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5th Anniversary of ‘Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering’ Section—Recent Advances in the Biochemistry of Inflammation

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 4759

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Francesca Silvagno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
Interests: cancer metabolism; vitamin D; TGF beta; mitochondrial metabolism; biochemistry; electromagnetic field; cancer growth; dermal wound healing; nutraceuticals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Vittorio Gentile

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: biochemistry and molecular biology of transglutaminases; neurodegeneration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inflammation is considered a driving force behind many chronic diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disease. Recently, cancer neuroscience has emerged as a new discipline focused on identifying and therapeutically targeting the interactions between the nervous system and cancer cells, both in the tumor microenvironment and at the systemic level. Inflammatory mediators exert a central role in this interplay, as their ability to quench and prevent inflammation can greatly benefit both cancer and neurological pathologies.

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the most recent advances in the biochemical approach to inflammation. This Special Issue will collect studies that cover the investigation of cellular targets and signaling pathway mediators of inflammation, the characterization of new anti-inflammatory agents and novel approaches that can challenge and defeat the chronic inflammatory stimulation that leads to neurodegeneration, pro-oncogenic transformation, and cancer progression. Of particular interest is the discovery and analysis of the neuroprotective effects of natural compounds and nutraceuticals against toxic insults and their antitumor activities through the modulation of genes responsible for inflammation and oxidative stress.

Prof. Dr. Francesca Silvagno
Prof. Dr. Vittorio Gentile
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inflammation
  • oxidative stress
  • inflammatory mediators
  • cancer
  • neuroscience
  • neurodegenerative disease
  • nutraceuticals

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1780 KiB  
Article
Inhibitory Effect of Dipeptides Containing Acidic Amino Acid Residue on Degranulation of RBL-2H3 Cells
by Kosuke Nishi, Taiki Hirakawa, Mitsumasa Izumi, Naoki Kageyama, Senri Yurue, Akari Ozaki, Yuki Toga, Momoko Ishida and Takuya Sugahara
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 7048; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167048 - 11 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1139
Abstract
Upon degranulation, basophils and mast cells secrete an array of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, which leads to not only allergic inflammation but also other inflammatory diseases. We previously reported that an aqueous extract from enzyme-treated, dried sardine inhibits the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells [...] Read more.
Upon degranulation, basophils and mast cells secrete an array of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, which leads to not only allergic inflammation but also other inflammatory diseases. We previously reported that an aqueous extract from enzyme-treated, dried sardine inhibits the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells and attenuates the symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis in mice. This study evaluated an antiallergic effect of dipeptides containing acidic amino acid residue in an antigen-induced degranulation assay using RBL-2H3 cells. The result showed that acidic amino acid residue-containing dipeptides inhibit the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells without cytotoxicity. Additionally, L-histidyl-L-glutamic acid (His-Glu), one of the acidic amino acid residue-containing dipeptides tested in this study, inhibited calcium ionophore-induced degranulation. We also found that His-Glu suppressed microtubule reorganization in RBL-2H3 cells after antigen stimulation. His-Glu slightly, but not significantly, suppressed the elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration leading to degranulation. Immunoblot analysis revealed that His-Glu significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt, but not that of Syk or phospholipase Cγ. Overall results suggest that acidic amino acid residue-containing dipeptides can be used as food ingredients with an antiallergic effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5th Anniversary of ‘Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering’ Section—Recent Advances in the Biochemistry of Inflammation)
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11 pages, 1095 KiB  
Article
Endogenous Cannabinoids in Crohn’s Disease
by Michał S. Bochenek, Jan T. Tomasik, Andrzej Wędrychowicz and Przemysław J. Tomasik
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6646; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156646 - 30 Jul 2024
Viewed by 917
Abstract
Background: An increasing number of people around the world suffer from Crohn’s disease (CD), one of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Recent evidence suggests that the endogenous cannabinoid system plays an important role in IBD. The main endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), [...] Read more.
Background: An increasing number of people around the world suffer from Crohn’s disease (CD), one of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Recent evidence suggests that the endogenous cannabinoid system plays an important role in IBD. The main endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), are ligands of the CB1 and CB2 receptors that are expressed on immune cells. These receptors as well as endocannabinoids are believed to mediate inflammatory activity and participate in the pathophysiology of CD. Objective: Very little is known about the secretion of endogenous cannabinoids throughout the course of CD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and analyze the 2-AG and AEA concentrations in children who suffered from CD. Methods: We studied 34 adolescents with CD, mean age 13.5 years ± 2.0. Blood samples were collected three times in the active phase of the disease (during admission to hospital, before treatment), 2–4 weeks later, during the treatment and clinical improvement of the patients, and 3–6 months later, in the period of remission. The control group included 33 healthy teenagers of the same age who were examined once. In all patients, fasting blood samples were collected in the morning. 2AG and AEA concentrations in serum were measured using EIA kits (Abclonal, Woburn, MA, USA and ELK Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Wuhan, China, respectively). Results: The median 2-AG concentration in the study group was stable: acute phase 907.4 [379.3; 1300.5] pg/mL, during treatment 715.1 [416.7; 1302.5] pg/mL; remission 991.1 [381.1; 1652.5] pg/mL, and similar to the values observed in the control group 761.8 [504.3; 1497.0] pg/mL. No significant differences were found between the results obtained at all time points in the study group and compared to the control group (in all cases p > 0.44). In the case of AEA, in the study group before treatment, the median concentration was 2.63 [2.24; 2.79] ng/mL and similar to values obtained during treatment 2.56 [2.33; 3.06] ng/mL, and in remission, with 2.61 [2.46; 2.85] ng/mL. All these concentrations were lower compared to the values measured in the control group of 3.18 [2.57; 3.88] ng/mL (p = 0.023, p = 0.035, p = 0.056, respectively). Conclusions: While 2-AG levels remained stable throughout the disease course and were comparable to controls, AEA concentrations were consistently lower in CD patients. Therefore, therapeutic interventions aimed at increasing AEA-related signaling, such as administration of its analogues or fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors, may improve symptoms associated with Crohn’s disease in children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5th Anniversary of ‘Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering’ Section—Recent Advances in the Biochemistry of Inflammation)
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14 pages, 309 KiB  
Article
Potential of Portuguese Viticulture By-Products as Natural Resources of Bioactive Compounds—Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities
by Ana F. Vinha, Carla Sousa, Andreia Vilela, Joana Ferreira, Rui Medeiros and Fátima Cerqueira
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6278; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146278 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 750
Abstract
Vitis vinifera is the grape variety used in the production of wine and other products. In the wine production process, many of the vine’s by-products are wasted, namely seeds and stems. Given the proportion of wine production worldwide, the quantity of by-products is [...] Read more.
Vitis vinifera is the grape variety used in the production of wine and other products. In the wine production process, many of the vine’s by-products are wasted, namely seeds and stems. Given the proportion of wine production worldwide, the quantity of by-products is beginning to be an environmental problem, making it urgent to take measures for their use to obtain bioactive compounds with health benefits. The aim of this work was to study the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts from the seeds and stems of four Portuguese grape varieties: Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Viosinho, and Tinta Roriz. Total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) contents present in the different extracts were evaluated, as well as the antioxidant activity, by DPPH and FRAP methods. TPC and TFC values of the stem’s extracts are much higher than those of the seeds of the same grape variety in the same solvent. The antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanolic stem extracts is higher than that obtained for the seeds, showing that antioxidant activity is related to the content of polyphenols. The antimicrobial activity of different stem and seed extracts was determined against yeasts and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the effect was determined based on the minimal inhibitory concentrations calculated (MIC). In general, the ethanol:water (1:1) extract of the seeds from the different varieties tested inhibited C. albicans ATCC10231 and C. krusei ATCC6258 growth even at 200 μg/mL, and the effect was fungicidal at 200 μg/mL. The same type of extract showed selective antimicrobial activity, inhibiting S. aureus ATCC29213 growth but having no effect against E. coli ATCC25922 even at 200 μg/mL. The effect against S. aureus was bactericidal (at 200 μg/mL) for Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, and Viosinho. Taking all these results into account, it can be concluded that the by-products of the grape varieties tested are important sources of bioactive products, particularly as antioxidants and antimicrobials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5th Anniversary of ‘Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering’ Section—Recent Advances in the Biochemistry of Inflammation)

