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Intelligent Vehicles: Advanced Technology and Development

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Transportation and Future Mobility".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 8106

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
Interests: intelligent machine learning and artificial neural network; intelligent fault diagnosis technology; weak signal identification and intelligent health diagnosis; intelligent vehicle design and lightweight technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of intelligent vehicles is essential for improving urban mobility and contributing to the development of smart cities. Both industry and academy have made tremendous advancements in the last decade in this field. Within the area of intelligent vehicles research, there are still many challenges/areas for improvement: perception systems, scene understanding, localization and mapping, navigation, path planning, trajectory planning, vehicle control, etc.

The current scene-understanding technologies and methodologies depend on multiple sensor systems, and there is a broad variety of sensors. GPS, IMU, cameras, radars, and lidars are the most common, and they are based on highly complex and sophisticated algorithms, which include artificial intelligence. These sensors are used for localization (visual odometry, lidar odometry, 3D maps, map matching, etc.), perception (trajectory planning, scene understanding, traffic sign detection, drivable space detection, obstacle avoidance, etc.), and so on.

The aim of this Special Issue is to achieve an insightful perspective of the latest works in these fields, and to provide the reader with a clear picture of the advances that are on the horizon. Welcomed topics include, but are not strictly limited to, the following:

  • Vehicle intelligent detection algorithms and control;
  • Multi-sensor information and heterogeneous data fusion;
  • Computer vision and image processing;
  • Lidar and 3D sensors;
  • Radar and other proximity sensors;
  • Advanced driver assistance systems onboard vehicles;
  • Self-driving car perception and navigation systems;
  • Intelligent navigation and path planning;
  • Intelligent-network vehicles;
  • Intelligent interaction integrating driver’s attention and emotions;
  • Automatic vehicle trajectory planning and control;
  • Human factors and human-machine interactions;
  • Fail-safe, fail-aware, and fail-operational systems.

Prof. Dr. Shunming Li
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • computer vision
  • lidar
  • radar
  • 3D perception systems
  • convolutional neural networks
  • traffic light detection
  • collision mitigation brake systems
  • driving monitoring system
  • visual odometry
  • lidar odometry
  • 3D maps construction and localization
  • scene understanding
  • traffic sign detection
  • drivable space detection
  • obstacle detection

