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Numerical Modeling and Mechanical Properties Analysis for Building Materials
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Numerical Modeling and Mechanical Properties Analysis for Building Materials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2022) | Viewed by 21143

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Stefano Dal Pont

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoire 3SR, Universite Grenoble Alpesdisabled, 38400 Saint Martin d'Heres, France
Interests: numerical simulation; mechanical properties; multiscale modeling; numerical modeling
Prof. Matthieu Briffaut

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Grenoble Alpes University
Interests: structural analysis; construction; construction materials; construction engineering; finite element analysis; finite element modeling; concrete technologies; civil engineering materials; building materials; building

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Numerical approaches on building materials are commonly adopted today as indispensable tools to design, monitor, and verify structural safety. From the critical analysis of experimental results to the design of civil engineering structures, numerical simulations not only allow investigating short- and long-term in-service behavior but also predicting failure under extreme situations, such as high-rate dynamic mechanical loadings or multiphysics loadings such as fire or high pressures. Different numerical and analytical techniques are indeed available in the literature to approach the solution of such conditions.

The objective of the proposed Special Issue on ‘Numerical Modeling and Mechanical Properties Analysis for Building Materials’ is to assess the importance of these topics, with a particular focus on theoretical and numerical aspects.

The issue accepts high-quality papers presenting original research and case studies on the mechanical and multiphysics behavior of different building materials, such as concrete, masonry and geo-based materials, illustrating different methodologies (discrete elements, finite elements, etc.) at different scales, from the laboratory sample to structural applications.

Prof. Dr. Stefano Dal Pont
Prof. Matthieu Briffaut
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • building materials
  • numerical modelling
  • multi-physics loadings
  • mechanical properties
  • numerical-experimental synergy
  • multiscale analysis
  • structural behavior

