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Advances in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines and Alternative Fuels
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Advances in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines and Alternative Fuels

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 June 2024) | Viewed by 6742

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dariusz Szpica

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45C Wiejska Str., PL-15351 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: mechanical engineering; combustion; supply systems; fuels; alternative fuels; alternative sources of propulsion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrzej Borawski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45C Wiejska Str., PL-15351 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: mechanical engineering; friction; tribology; supply systems; alternative fuels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Grzegorz Mieczkowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45C Wiejska Str., PL-15351 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: mechanical engineering; strength of materials; composite materials; piezoelectric actuators; supply systems; alternative fuels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, a great deal of emphasis is placed on the problem of fuel consumption and the toxicity of exhaust gases, especially of engines used in transport. Numerous studies point to the need to change the organization of the combustion process in relation to the classic one, or to use fuels with a lower carbon content (alternative). To meet this need, the use of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines is often proposed. In spite of the very complex combustion phenomenon, satisfactory results can be obtained by proper control of the process. On the other hand, the use of alternative fuels is able to reduce the engine’s emissions with comparable external ratings. With certain limitations, an HCCI engine can be fueled with alternative fuels or used as an admixture to the base fuel. Important aspects besides engine emissions, external indicators and fuel consumption are the mechanical processes to be subjected to strength or tribological assessment.

The main objective of this Special Issue is to bring together original publications on recent experimental research and computer simulations falling within the area of internal combustion engines operating in HCCI mode. We are also interested in studies indicating the possibilities of using different fuels to power non-HCCI engines. The range of applications for the engines can be very broad, from those used in transportation to commercial machinery and long-distance transport. This list does not exclude other areas of research that fall within the scope of internal combustion engines.

Prof. Dr. Dariusz Szpica
Dr. Andrzej Borawski
Dr. Grzegorz Mieczkowski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • combustion engines
  • homogeneous charge compression ignition
  • combustion modelling
  • experimental research
  • fuels
  • alternative fuels
  • external indicators
  • exhaust emissions
  • fuel consumption

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 225 KiB  
Editorial
Combustion Systems and Fuels Used in Engines—A Short Review
by Dariusz Szpica
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 3126; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13053126 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1452
Abstract
In the coming years, strong measures are planned to reduce emissions from various transportation modes [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines and Alternative Fuels)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

