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Design of Reliable and Robust Networks

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 13534

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
Interests: design of reliable networks, complex networks, network science, graph theory

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
Interests: design of reliable networks; complex networks; network science; graph theory

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

You are cordially invited to submit your original research or review papers to this Special Issue on “Design of reliable and robust networks” in Applied Science.

Critical infrastructures, such as telecommunication, water, gas, energy, or any other transport networks, are omnipresent and play a pivotal role in ensuring the smooth functioning of modern day living. These networks have to constantly deal with failures of their components. Several strategies to mitigate the effects of single failures have been proposed in the literature. However, multiple failure scenarios are more difficult to manage. The concept of robustness is used to quantify how good a network is under those large-scale failure scenarios. On the other hand, modelling the type of failures, intentional attacks, or natural disasters is also crucial to improve the techniques to face these scenarios.

This Special Issue is an opportunity to further disseminate the scientific and technological development related to the design of reliable and robust networks, including but not limited to the following topics:

  • Novel network resilient and robustness metrics;
  • Identification and protection of critical infrastructures;
  • Protocols and algorithms to improve the network resilience;
  • Modelling networks failures and attacks…

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Eusebi Calle
Prof. José Luis Marzo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Modeling malicious behavior or attacks on networks
  • Models and algorithms of survivable networks design and modeling
  • Multilayer networks resilience
  • Resilient cloud computing architectures/solutions
  • Resilience of data centers
  • Resilience of emerging communication technologies
  • Resilience of multi-domain communications
  • Resilience of Software-Defined Networks (SDN)
  • Resilience of wireless and sensor networks
  • Disaster-resilience of communication networks
  • Energy efficiency in survivable networks
  • Fault and disruption tolerance evaluation
  • Robustness metrics
  • Interdependent network design
  • Characterization of transport networks topologies
  • Resilience of networked critical infrastructures
  • