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Applied Sciences
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Energy Storage and Electric Power Systems: Theory, Methods, and Applications
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Energy Storage and Electric Power Systems: Theory, Methods, and Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 4708

Special Issue Editors

Dr. George Caralis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Fluids Section, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
Interests: wind energy; hydro pumped storage; non-interconnected islands; wind curtailment; hydro energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Konstantinos Braimakis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Fluids Section, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
Interests: design; optimization; techno-economic and experimental investigation of solar thermal; geothermal; bioenergy and waste heat utilization technologies; hybrid cogeneration/polygeneration systems; advanced power and cooling cycles; energy storage processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The open access journal Applied Sciences is pleased to announce the launch of a new Special Issue, entitled “Energy Storage and Electric Power Systems: Theory, Methods and Applications”, for which I am serving as the Guest Editor.

Given your expertise in this field, we would like to cordially invite you to contribute a paper to this Special Issue.

The fast growth of renewables brings new design and operational challenges to the energy transition working towards a 100% renewable energy goal, and Europe has an ambitious target to decarbonize. Therefore, the role of electricity storage systems in the rapid rise of renewable energy resources and the steady fall of fossil fuels in power systems with large-scale wind and PV integration is investigated in this Special Issue.

Different energy storage technologies such as compressed air energy storage, hydro pumped storage, sodium–sulfur batteries, electrical cars or ships, hydrogen, fuel cells and desalination are some of the storage cases that could be included in this Special Issue. This Special Issue focuses on theory, methods and applications of storage systems combined with renewable energy sources. Integration and economic issues could be also addressed. Specific case studies, best practices, technical solutions and technoeconomic assessments could be analysed or presented.

Dr. George Caralis
Dr. Konstantinos Braimakis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrical storage
  • large scale wind and PV integration
  • hydrogen
  • electrical cars
  • fuel cells
  • hydro pumped storage
  • integration issues

