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15 pages, 11708 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Study Comparing Retention of Custom Post and Cores Fabricated Using Conventional, CAD/CAM Milling and 3D-Printing Techniques

by Hatem Alqarni, Abdulaziz A. AlHelal, Rami Jekki, Mathew T. Kattadiyil, Mohammed E. Sayed, Saurabh Jain, Seyed Aliakbar Vahdati and Salem Dehom

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 11896; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122311896 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2112

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the retention of custom-cast non-precious post and cores (CCNPPCs) (control group), custom-milled titanium post and cores (CMTPCs), custom-printed titanium post and cores (CPTPCs), and custom-milled zirconia post and cores (CMZPCs), and to evaluate their mode [...] Read more.

This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the retention of custom-cast non-precious post and cores (CCNPPCs) (control group), custom-milled titanium post and cores (CMTPCs), custom-printed titanium post and cores (CPTPCs), and custom-milled zirconia post and cores (CMZPCs), and to evaluate their mode of failure. The tested null hypothesis was that there were no differences in the retention of the various custom post and cores tested. A total of 80 post-and-core patterns were made using pattern resin and were divided into four groups: Group 1—fabricated via conventional casting using a non-precious casting alloy; Group 2—fabricated using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) subtractive technique using titanium; Group 3—fabricated using a CAD/CAM additive (3D printing) technique using titanium; and Group 4—fabricated using a CAD/CAM subtractive technique using zirconia. The post and cores were cemented with resin cement and a universal pull-out test was used to check the retention. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA tests, post hoc tests, and Tukey’s adjustment for multiple comparisons. The pull-out test revealed higher retention values for CPTPCs and CMTPCs. When compared with CMZPCs, the conventional CCNPPCs revealed significantly better retention values (p < 0.05). Cohesive failure was observed in Groups 1, 2, and 4. However, Group 3 revealed a mixed type of failure. The CCNPPCs revealed clinically acceptable values, while the CPTPC and CMTPC groups revealed better overall values of retention and time to failure. The titanium alloy was assessed to be a promising choice for fabricating dental post-and-core restorations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaches 20,000 Articles Milestone: Invited Papers in "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences" Section)

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10 pages, 1955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Martens Hardness of CAD/CAM Resin-Based Composites

by Martin Rosentritt, Sebastian Hahnel, Sibylle Schneider-Feyrer, Thomas Strasser and Alois Schmid

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7698; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157698 - 30 Jul 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2076

Abstract

(1) Background: The properties of CAD/CAM resin-based composites differ due to differences in their composition. Instrumented indentation testing can help to analyze these differences with respect to hardness, as well as energy-converting capabilities due to viscoelastic behavior. (2) Methods: Eleven materials were investigated [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The properties of CAD/CAM resin-based composites differ due to differences in their composition. Instrumented indentation testing can help to analyze these differences with respect to hardness, as well as energy-converting capabilities due to viscoelastic behavior. (2) Methods: Eleven materials were investigated using instrumented indentation testing. Indentation depth (h_r), Martens hardness (H_M), indentation hardness (H_IT), indentation modulus (E_IT), the elastic part of indentation work (η_IT), and indentation creep (C_IT) were investigated, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc test, and Pearson correlation (α = 0.05). (3) Results: All of the investigated parameters revealed differences between the analyzed materials. Besides the differences in hardness-associated parameters (h_r, H_M, and H_IT), instrumented indentation testing demonstrated differences in energy-converting properties. The subsequent one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences (p < 0.001). A significant (p < 0.01, Pearson correlation >0.576) correlation between the materials and H_M, H_IT, or E_IT was identified. (4) Conclusions: Due to the differences found in the energy-converting properties of the investigated materials, certain CAD/CAM resin-based composites could show superior stress-breaking capabilities than others. The consequential reduction in stress build-up may prove to beneficial, especially for implant-retained restorations or patients suffering from parafunctions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaches 20,000 Articles Milestone: Invited Papers in "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences" Section)

