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Control Systems for Next Generation Electric Applications
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Control Systems for Next Generation Electric Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 June 2025 | Viewed by 4600

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Juan P. Torreglosa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Huelva, Campus El Carmen, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas, s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Interests: energy management systems; control systems; microgrids; transportation electrification; charging infrastructures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid proliferation of next-generation electric applications, such as electric vehicles, microgrids, and charging infrastructures, heralds a transformative shift in energy consumption patterns. As these technologies become increasingly integrated into our daily lives, the need for efficient control systems to optimize their operation becomes paramount. These systems ensure reliable performance and maximize energy utilization and grid stability. In light of this, we invite authors specializing in control theory, power electronics, and renewable energy integration to contribute their research findings to our proposed journal's Special Issue on Control Systems for Next Generation Electric Applications. Let us collectively drive innovation towards a sustainable energy future.

Prof. Dr. Juan P. Torreglosa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • control systems
  • microgrids
  • transportation electrification
  • charging infrastructures

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 8138 KiB  
Article
Creating a Quasi-Resonant Induction Cooktop Integrating Zero-Voltage Switching (ZVS) and Load Management
by Ahmet Aksöz
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(22), 10449; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210449 - 13 Nov 2024
Viewed by 390
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the development and construction of a durable induction cooktop, with key considerations including efficiency, power customization, and safety features. The intricate processes involved in crafting a 3.5 kW induction burner are thoroughly examined, encompassing simulations for quasi-resonant inverters, [...] Read more.
This study aims to elucidate the development and construction of a durable induction cooktop, with key considerations including efficiency, power customization, and safety features. The intricate processes involved in crafting a 3.5 kW induction burner are thoroughly examined, encompassing simulations for quasi-resonant inverters, the meticulous selection of induction coils and capacitors, the implementation of practical Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) filtration, pulse width modulation (PWM) driving techniques, and the integration of protection mechanisms. Leveraging an ARM-based microcontroller enabled the attainment of diverse objectives such as Zero-Voltage Switching (ZVS), safeguarding IGBTs, facilitating user interaction through a user-friendly interface, and enabling load detection capabilities. Furthermore, the capability to gauge and adjust output power based on user preferences was incorporated. Subsequently, rigorous testing was conducted to evaluate the functionality and applicability of the device in real-world scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control Systems for Next Generation Electric Applications)
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21 pages, 1791 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Feedback Control for Four-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter Used with PEM Fuel Cell
by Mohamed Gouhail, Issam Salhi, El houssine El Mazoudi and Said Doubabi
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 9895; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219895 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 471
Abstract
Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are among the devices that have emerged in recent years. To provide electricity to the electric motors, they use a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the primary energy source and a secondary source consisting of an energy [...] Read more.
Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are among the devices that have emerged in recent years. To provide electricity to the electric motors, they use a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the primary energy source and a secondary source consisting of an energy storage system (battery or supercapacitors). The addition of these sources to the motors and accessories of a vehicle requires the association of static converters to condition the different power sources. In addition, a high-efficiency and enhanced-reliability power converter is essential to connect the PEMFC to the vehicle’s DC bus. This paper proposes a robust feedback controller for a four-phase interleaved boost converter used with PEMFC. The proposed controller has double loops based on a state-feedback controller, and an inner loop which translates the differential equation of the system into a state representation by linearization around its operation points. The reference current is generated by state feedback in the outer loop; the state variable is defined by using a change variable. The strong robustness and highly dynamic characteristics of the proposed controller are demonstrated through its performance in terms of output voltage, source current, and settling time. The findings indicate that the proposed controller achieves a response time of 20 ms, resulting in an over 50% improvement compared to the controllers referenced in the literature. Additionally, it reduces both current and voltage ripple, keeping them each below 10%. Further, the controller gains synthesis is validated using the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique as well as boundary conditions, and its robustness is verified, taking into account the uncertainty of various operating conditions and discrepancies in circuit components. A double-loop super-twisting sliding mode controller, a backstepping control algorithm, and a PI controller are selected for comparison and discussion. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is evaluated through simulation with the parameters of a 500 W fuel cell system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control Systems for Next Generation Electric Applications)
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33 pages, 15412 KiB  
Article
Improved Performance of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Sensorless Control System Based on Direct Torque Control Strategy and Sliding Mode Control Using Fractional Order and Fractal Dimension Calculus
by Marcel Nicola, Claudiu-Ionel Nicola, Dan Selișteanu, Cosmin Ionete and Dorin Șendrescu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(19), 8816; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198816 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1020
Abstract
This article starts from the premise that one of the global control strategies of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), namely the Direct Torque Control (DTC) control strategy, is characterized by the fact that the internal flux and torque control loop usually uses [...] Read more.