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 6072 KiB  
Article
Influence of Concrete–Rock Bonds and Roughness on the Shear Behavior of Concrete–Rock Interfaces under Low Normal Loading, Experimental and Numerical Analysis
by Menes Badika, Bassel El Merabi, Sophie Capdevielle, Frederic Dufour, Dominique Saletti and Matthieu Briffaut
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(11), 5643; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12115643 - 1 Jun 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3003
Abstract
Direct shear tests were performed to study the influence of concrete–rock bonds and roughness on the shear behavior of concrete–rock interfaces. The results of these tests show that the shear behavior of concrete–hardrock interfaces depends on the micro-roughness driving the formation of strong [...] Read more.
Direct shear tests were performed to study the influence of concrete–rock bonds and roughness on the shear behavior of concrete–rock interfaces. The results of these tests show that the shear behavior of concrete–hardrock interfaces depends on the micro-roughness driving the formation of strong concrete–rock bonds and on the macro-roughness accounting for the influence of the surfaces interlocking. Based on this outcome and recent literature, a cohesive frictional model is used to simulate direct shear tests of bonded concrete–granite interfaces with the explicit representation of naturally rough interfaces. The results of these simulations show that the model has good prediction capability compared to the experimental results, opening up the pathway to numerically based robust statistical analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Mechanical Properties Analysis for Building Materials)
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18 pages, 8036 KiB  
Article
Axial Compressive Performance of a Composite Concrete-Filled GFRP Tube Square Column
by Jiancheng Lu, Yujun Qi, Yifei Li and Xuxu Wang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(15), 6757; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156757 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2075
Abstract
A composite concrete-filled glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube square column is a new type of composite column, where GFRP is externally wrapped over several GFRP square tubes to form a multicavity GFRP tube, and then concrete is poured inside. External GFRP wrapping [...] Read more.
A composite concrete-filled glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube square column is a new type of composite column, where GFRP is externally wrapped over several GFRP square tubes to form a multicavity GFRP tube, and then concrete is poured inside. External GFRP wrapping methods can be divided into two types: entirely wrapped and strip-type wrapped methods. The former is superior to the latter in terms of performance under stress. However, difficulties are introduced in the construction process of the former, and substantial materials are required to wrap the entire structure. To examine the axial compressive performance for this new type of composite column and the impact of the wrapping method, we designed and fabricated one type of entirely wrapped composite column and two types of strip-type wrapped composite columns with clear spacings of 85 mm and 40 mm, respectively, and performed static axial compression tests. Through tests and numerical simulations, we obtained the failure mode, load–displacement curve, and load–strain curve of the specimen, and analyzed the impact of the externally wrapped GFRP on the mechanical behavior of the composite column. The results show that the composite column reached the peak load before the fracture of the GFRP tube fiber occurred, and the bearing capacity declined sharply to approximately 75% of the peak load after the fiber fractured, then entered a platform section, thereby displaying ductile failure. As the wrapped layers of GFRP strips increased, the load capacity of the specimen exhibited a linear growth tendency. Compared with the performance of the entirely wrapped method, the load capacity of the specimens in the W5040 group declined 9.8% on average, and the peak efficiency of the GFRP strips increased by 50%, thereby indicating that the use of appropriate GFRP layers and strip distance intervals can ensure the appropriate bearing capacity of composite columns and full utilization of GFRP material properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Mechanical Properties Analysis for Building Materials)
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21 pages, 17660 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Loading Angle on Initial Cracks Position Point: Application to the Brazilian Test
by Meriem Fakhreddine Bouali and Mounir Bouassida
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3573; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083573 - 16 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2347
Abstract
The Brazilian Test is the most used test to determine the indirect tensile strength for brittle materials like concrete. It has been observed that the success of the test depends on the cracks initiation point position and therefore the arch loading angle; a [...] Read more.
The Brazilian Test is the most used test to determine the indirect tensile strength for brittle materials like concrete. It has been observed that the success of the test depends on the cracks initiation point position and therefore the arch loading angle; a crack appears in the center of the disk when the test is valid. To this effect, using Fast Lagrangian of Continua code FLAC2D; numerical analyses were performed to study the impact of the arch loading angle on the initial crack’s position in a 70 mm diameter Brazilian disk of concrete and mortar under loading arch 2α which varies from 5–45°. The distribution of stresses and the tensile strength at the center of the Brazilian disk obtained numerically was closely similar to analytical and experimental existing solutions. The results showed that to obtain a meaningful and validated test with the most accurate indirect tensile strength, it is recommended to take a loading arch 2α ≥ 20° for the concrete and 2α ≥ 10° for the mortar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Mechanical Properties Analysis for Building Materials)
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23 pages, 5857 KiB  
Article
Evaluation on Improvement Zone of Foundation after Dynamic Compaction
by Chong Zhou, Chenjun Yang, Hui Qi, Kai Yao, Zhanyong Yao, Kai Wang, Ping Ji and Hui Li
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(5), 2156; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052156 - 28 Feb 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3206
Abstract
Dynamic compaction (DC) is one of the most popular methods for ground improvement. To solve the problem of the factors affecting the sandy soil improvement effect and estimate the effective improvement range under DC, the influences of drop number, drop energy, tamping distance, [...] Read more.