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12 pages, 1505 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Linear Dimensional Change in Acrylic Denture Teeth Positions Factored by Different Processing Techniques and Occlusal Forms: An In Vitro Study

by Mohammed E. Sayed, Amit Porwal, Saurabh Jain, Abdulkarim Hussain Alshehri, Nasser M. Alqahtani, Ashwaq Hadi Ali Hadadi, Rawan Abdulwadoud Zakri, Sahar Mahdi Musa Zeed, Saswan Ibrahim Nahari, Fatimah H. Alsurayyie, Hatem Alqarni, Saeed M. Alqahtani and Saad Saleh AlResayes

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7058; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147058 - 13 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2238

Abstract

The current literature lacks substantial evidence for the effect of denture base processing techniques and posterior denture tooth forms on denture tooth shifts due to denture base resin polymerization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of PMMA-based denture [...] Read more.

The current literature lacks substantial evidence for the effect of denture base processing techniques and posterior denture tooth forms on denture tooth shifts due to denture base resin polymerization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of PMMA-based denture processing techniques (compression packing and injection molding) and posterior tooth forms (semi-anatomic and non-anatomic) on the linear dimensional shift of denture teeth following denture processing in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. Two different complete denture fabrication techniques were used to prepare forty ideal maxillary complete dentures using two different types of posterior tooth forms. The used fabrication techniques were conventional heat polymerized compression packing and injection molding. The posterior tooth forms used in the current study were non-anatomic tooth (0 degrees) and semi-anatomic tooth forms (approximately 20 degrees). Initial linear measurements (vertical and horizontal) were taken from pre-specified points for the central incisor and first molar. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10), and denture processing was performed using the two techniques. Final linear measurements were recorded. The linear change in dimension for all six parameters was calculated by deducting the after values from the before values. Since the discrepancies were both positive and negative in magnitude, the absolute value of the difference was taken for further analysis. This value represents the dimensional change. T-tests were used to compare the mean dimensional changes. Furthermore, the mean dimensional changes for all the six parameters were compared using a two-way analysis of variance. The alpha error was set at 5%, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The injection molding technique showed significantly fewer tooth movements in both the vertical and horizontal measurements as compared to the conventional compression packing technique. The non-anatomic tooth showed significantly fewer changes in tooth movement as compared to semi-anatomic teeth in both the compression and injection techniques. This study can guide the selection of a proper processing technique for a particular posterior tooth form, thus minimizing occlusal discrepancies and reducing occlusal corrections during laboratory and clinical remount procedures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaches 20,000 Articles Milestone: Invited Papers in "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences" Section)

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10 pages, 1152 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tooth Shade Relationship with Age, Gender, and Skin Color in a Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Hussain Alsayed, Razan Alaqeely, Nawaf Almazrouei, Mohammed Alzahrani, Faris Alzahrani, Abdulaziz Bin Oun and Abdulmonem Alshihri

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6315; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136315 - 21 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2487

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between tooth shade among different groups of patients according to their age, gender, and skin color in a Saudi population. Materials and methods: Participants were divided based on age into Group 1 [...] Read more.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between tooth shade among different groups of patients according to their age, gender, and skin color in a Saudi population. Materials and methods: Participants were divided based on age into Group 1 (10–20 years), Group 2 (21–30 years), Group 3 (31–40 years), and Group 4 (41+ years), and according to gender. Tooth shade was measured by Vita easyshade, Shade scanner, 3D Master shade system. The skin color was determined according to the Firzpatrick Scale. It consists of six shades, namely: I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. The skin complexion of the participants was divided into six categories: white/very fair, fair, light brown, moderate brown, dark brown, and black. Results: One hundred and ninety-eight individuals were recruited. Around 70% were males. Females had 25.4% A2 followed by 22% A1, and 22% A3 shade types, while males had B3 shade (18%) followed by A2 and A3 (15.8%). A statistically significant difference was observed between shade and gender (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed between shade and age group (p < 0.05), where increased age was correlated with darker teeth shades. Shade A1 was correlated with type I skin color in 57.1% of individuals. Skin color type II had A2 as a dominant shade by 34.1%. A2 and A3 shades were equally observed in skin color III by 20.3%. Overall, statistically significant differences were observed between shade and skin color groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the most frequent classical shade noted among male and female participants was shade type A, which represents reddish brownish. Group 2 (21–30 years) had the B3 shade as the most prominent shade type among age groups. Gender, age, and skin types all showed a significant relation with the tooth shade. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaches 20,000 Articles Milestone: Invited Papers in "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences" Section)

