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Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 March 2025 | Viewed by 16185

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Enjin Zhao

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College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: ocean engineering; coastal engineering; marine sediment; marine geology
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Prof. Dr. Lin Mu

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Guest Editor

College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Interests: applied ocean research; marine environment; marine oil spill; maritime search and rescue
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Dr. Hao Qin

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Guest Editor

College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: ocean engineering; wave-structure interaction; ocean waves; coastal risk assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Fengyuan Jiang

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Guest Editor

College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: submarine pipeline; structural reliability analysis; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue entitled “Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering”.

In recent years, applied marine sciences and engineering has attracted worldwide attention due to the basic theoretical research and applied research on marine hydrology, meteorology, physics and geology. Moreover, new viewpoints, new developments, new theories, new methods, new applications and new experiences of investigation; research and management in the marine environment; big data; ocean and coastal engineering; marine/coastal disaster and risk assessment; river dynamics; marine ecological environment; and marine instruments and equipment are also being studied in this field.

This Special Issue aims to address the recent advances in marine environmental information and the application of marine environmental information. Submissions can address, but are not limited to, the following topics:

Physical oceanography;
Marine oil spill;
Maritime search and rescue;
Marine environment and big data;
Marine geology;
Ocean and coastal engineering;
Marine/coastal disaster and risk assessment;
Marine ecological environment;
River dynamics.

Submissions of both original research articles and review articles are welcome. In addition, articles with remarkable contributions to recent conferences in this field are also welcome to be submitted to this Special Issue. We hope that this collection of articles will highlight the recent progress in the area of marine information and serve as an inspiration for those working in this area.

Prof. Dr. Enjin Zhao
Prof. Dr. Lin Mu
Dr. Hao Qin
Dr. Fengyuan Jiang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

marine science
marine environment
marine oil spill
maritime search and rescue
marine geology
ocean and coastal engineering
marine/coastal disaster and risk assessment
marine ecology river dynamics

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

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31 pages, 8138 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Studies on Submersible Short-Circuit Blowing Based on Orthogonal Experiments, Back Propagation Neural Network Prediction, and Pearson Correlation Analysis

by Xiguang He, Bin Huang, Likun Peng and Jia Chen

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(22), 10321; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210321 - 9 Nov 2024

Viewed by 682

Abstract

Short-circuit blowing is a crucial technical approach for ensuring the rapid surfacing of submersibles. In order to investigate the law, L₁₈(3⁷) orthogonal experiments based on a proportional short-circuit blowing model test bench were conducted. Subsequently, a Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Pearson correlation analysis were employed to train the experimental data; further examination of the correlation between individual factors and blowing served as an enhancement to the orthogonal experiments. It has been proved that both multi-factor combinations and personal factors, including blowing duration, sea tank back pressure, gas blowing pressure from the cylinder group, and sea valve flowing area, exert significant influence with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.6535, 0.8105, 0.5569, and 0.5373, respectively. Notably, the F-ratio for blowing duration exceeds the critical value of 3.24. The statistical evaluation metrics for the BPNN ranged from 10⁻¹ to 10⁻¹², with relative errors below 3%, and achieving a prediction accuracy rate of 100%. Based on these findings, a robust predictive methodology for submersible short-circuit blowing has been established along with recommendations for engineering design and operational strategies that highlight its advantages as well as its initial condition settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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22 pages, 7708 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Predicting the Mechanical Characteristics of Deep-Sea Mining Transportation Pipelines

by Qiong Hu, Yu Qin, Jingyan Zhu, Meiling Zheng, Junqiang Huang and Yujia Ou

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 7349; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167349 - 20 Aug 2024

Viewed by 595

Abstract

Deep-sea mining, as a critical direction for the future development of mineral resources, places significant importance on the mechanical characteristics of its transportation pipelines for the safety and efficiency of the entire mining system. This paper establishes a simulation model of the deep-sea mining system based on oceanic environmental loads and the mechanical theory of deep-sea mining transportation pipelines. Through a static analysis, the effective tension along the pipeline length, the maximum values of bending moment, and the minimum values of bending radius are determined as critical points for the dynamic analysis of pipeline mechanical characteristic monitoring. A dynamic simulation analysis of the pipeline’s mechanical characteristics was conducted, and simulation sensor data were obtained as inputs for the prediction model construction. A prediction model of pipeline mechanical characteristics based on the BP neural network was constructed, with the model’s prediction correlation coefficients all exceeding 0.95, enabling an accurate prediction of pipeline state parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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20 pages, 3309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermodynamic Analysis of Marine Diesel Engine Exhaust Heat-Driven Organic and Inorganic Rankine Cycle Onboard Ships

by Cuneyt Ezgi and Haydar Kepekci

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 7300; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167300 - 19 Aug 2024