Dynamic compaction (DC) is one of the most popular methods for ground improvement. To solve the problem of the factors affecting the sandy soil improvement effect and estimate the effective improvement range under DC, the influences of drop number, drop energy, tamping distance, tamper radius, and drop momentum on the relative degree of improvement were investigated. Three normalized indicators △δz,i, △δA,i, and △δU,i were derived to evaluate the weak zone and corresponding improvement effect. For multipoint tamping, it is found that the improvement depth and the improvement of the weak zone are highly correlated with drop energy and drop momentum, while the influence of the drop number and tamper radius is relatively smaller. The improvement of the weak zone and the improvement depth decrease with tamping distance, whereas the improvement area increases with tamping distance. The soil compacted by the previous impact point will be improved to a lesser extent with impact at subsequent impact points. It is also noted that drop energy had better not exceed the saturated drop energy in DC design. Based on the parametric study, a formula considering the various factors of DC was put forward, with the validation by two field cases of DC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Mechanical Properties Analysis for Building Materials)
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16 pages, 8403 KiB  
Article
Analytical Investigation of the Differences between Cast-In-Situ and Precast Beam-Column Connections under Seismic Actions
by Baoxi Song, Dongsheng Du, Weiwei Li, Shuguang Wang, Yue Wang and Decheng Feng
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8280; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228280 - 22 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2913
Abstract
At present, the engineering designers generally design and analyze the precast structural models according to the equivalent cast-in-situ principle, and have a vague understanding of non-identical problems. However, these issues cannot be ignored, especially for high-intensity areas. This paper considers the differences of [...] Read more.
At present, the engineering designers generally design and analyze the precast structural models according to the equivalent cast-in-situ principle, and have a vague understanding of non-identical problems. However, these issues cannot be ignored, especially for high-intensity areas. This paper considers the differences of the hysteretic relationship between two typical precast joints and cast-in-situ (RC) joints, and researches the influence of these differences on the seismic response of frame structures. For the monolithic precast joint, the force mechanism was analyzed based on its assembly form, and the differences with the RC joint in the testing phenomena were explained accordingly. The dimensionless hysteresis models of two types of joints were proposed, and the rationality of the monolithic precast joint model was verified according to the existing experimental results. Different performances of joints were realized by assigning the constitutive models calculated from sectional reinforcement to the spring elements of analysis models. Considering two possible performance deficiencies of each type of precast joint separately, a total of seven structural analysis models were formed. Nonlinear static analysis and dynamic time-history analysis methods were adopted to reveal the differences between precast frames and the RC frame in terms of structural capacity curve, displacement response, ductility demands of components and structural residual deformation. The results showed that under strong seismic excitation, the response differences between precast frames and the RC frame were significant, so it is worthwhile to establish nonlinear models suitable for precast frames in seismic analysis. This study is valuable for understanding and distinguishing the nonlinear response of precast frames and traditional RC frames. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Mechanical Properties Analysis for Building Materials)
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25 pages, 5952 KiB  
Article
Lattice Fracture Model for Concrete Fracture Revisited: Calibration and Validation
by Ze Chang, Hongzhi Zhang, Erik Schlangen and Branko Šavija
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(14), 4822; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10144822 - 14 Jul 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3278
Abstract
The lattice fracture model is a discrete model that can simulate the fracture process of cementitious materials. In this work, the Delft lattice fracture model is reviewed and utilized for fracture analysis. First, a systematic calibration procedure that relies on the combination of [...] Read more.
The lattice fracture model is a discrete model that can simulate the fracture process of cementitious materials. In this work, the Delft lattice fracture model is reviewed and utilized for fracture analysis. First, a systematic calibration procedure that relies on the combination of two uniaxial tensile tests is proposed to determine the input parameters of lattice elements—tensile strength, compressive strength and elastic modulus. The procedure is then validated by simulating concrete fracture under complex loading and boundary conditions: Uniaxial compression, three-point bending, tensile splitting, and double-edge-notch beam shear. Simulation results are compared to experimental findings in all cases. The focus of this publication is therefore not only on summarizing existing knowledge and showing the capabilities of the lattice fracture model; but also to fill in an important gap in the field of lattice modeling of concrete fracture; namely, to provide a recommendation for a systematic model calibration using experimental data. Through this research, numerical analyses are performed to fully understand the failure mechanisms of cementitious materials under various loading and boundary conditions. While the model presented herein does not aim to completely reproduce the load-displacement curves, and due to its simplicity results in relatively brittle post-peak behavior, possible solutions for this issue are also discussed in this work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Mechanical Properties Analysis for Building Materials)
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19 pages, 7808 KiB  
Article
Discrete Element Analysis of the Strength Anisotropy of Fiber-Reinforced Sands Subjected to Direct Shear Load
by Linxian Gong, Lei Nie and Yan Xu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 3693; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113693 - 27 May 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3015
Abstract
Soil reinforcement with natural or synthetic fibers enhances its mechanical behavior in various applications. Fiber-reinforced sands (FRS) can be relatively anisotropic because of the fiber self-weight and the compaction technique. However, the microscopic mechanisms underlying the anisotropy are still poorly understood. This study [...] Read more.
Soil reinforcement with natural or synthetic fibers enhances its mechanical behavior in various applications. Fiber-reinforced sands (FRS) can be relatively anisotropic because of the fiber self-weight and the compaction technique. However, the microscopic mechanisms underlying the anisotropy are still poorly understood. This study used a discrete element approach to analyze the microscopic mechanisms underlying the strength anisotropy of FRS due to fiber orientation. Analysis of contact networks revealed that the optimum fiber orientation angle is perpendicular to the main direction of strong contact force in direct shear testing. These fibers produced the largest increase in shear zone thickness, normal force around the fiber body, effective contact area, tensile force along fibers, and energy storage/dissipation. This study is valuable for further understanding of the mechanical behaviors of FRS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Mechanical Properties Analysis for Building Materials)
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