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Advanced Backfill Mining Technology
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Advanced Backfill Mining Technology

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 4681

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ying Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: ground control; rock mechanics
Dr. Jinxiao Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
Interests: backfill mining technology; roadway support
Prof. Dr. Qingliang Chang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: ground control; rock mechanics; backfill mining
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Underground mining of a mine can cause the overlying rock layer to appear suspended, sink, and collapse, which will introduce instability to the surrounding rock and may cause destruction of the water system, surface subsidence, and other problems. In backfill mining technology, solid or fluid backfill material is filled at the roadway or gob position via belt conveying or pipeline transportation, and it is an effective method to solve the above problems. Backfill mining technology is mainly based on the “compensation principle” to maintain or change the sinking or collapse state of the overlying rock layer. In addition, if the backfill material is based on waste from mining, the mine can reduce waste emissions. Thus, backfill mining technology is beneficial to promoting mining safety, resource recovery rate, and the environmental protection. This Special Issue is dedicated to new advanced backfill mining technology.

This Special Issue will publish high-quality, original research papers on, but not limited to:

  • Backfill material and performance;
  • Backfill process and equipment;
  • Conveying of backfill materials;
  • Rock stability control using backfill mining technology;
  • Surface subsidence control using backfill mining technology;
  • Water system protection using backfill mining technology;
  • Informationization and intelligentization of backfill mining technology;
  • Packaged technology and application of backfill mining technology.

Dr. Ying Xu
Dr. Jinxiao Liu
Prof. Dr. Qingliang Chang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • underground mining
  • backfill mining technology
  • backfill material
  • backfill equipment
  • rock stability
  • surface subsidence
  • water system
  • informationalization
  • application