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12 pages, 2839 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bacterial Disinfection of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Resin Polymer Using Low Level Microwave Irradiation and Denture Cleaning Agent

by Ziaullah Choudhry, Syed M. R. Kazmi, Sofia Malik, Zulfiqar A. Mirani, Shahbaz Ahmed, Fazal Ur Rehman Qazi, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Mohammed Alrabiah, Khulud A. AlAali, Fahim Vohra and Tariq Abduljabbar

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 5860; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125860 - 9 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2436

Abstract

The aim was to evaluate the disinfection of E. coli, S. aureus and S. mutans cultured on Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) resin polymer using microwave disinfection and sodium perborate (DC). Biofilms of E. coli, S. aureus and S. mutans were cultured on [...] Read more.

The aim was to evaluate the disinfection of E. coli, S. aureus and S. mutans cultured on Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) resin polymer using microwave disinfection and sodium perborate (DC). Biofilms of E. coli, S. aureus and S. mutans were cultured on the PMMA denture base for 24, 36, 48 and 96 h. Specimens were subjected to three disinfection protocols, including microwave disinfection in distilled water (MW-DW), sodium perborate (denture cleaning tablet) with distilled water (DC-DW) and a combination of MW-DC-DW for 1 to 5 min. Colony-forming units among the study groups were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. For E. coli and S. aureus cultured on PMMA, the MW-DC-DW group displayed complete disinfection at 2 min of exposure. However, for both bacteria, the MW-DW disinfection group showed zero CFU at 3 min. DC disinfection for E. coli and S. aureus displayed zero CFU at 5 min of exposure (p ≤ 0.05). For S. mutans, MW-DC-DW and MW-DW displayed zero CFU count at 1 min and 2 min, respectively. In DC-treated samples, CFU were significantly zero at 4 min when compared with the control at each growth time. A combination of MW irradiation with DC (sodium perborate) showed higher disinfection percentage of bacterial species on PMMA polymer denture bases compared to MW and DC alone. PMMA disinfection using DC displayed a lower antimicrobial disinfection percentage than the combined use of MW and DC as well as MW alone at 1 min or 2 min disinfection for E. coli, S. aureus and S. mutans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaches 20,000 Articles Milestone: Invited Papers in "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences" Section)

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12 pages, 1239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral Health in Migrants: An Observational Study on the Oral Health Status of a Migrant Cohort Coming from Middle- and Low-Income Countries

by Dorina Lauritano, Giulia Moreo, Marcella Martinelli, Vincenzo Campanella, Claudio Arcuri and Francesco Carinci

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 5774; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125774 - 7 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2260

Abstract

Introduction. The oral health conditions of migrants coming from middle- and low-income countries to developed countries have been shown to be poorer than those of the host population. Since the phenomenon of migration has continued to grow over the past five decades, [...] Read more.

Introduction. The oral health conditions of migrants coming from middle- and low-income countries to developed countries have been shown to be poorer than those of the host population. Since the phenomenon of migration has continued to grow over the past five decades, the oral health status of migrant populations should be an issue of great concern. Objectives. The objective of our observational study was to analyse the periodontal health status and the prevalence of dental caries and lesions of the oral mucosa in a migrant cohort resident in Italy, assessing the association between the oral health status and the educational level of the included patients. Materials and Methods. Our research was conducted at the dental department of Policlinico Tor Vergata (Rome, Italy). A sample of 200 migrants coming from middle- and low-income countries, aged between 3 and 37, was included in our study. Each patient underwent a physical examination of the oral cavity, recording the DMFT/dmft index, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPI), and lesions of the oral mucosa. The one-way ANOVA test was used to establish the correlation between the oral health status and the educational level of the participants. Results. Many participants (62.5%) showed a DMFT/dmft Index ≥ 4; only 27% of the migrants had a DMFT/dmft Index lower than 4, and only 21 of them (10.5%) were recorded at 0. A CPI equal to 0 or 1 was observed in 131 patients (65.5%), while only 30 participants presented a CPI equal to or higher than 4 (15%), and 19.5% (39 patients) were assigned to code 2 and 3. Significant statistical differences were found in the CPI after adjusting data for the educational level of the included participants (p-value < 0.01). Conclusions. The data obtained in our research highlighted poor oral conditions among the analysed migrant population, recording a high prevalence of dental caries and inadequate oral hygiene habits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaches 20,000 Articles Milestone: Invited Papers in "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences" Section)

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11 pages, 2638 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Affecting the Outcome of Periapical Surgery; a Prospective Longitudinal Clinical Study

by Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Nouman Mughal, Syed Hani Abidi, Muhammad Furqan Bari, Mohammed Mustafa, Fahim Vohra and Ali Alrahlah

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11768; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411768 - 10 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4001

Abstract

Wound healing following periapical surgery is influenced by age, gender, smoking, periapical lesion size, type of root-end filling, method of root-end cavity preparation and the use of microsurgical or conventional technique. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of various preoperative factors such [...] Read more.

Wound healing following periapical surgery is influenced by age, gender, smoking, periapical lesion size, type of root-end filling, method of root-end cavity preparation and the use of microsurgical or conventional technique. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of various preoperative factors such as age, gender, smoking, preoperative pain, and preoperative periapical lesion size on the outcome of surgical endodontic treatment. A thorough history, examination, and investigation were performed to establish patient age, gender, smoking status, periapical lesion size, and the presence of preoperative pain. Forty patients aged between 15–57 years presented with persistent chronic apical periodontitis of single-rooted anterior teeth after conventional re-root canal treatment were enrolled for periapical surgery. Following periapical surgery, all patients were recalled for evaluation of periapical healing after 12 months based on clinical and periapical X-ray examination due to inaccessibility of an advanced imaging system (CBCT). Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact test were applied, which revealed a statistically significant association of periapical healing with age (p = 0.025), smoking (p = 0.029), and lesion size (p < 0.001). Although, the success of periapical healing was higher in males 78.6% (22/28) compared to females 58.3% (7/12) however, no statistically significant relationship was found between gender and healing (p = 0.254). Patient age, smoking status, and size of the preoperative lesion had a strong influence on periapical healing after surgical endodontic treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaches 20,000 Articles Milestone: Invited Papers in "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences" Section)

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12 pages, 2442 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Marginal Integrity and Surface Roughness of Selective Laser Melting, CAD-CAM and Digital Light Processing Manufactured Co-Cr Alloy Copings

by Abdulaziz S. Alqahtani, Abdullah M. AlFadda, Malek Eldesouky, Mazen K. Alnuwaiser, Samar Al-Saleh, Saad Alresayes, Abdullah Alshahrani, Fahim Vohra and Tariq Abduljabbar

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8328; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188328 - 8 Sep 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2407