Viewed by 764

Abstract

Due to increasing emissions and global warming, in parallel with the increasing world population and energy needs, IMO has introduced severe rules for ships. Energy efficiency on ships can be achieved using the organic and inorganic Rankine cycle (RC) driven by exhaust heat from marine diesel engines. In this study, toluene, R600, isopentane, and n-hexane as dry fluids; R717 and R718 as wet fluids; and R123, R142b, R600a, R245fa, and R141b as isentropic fluids are selected as the working fluid because they are commonly used refrigerants, with favorable thermal properties, zero ODP, low GWP and are good contenders for this application. The cycle and exergy efficiencies, net power, and irreversibility of marine diesel engine exhaust-driven simple RC and RC with a recuperator are calculated. For dry fluids, the most efficient fluid at low turbine inlet temperatures is n-hexane at 39.75%, while at high turbine inlet temperatures, it is toluene at 41.20%. For isentropic fluids, the most efficient fluid at low turbine inlet temperatures is R123 with 23%, while at high turbine inlet temperatures it is R141b with 23%. As an inorganic fluid, R718 is one of the most suitable working fluids at high turbine inlet temperatures of 300 °C onboard ships with a safety group classification of A1, ODP of 0, and GWP100 of 0, with a cycle efficiency of 33%. This study contributes to significant improvements in fuel efficiency and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, leading to more sustainable and cost-effective maritime operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 1971 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Method for Risk-Based Ship Design

by Xiaodong Li, Xueqian Zhang and Yuchao Yuan

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5387; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135387 - 21 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 700

Abstract

Formal safety assessment (FSA) is regarded as an effective approach to support decision-making in shipbuilding to balance safety, technology, and cost. However, the selection of risk control options (RCOs) in the FSA process still needs to be studied before the FSA becomes a generic approach. This study proposed a multi-attribute-based assessing model to support the decision-making process regarding RCOs. The attributes of RCOs were divided into the performance and cost-effectiveness attribute sets. Moreover, a dynamic selection procedure of attributes was designed based on the ‘as low as reasonable and practicable’ (ALARP) principle. The application of the dynamic multi-attribute model can make it possible to rank RCOs by considering the changes in the decision-makers’ risk aversion to risk levels. In this model, a comprehensive weighting method based on game theory was used to balance the subjective and objective weights of the attributes. An improved grey rational analysis (GRA) was used to perform the multi-attribute assessment of RCOs. Therefore, this dynamic multi-attribute model is combined with the ALARP principle and evaluated using GRA. Finally, a case regarding crude tankers was studied using the proposed model to verify the feasibility and reliability of the dynamic multi-attribute model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 1313 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Growth, Fatty Acid Profile and Malondialdehyde Concentration of Meagre Argyrosomus regius Fed Diets with Different Lipid Content

by Daniel Matulić, Maria Blažina, Ena Pritišanac, Slavica Čolak, Lav Bavčević, Renata Barić, Silvia Križanac, Božena Vitlov, Jelena Šuran, Ivančica Strunjak Perović and Tea Tomljanović

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4842; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114842 - 3 Jun 2024

Viewed by 602

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth, fatty acid profile and concentration of malondialdehyde of muscle tissue of meagre Argyrosomus regius fed diets with different lipid content. The long-term experiment was conducted in three feeding groups: A (CP = 52.0; CL = 21.0), B (CP = 56.0; CL = 18.0), C (CP = 48.0; CL = 16.0) with two replicates in marine net cages on Bisage Island, Adriatic Sea over 20 months. At the beginning of the experiment, fish were of equal weight (6.83 ± 1.03 g) and length (8.57 ± 0.49 cm) and were fed to satiation during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the fish from each feeding group (n = 110) were measured and muscle tissue was collected (n = 60) and stored at −80 °C until analysis. The final weight and condition factor were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the groups. The highest ratio of crude fats and n-3/n-6-fatty acids was found in the muscle tissue of group A. Fish fed diet A also exhibited higher MDA levels compared to fish in the other feeding groups, indicating elevated levels of lipid peroxidation in muscle tissues. Experimental feeding group A showed better growth performance, a higher content of the beneficial fatty acids EPA and DHA and a more favorable n-3/n-6 ratio than feeding groups B and C. Continuously monitoring and adjusting feeding protocols in accordance with lipid content and fatty acid composition could maximize growth and health outcomes in meagre farming. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 21102 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Subsidence of Artificial Reefs with Bamboo Foundations on a Soft Seabed

by Enrico Dini, Mario Nuzzolese, Francesco Cafaro, Annamaria di Lernia, Alessandra Gadaleta and Francesca Sollecito

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 720; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020720 - 15 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1085