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 11034 KiB  
Article
Study on the Three-Dimensional Behavior of Blasting Considering Non-Uniform In-Situ Stresses Distributed along the Blasthole Axis
by Gongyuan Wang, Jianbiao Bai, Ningkang Meng and Xiangqian Zhao
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6256; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146256 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 631
Abstract
For roof-cutting by blasting in the gob-side entry under an overhanging hard roof, studies on the impacts of in-situ stresses on the propagation of blast-induced cracks have typically focused on uniform stresses but ignored the effects of non-uniform in-situ stresses (NIS) distributed along [...] Read more.
For roof-cutting by blasting in the gob-side entry under an overhanging hard roof, studies on the impacts of in-situ stresses on the propagation of blast-induced cracks have typically focused on uniform stresses but ignored the effects of non-uniform in-situ stresses (NIS) distributed along the blasthole axis. Therefore, the distribution patterns of hoop stress and rock damage caused by NIS distributed along the blasthole axis were investigated using numerical modeling and theoretical analysis. The results illustrate that with the rising NIS for the cross section along the blasthole axis, the peak values of hoop compressive stress at the same distance from the blasthole’s center gradually increase, resulting in a nonlinear attenuation trend in the damage range of the rock. Consequently, the spacing between blastholes should be determined based on the average length of the primary cracks under the maximum confining pressure. Additionally, for the cross section perpendicular to the blasthole axis, as the lateral pressure coefficient increases from 0.25 to 2, the damage range in the vertical direction significantly decreases. This results in varying extents of blast-induced cracks within the coal pillar, providing a reference for the design of shallow-borehole crack filling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Backfill Mining Technology)
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22 pages, 2694 KiB  
Article
A New CRITIC-GRA Model for Stope Dimension Optimization Considering Open Stoping Stability, Mining Capacity and Costs
by Chuanyu Li, Guangsheng Liu, Lijie Guo, Di Zheng and Xuehao Yuan
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 5249; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125249 - 17 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 752
Abstract
In the long-hole stage open stoping with subsequent backfill mining of underground metal mines, the selection or optimization of stope dimension parameters is significant for safe and economic mining operations. To analyze the optimal stope sizes, the Mathews empirical graph method and FLAC3D [...] Read more.
In the long-hole stage open stoping with subsequent backfill mining of underground metal mines, the selection or optimization of stope dimension parameters is significant for safe and economic mining operations. To analyze the optimal stope sizes, the Mathews empirical graph method and FLAC3D numerical method can be used, but the analyzed safety results of the two methods are generally independent from each other. More importantly, economic indicators including production capacity and mining costs should be considered simultaneously to optimize the stope dimension which was mostly ignored in previous reports. In this paper, a new CRITIC-GRA model was proposed for the first time to build up a multi-factor quantitative optimization for stope dimension, which allows for a comprehensive analysis with preset influential safety and economic indicators. The indicators considered include the safety indicators such as stability probability for the side walls and roof of the open stope via the updated Mathews graph method, maximum displacement, plastic zones volume and maximum principal stress via FLAC3D simulations, as well as economic indicators such as mining costs and stope production capacity in mine operations. The model was then illustrated in an underground iron mine. With the given rockmass quality in the mine, the overall stability of the open stope can be improved instead of reduced to enlarge the single stage stope height (60 m) to a double stage height (120 m) by reducing the stope width from 20 m to 15 m, thereby significantly increasing the mineable ore amount and improving the stope safety. An integrated evaluation of open stope stability, mining capacity and costs objectively determined that scheme No. 10, with a slope length of 50 m, a width of 15 m and a height of 120 m, was the optimum out of the 20 preset schemes. The new CRITIC-GRA model offers a dependable reference tool for determining the optimal stope dimensions in similar underground mines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Backfill Mining Technology)
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17 pages, 13993 KiB  
Article
Study of the Overlying Strata Movement Law for Paste-Filling Longwall Fully Mechanized in Gaohe Coal Mine
by Guangyuan Song, Kai Du, Yidong Zhang, Zexin Li and Lei Hu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8017; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148017 - 9 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1042
Abstract
Green mining plays a vital role in achieving environmentally friendly and ecologically sound mining practices. In domestic mining areas, the coal mining method is gradually transitioning from collapse mining to filling mining. Paste filling has been proven effective in controlling surface deformation, although [...] Read more.
Green mining plays a vital role in achieving environmentally friendly and ecologically sound mining practices. In domestic mining areas, the coal mining method is gradually transitioning from collapse mining to filling mining. Paste filling has been proven effective in controlling surface deformation, although the understanding of its underlying control mechanisms remains incomplete. This study focuses on the E1302 paste-filling working face at Shanxi Gaohe Energy Co., Ltd. and conducts a comprehensive investigation into the movement patterns of overlying strata in longwall fully mechanized mining with paste filling. Through mathematical analysis, a mechanical model for overburden movement in paste-filling faces is established, and the movement behavior of overburden is studied through numerical simulations. Field measurements are conducted to analyze the primary influencing factors of overburden movement, while surface subsidence monitoring is employed to analyze the subsidence characteristics of paste-filling faces. The research reveals that the deflection formula for the roof behind the paste-filling face follows a unitary quartic equation. The key factors influencing significant roof subsidence in filling faces include the filling step distance, filling body strength, and filling rate. Compared to traditional caving mining, filling mining exhibits reduced stress concentration, a smaller range of stress influence, and less deformation in the surrounding rock. The coefficient of gentle subsidence for the overlying rock in filling mining is approximately one-tenth of that in caving mining. The development of cracks in filling mining can be divided into three stages: initial crack propagation, crack recompaction, and stable maintenance of cracks. Notably, the progression of advanced cracks assumes a “sail-shaped” pattern, and the area of crack recompaction is located above the rear side of the excavation. Cracks behind the working face only appear in the basal roof rock layer. When the filling rate in longwall fully mechanized mining with paste filling exceeds 94%, the top plate of the filling working face remains intact but exhibits bending and sinking. The sinking of the top plate increases exponentially with the filling step distance, and approximately 80% of the filling body’s deformation occurs within 20 m after filling. Following backfilling mining, the stability period of the overlying rock is significantly shortened compared to caving mining, resulting in a relatively gentle movement without an active surface movement phase. After six months of backfilling, the overlying rock settles steadily and consistently. The subsidence coefficient for backfilling mining is 0.065, with a maximum surface subsidence of 215 mm. These findings highlight the successful control of surface subsidence. The research outcomes provide an effective theoretical foundation and research direction for predicting overburden movement and surface subsidence in paste-filling faces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Backfill Mining Technology)
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22 pages, 12158 KiB  
Article
Mechanism of Time-Dependent Instability of Deep Soft-Rock Roadway and Crack-Filling Reinforcement Technology
by Bowen Wu, Jucai Chang, Chuanming Li, Tuo Wang, Wenbao Shi and Xiangyu Wang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4641; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074641 - 6 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1391
Abstract
Soft broken surrounding rock exhibits obvious rheological properties and time-dependent weakening effects under the action of deep high-ground stress, leading to the increasingly prominent problem of sustained large deformation in deep roadways. In this study, with the II5 Rail Rise in Zhuxianzhuang Coal [...] Read more.
Soft broken surrounding rock exhibits obvious rheological properties and time-dependent weakening effects under the action of deep high-ground stress, leading to the increasingly prominent problem of sustained large deformation in deep roadways. In this study, with the II5 Rail Rise in Zhuxianzhuang Coal Mine as an example, the mechanism and control technology of time-dependent damage and instability in a deep soft-rock roadway were explored through a field observation and numerical simulation. The research results show that the range of the loose circle in the deep fractured surrounding rock can reach 3.0 m. The expansion of shallow and deep cracks causes the primary plastic deformation and secondary rheological deformation of the surrounding rock, with the rheological deformation rate increasing by 21.4% every 55 days on average, which ultimately induces the instability and failure of the surrounding rock. Based on the mechanism of roadway instability, a control technology of high-preload bolt + deep- and shallow-borehole crack filling was proposed. The technology reduces deformation and ensures the stability of the roadway surrounding rock by inhibiting the propagation of deep and shallow cracks and reinforcing the surrounding rock. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Backfill Mining Technology)
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