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Orthodontic Treatment: Current State and Future Possibilities

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 3233

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Simone Parrini

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Guest Editor

Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
Interests: Clear aligners; orthodontics; esthetics; finite element analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Gabriele Rossini

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Guest Editor

Prof. Dr. Andrea Deregibus

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Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
Interests: clear aligner; orthodontic; esthetics; finite element analysis
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Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to announce the call for submissions for our upcoming Special Issue titled "Orthodontic Treatment: Current State and Future Possibilities".

Orthodontic treatment continues to evolve rapidly, with advancements in technology and techniques shaping the field's current landscape and offering promising prospects for the future. This Special Issue aims to gather high-quality research contributions that delve into various aspects of orthodontic treatment, spanning from the present state to the potential future directions.

We welcome submissions that explore a wide range of topics, including but not limited to the following:

Innovations in orthodontic materials and appliances;
Emerging techniques for diagnosis and treatment planning;
Clinical outcomes and the long-term stability of orthodontic interventions;
Interdisciplinary approaches in orthodontic treatment;
Patient-centered perspectives and quality of life outcomes;
Technological advancements and their impact on orthodontic practice.

Both original research articles and comprehensive review papers are encouraged, providing insights into the current status quo of orthodontic treatment and shedding light on the exciting possibilities that lie ahead.

We are looking forward to receiving your contributions and fostering meaningful discussions within the orthodontic community.

Dr. Simone Parrini
Dr. Gabriele Rossini
Prof. Dr. Andrea Deregibus
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

orthodontic treatment
orthodontic materials
clear aligner
finite element analysis
tooth movement

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14 pages, 3177 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cephalometric Evaluation of Facial Height Ratios and Growth Patterns: A Retrospective Cohort Study

by Andra-Alexandra Stăncioiu, Floare Vasica, Riham Nagib, Adelina Popa, Alexandru Cătălin Motofelea, Anca Adriana Hușanu and Camelia-Alexandrina Szuhanek

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(22), 10168; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210168 - 6 Nov 2024

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Abstract

(1) Background: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the cephalometric evaluation of facial height ratio (FHR) and growth patterns. (2) Methods: We assessed facial height ratios, the y-axis to SN angle, and growth patterns in 94 participants from Timis County using digital cephalograms. Angle’s classification guided the categorization of participants. We digitally traced and analyzed cephalograms using the WebCeph imaging software. We conducted the statistical analysis using Python version 3.11.9. We performed the following statistical tests: Welch’s t-test or ANOVA (analysis of variance), Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test, χ² test or Fisher’s, and logistic regression. (3) Results: Significant correlations were observed between FHR and craniofacial development, especially in hypodivergent growth patterns. Among the molar classes, the most predominant growth pattern in Class I was normodivergent (61.5%), followed by hypodivergent (33.3%). In Class II, hypodivergent growth was the most common (52%), with a smaller proportion of normodivergent cases (30.8%). Class III was characterized by a mix of growth patterns, with hypodivergent being predominant (14.7%). Across all groups, the y-axis to SN angle remained within normal limits, and a strong negative correlation with Jarabak’s ratio was found (r = −0.72, p < 0.001). This shows the importance of using holistic assessment methods in orthodontic practice. (4) Patients from Timis County mostly have a hypodivergent growth pattern across all types of malocclusions. Understanding these patterns is essential for comprehensive orthodontic treatment planning. We need to conduct further research to investigate the implications of these findings on treatment outcomes and patient care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontic Treatment: Current State and Future Possibilities)

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12 pages, 2259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis of Shear Bond Strength in Orthodontic Brackets Between Milled and 3D-Printed Definitive CAD/CAM Restorations

by Mohammad A. Aldosari, Noha M. Anany, Razan Alaqeely, Jawaher Alsenaidi, Aref Sufyan, Sameh Talaat, Christoph Bourauel, Tarek M. Elshazly and Abdulaziz Alhotan

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(20), 9530; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209530 - 18 Oct 2024