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of fabrication techniques on the surface micro-roughness (Ra) and marginal misfit of cobalt chromium (CoCr) copings. A mandibular first molar was prepared for a metal ceramic crown. Forty metal copings were prepared [...] Read more.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of fabrication techniques on the surface micro-roughness (Ra) and marginal misfit of cobalt chromium (CoCr) copings. A mandibular first molar was prepared for a metal ceramic crown. Forty metal copings were prepared and divided into groups (n = 10). Group 1, Casting-Lost wax technique (Cast-LWT), Group 2, CAD-CAM, Group 3, Selective laser melting (SLM), and Group 4, Digital light processing-Cast (DLP-Cast). Ra was measured using laser profilometry and marginal misfit was analyzed with Micro-CT. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey multiple comparison, and correlation coefficient tests were applied (p < 0.05). SLM technique showed the highest Ra (2.251 ± 0.310 μm) and the Cast-LWT group presented the lowest Ra (1.055 ± 0.184 μm). CAD-CAM copings showed statistically lower Ra compared with SLM samples (p = 0.028), but comparable Ra to DLP-Cast (p > 0.05). CoCr copings fabricated from the DLP-Cast technique demonstrated the highest marginal misfit (147.746 ± 30.306 μm) and the lowest misfit was established by SLM copings (27.193 ± 8.519 μm). The SLM technique displayed lower marginal misfit than DLP-Cast and CAD-CAM (p = 0.001), but comparable misfit to Cast-LWT copings. Ra influenced the marginal misfit in CAD-CAM, SLM, and DLP-Cast technique-fabricated copings. (p < 0.01). Marginal misfit and Ra of CoCr copings are contingent on the different fabrication techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaches 20,000 Articles Milestone: Invited Papers in "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences" Section)

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8 pages, 1073 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Root Canal Sealers and Obturation Techniques on Vertical Root Fracture Resistance. An In Vitro Experiment

by Mazen F. Alkahtany, Khalid H. Almadi, Fahad A. Alahmad, Abdullah M. Alshehri, Abdulrahman A. AlSwayyed, Omar M. AlZahran, Ali AlHadan, Abdulaziz S. Almustafa, Fahim Vohra and Tariq Abduljabbar

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 8022; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11178022 - 30 Aug 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3131

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the vertical root fracture (VRF) resistance of roots obturated with TotalFill BC Sealer and AH Plus sealer using lateral condensation and single cone techniques in comparison to untreated controls. Sixty single rooted mandibular premolars [...] Read more.

The aim of the present study was to determine the vertical root fracture (VRF) resistance of roots obturated with TotalFill BC Sealer and AH Plus sealer using lateral condensation and single cone techniques in comparison to untreated controls. Sixty single rooted mandibular premolars were sectioned and divided into six groups. Ten teeth were left untreated (positive control-Gp 1) and fifty teeth were cleaned and shaped. Ten root specimens were left unfilled (negative control-Gp 2) and the remaining roots were divided into 4 groups. Gp 3, GP and AH Plus sealer (AH Plus) using the cold lateral compaction (LC) technique; Gp 4, GP and AH Plus using the Single Cone (SC) technique; Gp 5: TotalFill GP and TotalFill BC sealer using the LC technique; Gp 6: TotalFill GP and TotalFill BC sealer with SC. VRF was performed for all specimens using a universal testing machine. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukeys post-hoc multiple comparison test was used to compare the means among tested study groups. Group 1 (positive control) displayed the highest fracture resistance (946.61 ± 166.465 N); however, the lowest fracture strength was demonstrated by the specimens in group 2 (negative control) (433.31 ± 129.350 N). Specimens treated with AH plus using different obturation techniques (group 3 and 4) showed comparable outcomes (p > 0.05). Similarly, specimens treated with TotalFill BC sealer with different obturation techniques showed statistically similar outcomes (p > 0.05). It was also observed that specimens in groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 demonstrated comparable outcomes of fracture strength (p > 0.05). The use of TotalFill-BC sealer showed similar vertical root fracture resistance as AH plus sealer in root canal treated teeth. Use of total fill-BC and AH Plus sealer in root canal treatment showed vertical root fracture resistance comparable to untreated natural teeth (positive controls). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaches 20,000 Articles Milestone: Invited Papers in "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences" Section)

