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Antioxidants
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Oxidative Stress in Osteoclasts
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Oxidative Stress in Osteoclasts

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 21055

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hye-Seon Choi

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Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
Interests: osteoclast; bone loss; oxidative stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Oxidative stress develops as a result of an imbalance in redox reactions, leading to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or to an impairment of antioxidant systems. Excessive ROS damage the DNA, proteins, and lipids, compromising cellular functions. There is emerging evidence that oxidative stress due to aging or inflammation can affect bone homeostasis as well as other metabolic processes. Osteoclasts originated from bone marrow macrophages play a critical role in excessive bone resorption during bone loss. ROS have been reported to affect the differentiation and function of osteoclasts, but how this occurs is not well known yet. The aim of this Special Issue is to broaden our understanding of the biochemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms modulated by oxidative stress in bone homeostasis. We highly encourage authors to submit studies that identify target molecules and mechanisms regulated by ROS that could have clinical implications for therapy efficacy. 

Dr. Hye-Seon Choi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • bone
  • osteoclasts
  • osteoporosis
  • inflammation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1695 KiB  
Article
Herbal Preparation (Bromelain, Papain, Curcuma, Black Pepper) Enhances Mineralization and Reduces Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in Zebrafish
by Marta Carnovali, Gina Ramoni, Giuseppe Banfi and Massimo Mariotti
Antioxidants 2021, 10(12), 1987; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121987 - 14 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3472
Abstract
Natural foods with antioxidant properties, such as curcuma, papain, bromelain and black pepper, have been indicated as a potential natural therapeutic approach against osteoporosis. Zebrafish are an excellent animal model to study the effects of herbal preparations on osteogenesis and bone metabolism, both [...] Read more.
Natural foods with antioxidant properties, such as curcuma, papain, bromelain and black pepper, have been indicated as a potential natural therapeutic approach against osteoporosis. Zebrafish are an excellent animal model to study the effects of herbal preparations on osteogenesis and bone metabolism, both in physiological and in pathological conditions. Our study was aimed at evaluating whether curcuma-bromelain-papain-pepper herbal preparation (CHP) administered in embryos and adult fish is capable of promoting bone wellness in physiological and osteoporotic conditions. The effect of CHP has been studied in embryonic osteogenesis and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in an adult fish model in which drug treatment induces a bone-loss phenotype in adult scales very similar to that which characterizes the bones of human patients. CHP prevented the onset of the osteoporotic phenotype in the scales of GIOP in adult zebrafish, with the osteoblastic and osteoclastic metabolic activity maintaining unaltered. CHP is also able to attenuate an already established GIOP phenotype, even if the alteration is in an advanced phase, partially restoring the normal balance of the bone markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and stimulating anabolic reparative processes. The results obtained indicated CHP as a potential integrative antioxidant therapy in human bone-loss diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Osteoclasts)
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15 pages, 6665 KiB  
Article
Estrogen Decreases Cytoskeletal Organization by Forming an ERα/SHP2/c-Src Complex in Osteoclasts to Protect against Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice
by Hyun-Jung Park, Malihatosadat Gholam-Zadeh, Sun-Young Yoon, Jae-Hee Suh and Hye-Seon Choi
Antioxidants 2021, 10(4), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040619 - 17 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3319
Abstract
Loss of ovarian function is closely related to estrogen (E2) deficiency, which is responsible for increased osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activity. We aimed to investigate the action mechanism of E2 to decrease bone resorption in OCs to protect from ovariectomy [...] Read more.
Loss of ovarian function is closely related to estrogen (E2) deficiency, which is responsible for increased osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activity. We aimed to investigate the action mechanism of E2 to decrease bone resorption in OCs to protect from ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in mice. In vivo, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in femur and serum carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks-1 (CTX-1) were analyzed upon E2 injection after OVX in mice. In vitro, OCs were analyzed by TRAP staining, actin ring formation, carboxymethylation, determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and immunoprecipitation coupled with Western blot. In vivo and in vitro, E2 decreased OC size more dramatically than OC number and Methyl-piperidino-pyrazole hydrate dihydrochloride (MPPD), an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) antagonist, augmented the OC size. ERα was found in plasma membranes and E2/ERα signaling affected receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced actin ring formation by rapidly decreasing a proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase, cellular sarcoma (c-Src) (Y416) phosphorylation in OCs. E2 exposure decreased physical interactions between NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and the oxidized form of c-Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), leading to higher levels of reduced SHP2. ERα formed a complex with the reduced form of SHP2 and c-Src to decrease c-Src activation upon E2 exposure, which blocked a signal for actin ring formation by decreased Vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (Vav3) (p–Y) and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) (GTP) activation in OCs. E2/ERα signals consistently inhibited bone resorption in vitro. In conclusion, our study suggests that E2-binding to ERα forms a complex with SHP2/c-Src to attenuate c-Src activation that was induced upon RANKL stimulation in a non-genomic manner, resulting in an impaired actin ring formation and reducing bone resorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Osteoclasts)
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Review