This article starts from the premise that one of the global control strategies of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), namely the Direct Torque Control (DTC) control strategy, is characterized by the fact that the internal flux and torque control loop usually uses ON–OFF controllers with hysteresis, which offer easy implementation and very short response times, but the oscillations introduced by them must be cancelled by the external speed loop controller. Typically, this is a PI speed controller, whose performance is good around global operating points and for relatively small variations in external parameters and disturbances, caused in particular by load torque variation. Exploiting the advantages of the DTC strategy, this article presents a way to improve the performance of the sensorless control system (SCS) of the PMSM using the Proportional Integrator (PI), PI Equilibrium Optimizer Algorithm (EOA), Fractional Order (FO) PI, Tilt Integral Derivative (TID) and FO Lead–Lag under constant flux conditions. Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and FOSMC are proposed under conditions where the flux is variable. The performance indicators of the control system are the usual ones: response time, settling time, overshoot, steady-state error and speed ripple, plus another one given by the fractal dimension (FD) of the PMSM rotor speed signal, and the hypothesis that the FD of the controlled signal is higher when the control system performs better is verified. The article also presents the basic equations of the PMSM, based on which the synthesis of integer and fractional controllers, the synthesis of an observer for estimating the PMSM rotor speed, electromagnetic torque and stator flux are presented. The comparison of the performance for the proposed control systems and the demonstration of the parametric robustness are performed by numerical simulations in Matlab/Simulink using Simscape Electrical and Fractional-Order Modelling and Control (FOMCON). Real-time control based on an embedded system using a TMS320F28379D controller demonstrates the good performance of the PMSM-SCS based on the DTC strategy in a complete Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control Systems for Next Generation Electric Applications)
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17 pages, 25897 KiB  
Article
Advanced Multichannel Lighting Control Systems in Heritage Environments: Case Study of the Cathedral of Seville
by Honorio Aguilar, Ignacio Acosta, Sara Mohamed and Jaime Navarro
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(18), 8242; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188242 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 554
Abstract
The appropriate preservation and color rendering of paintings and art pieces are a pending subject in architectural heritage, since, in most of the cases, lighting systems are not really focused on the conservation and suitable perception of these heritage resources, due to the [...] Read more.
The appropriate preservation and color rendering of paintings and art pieces are a pending subject in architectural heritage, since, in most of the cases, lighting systems are not really focused on the conservation and suitable perception of these heritage resources, due to the limitations of standard LED lamps and lighting configurations. In this context, a multichannel luminaire system is proposed in the case study of the Cathedral of Seville, providing a variable and rich spectral distribution, which allows an excellent color perception linked to the daylight conditions, while the short-wavelength light is minimized in order to reduce photodegradation. Two scenarios are addressed: Museum of the Cathedral and Evangelist Chapel. The multichannel luminaire system is tested by means of subjective surveys and objective procedures (Farnswoth-Munsell and Natural Color System tests). The results show that the proposed spectral distribution of the multichannel system provides a better color discrimination in comparison with typical lighting systems, as well as a better preservation, defining a suitable lighting technology for architectural heritage. The novelty of this study lies in the multi-parameter approach, taking care of color rendering while photodegradation is minimized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control Systems for Next Generation Electric Applications)
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21 pages, 6106 KiB  
Article
Optimum System for Diagnosing Power Quality in Electrical Microgrids
by Gabriel Gómez-Ruiz, Reyes Sánchez-Herrera, Aránzazu D. Martin and José M. Andújar
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7666; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177666 - 30 Aug 2024
Viewed by 689
Abstract
An electrical measurement network designed for analyzing power quality within microgrids is presented in this paper. It is very portable and easy to install across various types of microgrids. Data collected by the system meet the standards for measuring electrical parameters, calculating waveforms [...] Read more.
An electrical measurement network designed for analyzing power quality within microgrids is presented in this paper. It is very portable and easy to install across various types of microgrids. Data collected by the system meet the standards for measuring electrical parameters, calculating waveforms spectra and comparing results from different microgrid nodes. The measurements provided by the network are useful for both utility and consumer sides. The system’s effectiveness is verified through two experimental setups, specifically built ad hoc: one for testing the accuracy of the measurements obtained and the other for assessing the suitability of these measurements for power quality analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control Systems for Next Generation Electric Applications)
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13 pages, 2032 KiB  
Article
Wide-Area Protection System for Radial Smart Distribution Networks
by Hamed Rezapour, Sadegh Jamali and Pierluigi Siano
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4862; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114862 - 4 Jun 2024
Viewed by 818
Abstract
The integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in power distribution networks poses challenges for protection systems due to dynamic bidirectional fault currents. This paper presents a novel wide-area protection scheme for modern Doubly Feed Induction Generator (DFIG)-integrated distribution networks that simplifies fault location [...] Read more.
The integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in power distribution networks poses challenges for protection systems due to dynamic bidirectional fault currents. This paper presents a novel wide-area protection scheme for modern Doubly Feed Induction Generator (DFIG)-integrated distribution networks that simplifies fault location and relay coordination. The system employs Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for fault detection and a Fault Zone Relay Condition (FZRC) matrix for fault location. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in fault detection and isolation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control Systems for Next Generation Electric Applications)
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