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11 pages, 275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Self-Rated Pain with Clinical Peri-Implant Parameters and Cytokine Profile in Smokers and Never Smokers with and without Peri-Implantitis

by Faris A. Alshahrani, Firas K. Alqarawi, Montaser N. Alqutub, Abdulrahman M. AlMubarak, Eman M. AlHamdan, Samar Al-Saleh, Paras Ahmad, Fahim Vohra and Tariq Abduljabbar

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5559; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125559 - 16 Jun 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1877

Abstract

To examine the association between self-perceived pain (SPP), clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters, and biomarker levels among smokers and never smokers with and without peri-implantitis. Sixty individuals (20 smokers with peri-implantitis [group-1], 20 never smokers with peri-implantitis [group-2] and 20 never smokers without [...] Read more.

To examine the association between self-perceived pain (SPP), clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters, and biomarker levels among smokers and never smokers with and without peri-implantitis. Sixty individuals (20 smokers with peri-implantitis [group-1], 20 never smokers with peri-implantitis [group-2] and 20 never smokers without peri-implantitis [control-group]) were included. SPP was evaluated using a numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). Peri-implant plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. After obtaining the samples, the levels of TNF-α, MMP-1, and IL-8 were measured. The mean SPP score in group-1, group-2, and the control group was 1.3 ± 1, 3.4 ± 1, and zero, respectively. The peri-implant mean PD (p < 0.05), BOP (p < 0.05), PI (p < 0.05), and crestal bone loss (CBL) (p < 0.05) were significantly higher among test groups than the control group. The levels of TNF-α, MMP-1, and IL-8 were significantly raised among group-1 and group-2 than the control group. A significant correlation between increasing SPP and PICF TNF-α, MMP-1, and IL-8 levels was observed based on regression analysis. Proinflammatory biomarkers were higher in smokers with peri-implantitis than never smokers with and without peri-implantitis, with a significant association between the proinflammatory cytokines and SPP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaches 20,000 Articles Milestone: Invited Papers in "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences" Section)

Other

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9 pages, 1241 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Oral Manifestations in Scurvy Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and a Case Report

by Maria Francesca Gicchino, Antonio Romano, Speranza Cioffi, Fausto Fiori, Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice, Alberta Lucchese, Alma Nunzia Olivieri and Rosario Serpico

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8323; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188323 - 8 Sep 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5931

Abstract

Scurvy is generated by lack of vitamin C; although it is considered a rare and past disease, scurvy continues to be detected in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and with selective diet habits. Identifying scurvy can be demanding due to the perceived rarity of [...] Read more.

Scurvy is generated by lack of vitamin C; although it is considered a rare and past disease, scurvy continues to be detected in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and with selective diet habits. Identifying scurvy can be demanding due to the perceived rarity of the condition, and it can become a tricky diagnostic question given to the variety of nonspecific symptoms, including gingival manifestations. This study aims to identify most common clinical features in order to provide a complete picture of the signs and symptoms, and to offer clinicians the diagnostic tools for identifying patients suffering from scurvy. We present a case report of a child affected by scurvy; it has also been performed as a systematic review about scurvy in pediatric population. A search yielded 107 relevant studies since 1990. Most of the identified cases have shown oral, musculoskeletal and cutaneous manifestation that improved within a few days of starting vitamin C therapy. Identifying scurvy’s characteristic clinical features allows a timely diagnosis, thus avoiding invasive investigations. Pediatric dentists should possess adequate knowledge and experience to identify the main characteristics of scurvy. This can help facilitate a prompt diagnosis in order to provide timely intervention to the patient that is relatively ease and safe. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaches 20,000 Articles Milestone: Invited Papers in "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences" Section)

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