Abstract

The design of artificial reefs must be based on the criteria of both durability and serviceability. In this respect, the seabed subsidence rate related to the weight of the reefs and of their foundation system should be limited. The horizontal drift of the reefs during their life should be small too. In this study, pertaining to the behavior of artificial reefs made of microsilica concrete and realized with foundations in bamboo near the international airport of Hong Kong, 1-year monitoring data and calculations of reef foundation settlements are shown and discussed to assess the performance of the adopted mixed foundation and to deduce the nature of the long-term subsidence. The subsidence related to the settlements of the foundations was monitored using a Multibeam Echo Sounder System. It was found that the observed subsidence rate cannot be justified by the primary consolidation of the soils forming the seabed. Indeed, secondary consolidation seems to play an important role. Overall, after one year of service, the artificial reefs are considered to be effective in terms of limitation of both subsidence and drift. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 5077 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment and Integration of ERA5 Reanalysis and Fujita−Takahashi Models for Storm Surge Prediction in the East China Sea

by Fanjun Chen, Zongyu Li, Kaixuan Ding, Zhilin Sun and Hanyu Zhou

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10658; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910658 - 25 Sep 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1166

Abstract

With global climate warming, the frequency and intensity of typhoons are increasing, highlighting the significance of studying storm surges for coastal engineering disaster mitigation. In this study, we assessed the predictive capabilities of the new ERA5 reanalysis model and the traditional Fujita−Takahashi model for storm surges. We found that the traditional Fujita−Takahashi model, utilizing a prelandfall typhoon wind field, exhibited higher accuracy in storm surge predictions, while the ERA5 reanalysis model, employing a postlandfall wind field, demonstrated superior performance. By considering the strengths and weaknesses of both wind field models and analyzing the impact of Typhoon In-fa (2021) on the East China Sea, we determined the influence of this typhoon on storm surge heights along the eastern coastal region. These research findings provide valuable insights for the development of effective protection strategies, offering valuable references for coastal resilience planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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22 pages, 5784 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wave-Current Loads on a Super-Large-Diameter Pile in Deep Water: An Experimental Study

by Chenkai Hong, Zhongda Lyu, Fei Wang, Zhuo Zhao and Lei Wang

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(15), 8859; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158859 - 31 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1326

Abstract

Recently, the diameters and construction water depths of the pile foundations of planned and newly built sea-crossing bridges have been increasing greatly. Hydrodynamic loads are the key control factors in the design of super-large-diameter piles. However, most of the previous studies focused on the inline force on the pile with a small diameter, and there were few cases to consider the impact of the transverse force on the hydrodynamic load of the pile under wave-current actions. In this study, to understand the hydrodynamic loads on such deep-water super-large-diameter piles, the prototype was one of the 6.3-m piles used in the Xihoumen Rail-cum-Road Bridge, and 1:60-scale model tests were carried out in an experimental tank, with the actions of regular waves and waves combined with currents used as loads. The influence of the current velocity and static wave height on the inline and transverse forces on the pile was measured and analyzed. The experimental results indicate that with increasing current velocity, the fluctuation characteristics of the wave-current-induced inline and transverse forces change significantly, and their peak values increase obviously compared to those induced by only waves. In particular, the peak transverse force increases tens of times and can become equivalent to the inline force. The modified Morison formula and Kutta–Joukowski formula are used to derive the correlations between the drag coefficient C_D, inertia coefficient C_M, lift coefficient C_L, and redefined Keulegan–Carpenter number KC*. Under wave-current action, the transverse force contributes quite significantly to the hydrodynamic load on a super-large-diameter pile, making it easier to trigger extreme structural loads. The results presented herein are an important reference for the engineering designs of such super-large-diameter piles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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18 pages, 4010 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of the Hanjiang River’s Inlet Sediment Decrease on Modern Sedimentation in the Underwater Delta

by Yang Wang, Yufei Wang, Xiaoming Wan, Chen Huang, Rui Wang, Xiujuan Liu, Jiaji Yi and Yunzhong Zhang

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8039; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148039 - 10 Jul 2023