Review

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29 pages, 1325 KiB  
Review
COVID-19 Lung Injury: Unique and Familiar Aspects of Pathophysiology
by Stefan Hall, Geraint Berger and Christian Lehmann
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 11048; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311048 - 27 Nov 2024
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), diagnosed clinically as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), refers to a spectrum of acute inflammatory processes culminating in increased permeability of the pulmonary alveolar–capillary barrier and impaired gas exchange. The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has raised [...] Read more.
Acute lung injury (ALI), diagnosed clinically as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), refers to a spectrum of acute inflammatory processes culminating in increased permeability of the pulmonary alveolar–capillary barrier and impaired gas exchange. The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has raised questions as to the similarities and differences between COVID-19 lung injury and ALI of other etiologies. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of ALI and COVID-19 lung injury and draws comparisons between the latter and other infectious etiologies of ALI. Indeed, severe COVID-19 is characterized by a unique array of disease mechanisms including suppression of interferon responses, widespread inflammasome activation, altered leukocyte phenotypes, and hyperactive thrombotic activity. Moreover, these mechanisms manifest as a unique clinical progression, which further differentiates COVID-19 from other viral respiratory pathogens such as SARS, MERS, and influenza. These unique features of COVID-19 pathophysiology bear important implications for current and future therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5th Anniversary of ‘Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering’ Section—Recent Advances in the Biochemistry of Inflammation)
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13 pages, 743 KiB  
Review
Tumor Microenvironment and Dermatological Conditions in Prostate Cancer
by Corina Daniela Ene, Cristina Capusa, Ilinca Nicolae, Mircea Tampa, Madalina Irina Mitran, Cristina Iulia Mitran, Claudia Ioana Dogaru, Andrei Marin, Ecaterina Rinja, Clara Matei and Simona Roxana Georgescu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 9655; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219655 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 769
Abstract
Tumor initiation, progression, and invasion are closely related to the tumor microenvironment. Inflammation can modulate the activity of the cells in the TME and contribute to all stages of tumor development. The etiopathogenesis of cutaneous manifestations associated with prostate cancer is unclear. The [...] Read more.
Tumor initiation, progression, and invasion are closely related to the tumor microenvironment. Inflammation can modulate the activity of the cells in the TME and contribute to all stages of tumor development. The etiopathogenesis of cutaneous manifestations associated with prostate cancer is unclear. The cutaneous phenotype associated with prostate cancer could be supported by intratumoral heterogeneity, the remodeling of interactions in the tumor microenvironment, and the dynamics of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Among the urinary system cancers, prostate cancer presents few cutaneous signs and symptoms, most being diagnosed in the advanced stages of the disease. In this review, we analyze the cutaneous events associated with prostate cancer, represented by direct or indirect manifestations of the primary malignancy and the skin toxicities caused by oncological medications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5th Anniversary of ‘Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering’ Section—Recent Advances in the Biochemistry of Inflammation)
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