26 pages, 6187 KiB  
Article
Controllability of Pre-Chamber Induced Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition and Performance Comparison with Pre-Chamber Spark Ignition and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
by Josip Krajnović, Sara Ugrinić, Viktor Dilber and Darko Kozarac
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6451; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156451 - 24 Jul 2024
Viewed by 579
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental and numerical evaluation of the pre-chamber induced HCCI combustion concept (PC-HCCI) in terms of engine performance, emissions, and controllability. In this concept, a spark-initiated combustion in the pre-chamber is utilized to trigger the kinetically controlled combustion of an [...] Read more.
This paper presents an experimental and numerical evaluation of the pre-chamber induced HCCI combustion concept (PC-HCCI) in terms of engine performance, emissions, and controllability. In this concept, a spark-initiated combustion in the pre-chamber is utilized to trigger the kinetically controlled combustion of an ultra-lean mixture in the main combustion chamber. The experimental measurements were performed on a single-cylinder engine with a custom-made active pre-chamber. A high compression ratio of 17.5 was used, which limits the maximum achievable engine load due to high knocking tendency but enables both standard PCSI combustion (flame propagation) at very high dilution levels and HCCI combustion at reasonable intake temperatures. The analysis of combustion characteristics and the resulting performance is performed at indicated mean effective pressures (IMEPs) of 3.5 and 3.0 bars, and three different intake temperatures of 80 °C, 90 °C, and 100 °C. The variation in engine load was achieved by adjusting the excess air ratio in the main chamber. On each combination of intake temperature and engine load, a spark sweep and an injected PC fuel mass sweep were performed to obtain the highest indicated efficiency while satisfying the restrictions in terms of combustion stability and knock intensity. It was shown that, unlike in a conventional HCCI engine, the combustion phasing can be directly and reliably controlled by adjusting either spark timing or the reactivity of the pre-chamber mixture, ensuring adequate combustion stability and eliminating potential misfires. A similar indicated efficiency as with conventional HCCI combustion was obtained, while the NOx emissions, although slightly elevated, are still insignificant. Compared to PCSI combustion at the same engine load, a 4-percentage-point increase in indicated efficiency and two times lower NOx emissions were achieved. Compared to the most efficient PCSI operating point, it was 1 percentage point lower, indicating that efficiency was achieved, but the specific NOx emissions are reduced by approximately 70%. Most importantly, very similar performance was obtained with significant variations in intake temperature, proving the reliability and adaptability of this combustion concept. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines and Alternative Fuels)
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17 pages, 3660 KiB  
Article
An Experimental Study on the Injection Characteristics and the Macroscopic Spray Characteristics of Rapeseed Oil-Diesel Fuel Blends
by Stasys Slavinskas
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 5944; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13105944 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1495
Abstract
In this study, the injection processes and spray behavior of diesel fuel (DF), rapeseed oil (RO) and their fuel blends (RO25, RO50, RO75) have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to identify the differences in the injection rate and the spray parameters. The volumetric [...] Read more.
In this study, the injection processes and spray behavior of diesel fuel (DF), rapeseed oil (RO) and their fuel blends (RO25, RO50, RO75) have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to identify the differences in the injection rate and the spray parameters. The volumetric and mass injection rates, the spray penetration, the spray cone angle and the spray area under non-evaporation conditions in a nitrogen-filled camber were analyzed. The results showed that rapeseed oil leads to a decrease in the peak injection rate due to its higher density and viscosity. Moreover, rapeseed oil and its blends with mineral diesel oil exhibited smoother rising slopes at the start of injection. The spray tip penetration was the longest for the rapeseed oil and the spray tip penetrations of the fuel blends RO25, RO50 and RO75 were arranged between the values of DF and RO. As the injection pressure increased, the differences in the spray tip penetrations diminished. Increasing the amount of rapeseed oil in fuel blends resulted in a smaller spray cone angle compared to diesel fuel. The spray area of all tested fuels increased significantly with increasing spray tip penetration, the spray area of RO was consistently lower than that of diesel fuel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines and Alternative Fuels)
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16 pages, 4048 KiB  
Article
Experimental Evaluation of the Influence of the Diameter of the Outlet Nozzle Bore of a Gas Injector on Its Flow Characteristic
by Dariusz Szpica, Bogusław Toczko, Andrzej Borawski and Grzegorz Mieczkowski
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1700; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031700 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2027
Abstract
Despite the growing share of electrically powered vehicles, internal combustion engines are still one of the primary sources of propulsion in transportation. One way to decarbonize engines is to use alternative fuels, where liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) accounts for a large share. Popular [...] Read more.
Despite the growing share of electrically powered vehicles, internal combustion engines are still one of the primary sources of propulsion in transportation. One way to decarbonize engines is to use alternative fuels, where liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) accounts for a large share. Popular car gas systems are LPG indirect vapor phase injection systems, in which the low-pressure gas-phase injector is the actuator. The purpose of the research and analysis presented in this paper is to determine the flow characteristics of three injectors that are structurally different depending on the diameter of the outlet nozzle bore. The tests are conducted, which is new, with pulsed operation of the injector, which, as it turned out, helps explain the discrepancies found. The obtained characteristics are fitted with a polynomial of the second degree, obtaining high-quality indices. In the group of three tested injectors, the average values of volumetric flow rate decreases relative to the maximum by 19.6 and 35.8%. Differences in opening times of 29.3 and 36.6%, respectively, are cited as one of the main reasons for this. Closing times are similar to each other. In addition, the injector with the highest volumetric flow rate and the shortest opening time obtains 1.8 and 9.94% lower average cycle pressures measured at the outlet of the injector nozzle. The differences in opening times and average cycle pressures are considered as possible reasons for the differences in flow characteristics. The obtained characteristics are applicable to engine conversions and calculations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines and Alternative Fuels)
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