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22 pages, 1432 KiB  
Review
Bone Regeneration and Oxidative Stress: An Updated Overview
by Adrian Emilian Bădilă, Dragos Mihai Rădulescu, Andrei Ilie, Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and Adrian Radu Rădulescu
Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020318 - 6 Feb 2022
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 5569
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is a complex domain that requires further investigation and benefits from data obtained over past decades. The models are increasing in complexity as they reveal new data from co-culturing and microfluidics applications. The in vitro models now focus on the [...] Read more.
Bone tissue engineering is a complex domain that requires further investigation and benefits from data obtained over past decades. The models are increasing in complexity as they reveal new data from co-culturing and microfluidics applications. The in vitro models now focus on the 3D medium co-culturing of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes utilizing collagen for separation; this type of research allows for controlled medium and in-depth data analysis. Oxidative stress takes a toll on the domain, being beneficial as well as destructive. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules that influence the differentiation of osteoclasts, but over time their increasing presence can affect patients and aid the appearance of diseases such as osteoporosis. Oxidative stress can be limited by using antioxidants such as vitamin K and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Scaffolds and biocompatible coatings such as hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass are required to isolate the implant, protect the zone from the metallic, ionic exchange, and enhance the bone regeneration by mimicking the composition and structure of the body, thus enhancing cell proliferation. The materials can be further functionalized with growth factors that create a better response and higher chances of success for clinical use. This review highlights the vast majority of newly obtained information regarding bone tissue engineering, such as new co-culturing models, implant coatings, scaffolds, biomolecules, and the techniques utilized to obtain them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Osteoclasts)
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21 pages, 33113 KiB  
Review
Various Therapeutic Methods for the Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) and Their Limitations: A Narrative Review on New Molecular and Cellular Therapeutic Approaches
by Sung-Woon On, Seoung-Won Cho, Soo-Hwan Byun and Byoung-Eun Yang
Antioxidants 2021, 10(5), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050680 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 7806
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is one of the most interesting diseases in the field of maxillofacial surgery. In addition to bisphosphonates, the use of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents is known to be the leading cause. However, the exact pathogenesis of MRONJ [...] Read more.
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is one of the most interesting diseases in the field of maxillofacial surgery. In addition to bisphosphonates, the use of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents is known to be the leading cause. However, the exact pathogenesis of MRONJ has not been established, and various hypotheses have been proposed, such as oxidative stress-related theory. As a result, a definitive treatment protocol for MRONJ has not been identified, while various therapeutic approaches are applied to manage patients with MRONJ. Although the surgical approach to treat osteomyelitis of the jaw has been proven to be most effective, there are limitations, such as recurrence and delayed healing. Many studies and clinical trials are being conducted to develop another effective therapeutic modality. The use of some materials, including platelet concentrates and bone morphogenetic proteins, showed a positive effect on MRONJ. Among them, teriparatide is currently the most promising material, and it has shown encouraging results when applied to patients with MRONJ. Furthermore, cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells showed promising results, and it can be the new therapeutic approach for the treatment of MRONJ. This review presents various treatment methods for MRONJ and their limitations while investigating newly developed and researched molecular and cellular therapeutic approaches along with a literature review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Osteoclasts)
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