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 3775 KiB  
Article
A Bi-Objective Optimization Strategy of a Distribution Network Including a Distributed Energy System Using Stepper Search
by Suliang Ma, Zeqing Meng, Yilin Cui and Guanglin Sha
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(20), 9480; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209480 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 584
Abstract
The optimal scheduling of DES is to solve a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP) with complex constraints. However, the potential contradiction between multiple optimization objectives leads to the diversity of feasible solutions, which has a serious impact on the selection of optimal scheduling strategies. [...] Read more.
The optimal scheduling of DES is to solve a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP) with complex constraints. However, the potential contradiction between multiple optimization objectives leads to the diversity of feasible solutions, which has a serious impact on the selection of optimal scheduling strategies. Therefore, a stepper search optimization (SSO) method has been proposed for a bi-objective optimization problem (BiOP). Firstly, a constrained single-objective optimization problem (CSiOP) has been established to transform a BiOP and describe an accurate pareto front curve. Then, based on the characteristics of pareto front, the rate of the pareto front is analyzed by the SSO, and the best recommended solution of the BiOP is obtained. Finally, in the IEEE 33 with a DES simulation, by comparing other methods, the SSO method can better control the bi-objective optimization results to be 1–2.5 times as much as the optimal result under each single optimization objective and avoid the imbalance between the two optimization objectives. Additionally, the optimization speed of the SSO method is more than 10 times faster than that of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA). Further, the SSO method will provide a novel idea for solving MOP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage and Electric Power Systems: Theory, Methods, and Applications)
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30 pages, 13347 KiB  
Article
Zero Carbon Emissions Due to Ultra-High RES Penetration in Interconnected Island
by Emmanuel Karapidakis, Ioannis Mozakis, Marios Nikologiannis and Antonios Tsikalakis
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4668; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114668 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 1034
Abstract
European islands have been leading the charge in renewable energy innovation. Yet, the intermittent nature of sources like solar and wind poses challenges such as grid saturation and frequency variations. Limited interconnection with mainland grids exacerbates these issues, necessitating backup from conventional power [...] Read more.
European islands have been leading the charge in renewable energy innovation. Yet, the intermittent nature of sources like solar and wind poses challenges such as grid saturation and frequency variations. Limited interconnection with mainland grids exacerbates these issues, necessitating backup from conventional power sources during low-production periods. Until 2021, Crete operated independently, but new infrastructure now integrates it with the Greek mainland grid, facilitating swift energy transfers. This integration enables surplus power from Crete’s solar and wind systems to be transmitted to the mainland and vice versa. However, reliance on remote power production exposes the island to market fluctuations and distant disruptions, impacting electricity production. Storage technologies offer a solution, enhancing renewable energy penetration while reducing carbon emissions. Green hydrogen, a rising storage method, shows promise in offsetting carbon emissions. Its clean-burning nature minimizes environmental impact and reduces reliance on costly and harmful conventional sources. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of achieving carbon-neutral electricity production in Crete, Greece, using hydrogen storage to offset annual carbon emissions in a financially viable and sustainable manner. Hydrogen’s clean-burning properties reduce environmental impact and lessen dependence on expensive and environmentally harmful conventional sources. The methodology prioritizes the independence of the Cretan electricity system, utilizing electrolysis to produce green hydrogen and proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells for energy generation. It investigates the optimal expansion of renewable energy systems, including photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) parks, alongside the installation of hydrogen storage, under specific assumptions. This proposed installation aims to achieve both island independence and profitability, requiring an additional expansion in PV capacity of 2.13 GW, WT capacity of 3.55 GW, and a hydrogen system with electrolyzer and fuel cell capacities totaling 278.83 MW each, along with a hydrogen tank capacity of 69.20 MWh. The investment entails a capital expenditure (CAPEX) of 6,516,043,003.31 EUR for a nearly zero net present value (NPV) over 20 years. However, carbon neutrality cannot be attained through this optimal solution alone, as relying solely on carbon sequestration from olive groves, the primary crop cultivated on the island, is insufficient as a carbon sink method. The annual net carbon emissions from electricity production, island transport, residential heating, and carbon sequestration are estimated at 94,772.22 tCO2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage and Electric Power Systems: Theory, Methods, and Applications)
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15 pages, 4235 KiB  
Article
Energy Harvester Based on a Rotational Pendulum Supported with FEM
by Grzegorz Litak, Mirosław Kondratiuk, Piotr Wolszczak, Bartłomiej Ambrożkiewicz and Abhijeet M. Giri
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 3265; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14083265 - 12 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1206
Abstract
The proposed energy harvesting system is based on a rotational pendulum-like electromagnetic device. Pendulum energy harvesting systems can be used to generate power for wearable devices such as smart watches and fitness trackers, by harnessing the energy from the human body motion. These [...] Read more.
The proposed energy harvesting system is based on a rotational pendulum-like electromagnetic device. Pendulum energy harvesting systems can be used to generate power for wearable devices such as smart watches and fitness trackers, by harnessing the energy from the human body motion. These systems can also be used to power low-energy-consuming sensors and monitoring devices in industrial settings where consistent ambient vibrations are present, enabling continuous operation without any need for frequent battery replacements. The pendulum-based energy harvester presented in this work was equipped with additional adjustable permanent magnets placed inside the induction coils, governing the movement of the pendulum. This research pioneers a novel electromagnetic energy harvester design that offers customizable potential configurations. Such a design was realized using the 3D printing method for enhanced precision, and analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). The reduced dynamic model was derived for a real-size device and FEM-based simulations were carried out to estimate the distribution and interaction of the magnetic field. Dynamic simulations were performed for the selected magnet configurations of the system. Power output analyses are presented for systems with and without the additional magnets inside the coils. The primary outcome of this research demonstrates the importance of optimization of geometric configuration. Such an optimization was exercised here by strategically choosing the size and positioning of the magnets, which significantly enhanced energy harvesting performance by facilitating easier passage of the pendulum through magnetic barriers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage and Electric Power Systems: Theory, Methods, and Applications)
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Review

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18 pages, 8439 KiB  
Review
Energy Storage in Carbon Fiber-Based Batteries: Trends and Future Perspectives
by Antonio del Bosque, Diego Vergara, Georgios Lampropoulos and Pablo Fernández-Arias
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 10034; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142110034 - 3 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1139
Abstract
Carbon fiber-based batteries, integrating energy storage with structural functionality, are emerging as a key innovation in the transition toward energy sustainability. Offering significant potential for lighter and more efficient designs, these advanced battery systems are increasingly gaining ground. Through a bibliometric analysis of [...] Read more.
Carbon fiber-based batteries, integrating energy storage with structural functionality, are emerging as a key innovation in the transition toward energy sustainability. Offering significant potential for lighter and more efficient designs, these advanced battery systems are increasingly gaining ground. Through a bibliometric analysis of scientific literature, the study identifies three primary research areas: (i) the development of anodes for lithium-ion batteries, tackling challenges such as dendrite formation and performance degradation; (ii) the creation of new carbon fiber-based cathodes with coatings of LiFePO4, LiCoO2, or other nanoparticles, alongside efforts to develop cobalt-free alternatives; and (iii) the advancement of solid electrolytes that achieve a balance between ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. These advancements position carbon fiber-based batteries as promising solutions for seamless integration into various structural applications. The analysis of publication trends, citation patterns, and collaboration networks provides critical insights into the ongoing technological developments, current research challenges, and emerging trends in this field. Moreover, the study highlights potential research directions, underscoring the importance of continuous innovation to fully realize the potential of carbon fiber-based energy storage technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage and Electric Power Systems: Theory, Methods, and Applications)
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