic Redox State-Related Parameters
by Cristina Mas-Bargues, Esther García-Domínguez and Consuelo Borrás
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 864; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050864 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3766
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant molecules, which is usually associated with oxidative damage to biomolecules and mitochondrial malfunction. Redox state-related parameters include (1) the direct measurement of ROS, (2) the assessment of the antioxidant defense status, and (3) [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant molecules, which is usually associated with oxidative damage to biomolecules and mitochondrial malfunction. Redox state-related parameters include (1) the direct measurement of ROS, (2) the assessment of the antioxidant defense status, and (3) the analysis of the resulting oxidative damage to molecules. Directly measuring ROS appears to be the preferred method among scientists, but most ROS are extremely unstable and difficult to measure. The processes of determining both the oxidative damage to biomolecules and the antioxidant system status, although both are indirect approaches, provide a reliable method to measure oxidative stress on a given sample. Recently, the Seahorse XF and the Oroboros O2k systems have provided new insights into the redox state from a more dynamic point of view. These techniques assess mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function and bioenergetics on isolated mitochondria, cultured cells, or specific tissues such as permeabilized fibers. This review describes a range of methodologies to measure redox state-related parameters, their strengths, and their limitations. In conclusion, all these techniques are valid and none of them can be replaced by another. Indeed, they have the potential to complement each other for a complete evaluation of the redox state of a given sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vivo Real-Time Observation of Redox State)
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