Viewed by 989

Abstract

The Hanjiang River is the second-largest river in Guangdong Province, China. The modern sedimentation pattern of the Hanjiang subaqueous delta has been significantly affected by changes in the sediment delivered by the Hanjiang River. Based on multiperiod charts and columnar samples from the Hanjiang subaqueous delta, the influence of a sharp decrease in the sediment flux from the Hanjiang River on the deposition of the Hanjiang subaqueous delta in the past 60 years was studied through a combination of chart-based analysis of the evolution of erosion and deposition and the analysis of sediment samples. The results showed that the significant reductions in sediment fluxes from the Hanjiang River and Rongjiang River had obviously spatially differentiated effects on the deposition pattern of the Hanjiang subaqueous delta. The significant decreases in sediment fluxes from the Hanjiang River and the Rongjiang River caused the sediment grain size of the columnar samples in the near-estuary area of the Hanjiang River subaqueous delta to coarsen upward, the deposition rate to decrease, and the depositional state to change to an erosional state. Since the sediments discharged into the ocean after reservoir impoundment are mainly fine-grained suspended sediments, the supply of coarse-grained sediments in the Hanjiang subaqueous delta decreased, resulting in the upward fining of the columnar samples. The spatial response pattern of the Hanjiang subaqueous delta to the sharp decrease in sediment flux into the sea differed significantly from those of the Yangtze and Yellow subaqueous deltas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 4484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Water Quality Evaluation, Spatial Distribution Characteristics, and Source Analysis of Pollutants in Wanquan River, China

by Mengyang An, Yanwei Song, Junyi Jiang, Guowei Fu, Yang Wang and Xiaoming Wan

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7982; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137982 - 7 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1547

Abstract

Surface water quality assessment is an important component of environmental protection and sustainable development. In this study, 24 sampling sites were arranged in the Wanquan River area of Hainan Island, China, in 2021, and nine water quality indicators were measured. The water quality of the Wanquan River was assessed using the single factor pollution index method and the Nemerow pollution index method; the spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants were revealed, and the sources of pollution were further analyzed using factor analysis. The results show that the overall water quality of the Wanquan River basin is good, with the average values of all indicators meeting China’s Class III water quality standards. The results of the single factor pollution index method showed that 29% of the sampling sites were in the no pollution class, 38% in the slight pollution class, 25% in the light pollution class, and 8% in the moderate pollution class. The results of the Nemerow pollution index showed that 25% of the sampling sites were in the clean category, 17% in the cleaner category, 42% in the light category, and 17% in the moderate category. The results of the factor analysis show that agricultural activities and domestic sewage discharge are the main sources of pollution, with nitrogen and phosphorus being the most important factors affecting water quality. This paper proposes several measures to reduce water pollution in the Wanquan River, including improving agricultural activities, improving wastewater treatment, and strengthening environmental monitoring. The findings have practical implications for reducing water pollution in rivers and lakes and can provide a reference for policy decisions related to water resource management and environmental protection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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24 pages, 17631 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Abnormal Ship Behavior Detection Based on AIS Data

by Yan Shi, Cheng Long, Xuexi Yang and Min Deng

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4635; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094635 - 5 May 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3810

Abstract

With the development of navigation globalization and ship dehumanization, the contradiction between the increasing demand for ship behavior supervision and limited traffic service resources is obvious, and the frequent occurrence of accidents at sea is a problem. The monitoring of abnormal ship behavior is an important link in maritime transportation. With the popularization of the automatic identification system and increasing research in the maritime field, the AIS is widely used in the management of ship static information and the real-time sharing of dynamic information. The generated moving ship trajectory data provide a new opportunity for research into abnormal ship behavior and its detection. In light of the current situation of abnormal ship behavior research, we detected abnormal ship behavior from the point of view of spatial information and thematic information based on moving ship trajectory data. Therefore, this study first modeled the cognition of abnormal ship behavior. Then, based on the cognition of group ship behavior rules, we used a method based on graph structure learning to mine maritime routes from the perspective of ship spatial information. Next, we used Rayda’s criterion to detect the anomalous behavior of ships in space. Then, based on the isolation forest algorithm, we detected and described the abnormal behavior shown by ship thematic information. The experimental results show that the framework proposed in this paper can effectively detect the abnormal behavior of ships. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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Review

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19 pages, 4821 KiB

Open AccessReview

Research and Development of Inland Green and Smart Ship Technologies in China

by Zhiyong Pei, Yuhan Kang and Fei Long

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2316; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062316 - 9 Mar 2024

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1918

Abstract

Nowadays, the development of green and smart ships has become a trend in the global shipping industry. Some countries such as Japan and Korea, as well as several European countries, have already made some progress and advantages. In recent years, China has issued a series of policies to encourage and support the development of green and smart ships. Beyond that, the demonstration of green and smart ships has been promoted along with the trend of larger-sized and standardized inland vessels. The Chinese status and plans of green technologies are summarized including air layer drag reduction, efficient propulsion, DC networking, and clean energy. Some smart technologies have also been illustrated, for instance, intelligent driving, intelligent engine rooms, energy efficiency, hulls, cargo control, and information integration. Smart ship technologies need to be fully validated in order to improve industrialization applications. In the shipping industry, the development and application of smart ship technology need international and inter-regional cooperation, so as to achieve much higher energy savings, ensure environmental protection, achieve collaborative intelligence, and ensure safety and reliability. In turn, this will aid economic advances worldwide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Applied Marine Sciences and Engineering—2nd Edition)

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