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Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatment methods on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets bonded to two types of CAD/CAM composite restorations: milled and 3D-printed. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 flat-shaped specimens (10 × 10 × 2 mm³) were prepared from four different CAD/CAM composites; two milled (Lava Ultimate™ [LU] and Grandio™ [GR]) and two 3D-printed (Crowntec™ [CT] and C&B Permanent™ [CB]). These specimens underwent thermocycling (5000 cycles at 5–55 °C), then were categorized based on the surface treatment into four groups (n = 10): Group C (control, no surface treatment), Group HF (treated with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid), Group DB (mechanical roughening by a diamond bur), and Group SB (sandblasting using aluminum oxide). Metal brackets were bonded using Transbond XT Primer and universal adhesive, stored in artificial saliva for 24 h, then thermocycled again. Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested using a universal testing machine until bracket debonding occurred. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was assessed using a stereomicroscope to quantify the residual adhesive following debonding. Result: Regarding material, GR and LU restorations had significantly higher SBS values compared to CT and CB, ranging from 13.90 MPa to 20.35 MPa. Regarding surface treatment, SB and HF groups showed significantly higher SBS values. The ARI scores showed different adhesive modes of failure, with higher instances of scores 0 and 1, which indicate no or minimal adhesive remaining. Conclusions: Both milled and 3D-printed materials had adequate SBS for clinical use, with milled materials showing superior results. Surface treatments like sandblasting and HF significantly improved bond strength, with adhesive failure being common. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontic Treatment: Current State and Future Possibilities)

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13 pages, 1924 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Assessment of the Mechanical Deformation Behavior of Three Different Clear Aligner Materials: A Digital Image Correlation Analysis

by Nicolae Daniel Olteanu, Camelia Szuhanek, Sorana Nicoleta Rosu, Dragos Florin Chitariu, Nicolae Seghedin, Tinela Panaite, Amalia Casalean and Irina Nicoleta Zetu

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7496; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177496 - 24 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the deformation behavior of three different clear aligner systems, CA^® Pro+ Clear Aligner (Scheu Dental, Iserlohn, Germany), Taglus Premium (Taglus Company, Mumbai, India), and Spark Trugen (Ormco Corp., Orange, CA, USA), under compression testing, using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 patients were treated with each of the three aligner systems, resulting in 45 sets of aligners. Each aligner set was fixed on the 3D-printed dental arches and then in an articulator. Then, the samples were subjected to occlusal forces using a purpose-built test stand to allow for controlled force application and precise displacement determination. The DIC technique was used for capturing the deformation behavior, providing detailed strain and displacement fields. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests with a significance of 0.05. Results: The results indicate that the Spark system exhibited the most substantial rigid displacement. Furthermore, the elastic deformation values of the Spark and Taglus systems were significantly higher than those of the CA Pro+ system (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The Spark Trugen clear aligner system demonstrated a lower stability to rigid displacement and elastic deformation under compression testing compared to the Scheu CA^® Pro+ Clear Aligner and Taglus Premium. All three tested clear aligner systems showed an increased resistance to elastic displacement and rigid deformation in the mandibular arch. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontic Treatment: Current State and Future Possibilities)

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22 pages, 2401 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Chewing Bite Wafers versus Conventional Analgesic Drugs to Relieve Self-Reported Pain Associated with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Luay Jabr, Maryam Altuhafy, Abdul Basir Barmak, Paul Emile Rossouw and Dimitrios Michelogiannakis

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5963; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135963 - 8 Jul 2024

Viewed by 826

Abstract

(1) Objectives: To estimate the impact of chewing bite wafers in reducing pain associated with fixed orthodontic treatment (OT) compared with conventional analgesic drugs (CADs) (Ibuprofen or Acetaminophen). (2) Materials and methods: Unrestricted and manual searching was achieved up to November 2023 and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. The available evidence quality was considered using the GRADE approach. (3) Results: Seven RCTs were included. Five RCTs used the Visual Analog Scale for self-reported pain assessment, while two RCTs used the Numeric Rating Scale. Four RCTs had a high RoB, and three RCTs had a moderate RoB. Separate meta-analyses were performed by pooling quantitative data from two RCTs that compared self-reported orthodontic pain between the bite wafer and Ibuprofen groups and three RCTs that compared the bite wafer and Acetaminophen groups for the different timepoints after orthodontic treatment. None of the timepoints individually indicated a significant difference in pain scores between the bite wafer and control groups, except on day 3, indicating significantly lower pain scores in the bite wafer versus the Acetaminophen groups. The overall level of evidence was very low. (4) Conclusions: Chewing bite wafers is possibly a useful option for CADs to relieve pain during early fixed OT. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontic Treatment: Current State and Future Possibilities)

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