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1013 KiB  
Article
Multi-Vehicle Tracking Based on Monocular Camera in Driver View
by Pengfei Lyu, Minxiang Wei and Yuwei Wu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12244; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312244 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1740
Abstract
Multi-vehicle tracking is used in advanced driver assistance systems to track obstacles, which is fundamental for high-level tasks. It requires real-time performance while dealing with object illumination variations and deformations. To this end, we propose a novel multi-vehicle tracking algorithm based on a [...] Read more.
Multi-vehicle tracking is used in advanced driver assistance systems to track obstacles, which is fundamental for high-level tasks. It requires real-time performance while dealing with object illumination variations and deformations. To this end, we propose a novel multi-vehicle tracking algorithm based on a monocular camera in driver view. It follows the tracking-by-detection paradigm and integrates detection and appearance descriptors into a single network. The one-stage detection approach consists of a backbone, a modified BiFPN as a neck layer, and three prediction heads. The data association consists of a two-step matching strategy together with a Kalman filter. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms. It is also able to solve the tracking problem in driving scenarios while maintaining 16 FPS on the test dataset. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Vehicles: Advanced Technology and Development)
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17 pages, 2416 KiB  
Article
Proactive Motion Planning for Uncontrolled Blind Intersections to Improve the Safety and Traffic Efficiency of Autonomous Vehicles
by Sunyeap Park and Yonghwan Jeong
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11570; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211570 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2697
Abstract
For the last two decades, autonomous vehicles have been proposed and developed to extend the operational design domain from the motorway to urban environments. However, there have been few studies on autonomous driving for uncontrolled and blind intersections. This paper presents a proactive [...] Read more.
For the last two decades, autonomous vehicles have been proposed and developed to extend the operational design domain from the motorway to urban environments. However, there have been few studies on autonomous driving for uncontrolled and blind intersections. This paper presents a proactive motion planning algorithm to enhance safety and traffic efficiency simultaneously for autonomous driving in uncontrolled blind intersections. The target states of approach motion are decided based on the field of view of the laser scanner and the pre-defined intersection map with connectivity information. The model predictive controller is used to follow the target states and determine the longitudinal motion of an autonomous vehicle. A Monte Carlo simulation with a case study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed proactive motion planner. The simulation results show that the risk caused by approaching vehicles from the occluded region is properly managed. In addition, the traffic flow is improved by reducing the required time to cross the intersections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Vehicles: Advanced Technology and Development)
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17 pages, 9135 KiB  
Article
A Study on Improvement of Motion Sensation for a Vehicle Driving Simulator Based on Specific Force Gain and Tilt Angle Scale Method
by Seong-Jin Kwon and Moon-Sik Kim
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9473; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199473 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1666
Abstract
The vehicle driving simulator (VDS) is a virtual reality-based system that provides drivers and passengers with a driving feeling similar to the actual vehicle. However, the motion system of the VDS has limitations in providing the same driving feeling as the actual driving [...] Read more.
The vehicle driving simulator (VDS) is a virtual reality-based system that provides drivers and passengers with a driving feeling similar to the actual vehicle. However, the motion system of the VDS has limitations in providing the same driving feeling as the actual driving due to its limited kinematics and dynamic characteristics. In order to solve these problems and limit the motion of the VDS to the kinematic workspace, a washout algorithm is needed. However, since the classical washout algorithm causes simulator sickness due to time delay and signal distortion caused by using the signal filters, various washout algorithms have been proposed, such as a new tilt coordination algorithm and method of directly reflecting subregions of vehicle tilt angle. However, the new tilt coordination washout algorithm has the disadvantage of extremely degrading the rotational motion sensation, and the subregions scale method has the disadvantage of ambiguous criteria for selecting scale parameters. In this paper, we propose a novel washout algorithm that improves the motion sensation of the driver and passengers by an enhanced tilt coordination and subregion scale washout algorithm and evaluate it through a simulation based on the human sensation model. The proposed washout algorithm has the advantage of maintaining enhanced translational motion sensation by the new tilt coordination algorithm while complementing deteriorated rotational motion sensation. In addition, the structure of the algorithm is simple and gain tunning is intuitive, making it easy for the user to apply to the motion system of the VDS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Vehicles: Advanced Technology and Development)
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14 pages, 4602 KiB  
Article
Research on the Decoupling of the Parallel Vehicle Tilting and Steering Mechanism
by Ruolin Gao, Haitao Li, Wenjun Wei and Ya Wang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7502; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157502 - 26 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1431
Abstract
Active tilting vehicles tilt to the inside of the corner when the vehicle is steering. The tilting motion improves the steering and roll stability of the vehicle. The steering mechanism and the tilting mechanism of the vehicle are connected in parallel. The transmission [...] Read more.
Active tilting vehicles tilt to the inside of the corner when the vehicle is steering. The tilting motion improves the steering and roll stability of the vehicle. The steering mechanism and the tilting mechanism of the vehicle are connected in parallel. The transmission of the steering mechanism is influenced by the movements of the tilting mechanism. In order to solve this problem, a parallel mechanism is proposed in this paper. It consists of a spatial steering mechanism and a tilting mechanism in parallel. A mathematical model of the parallel mechanism with the wheel alignment parameters has been established. The model calculates the decoupling conditions of the parallel mechanism. In this study, a decoupling method for the parallel mechanism is proposed. A prototype of the parallel mechanism was designed according to the proposed method. The prototype was found to reduce the influence of vehicle tilting on the outer and inner wheel steering angles by up to 0.64% and 0.78%, respectively. The steering geometry correction rate of the prototype is between 1.198 and 0.961. The correctness of the model was verified by experimentation on the prototype. The proposed method can effectively decouple the tilting motion and steering motion of the vehicle and make the wheels on both sides satisfy the Ackerman steering condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Vehicles: Advanced Technology and Development)
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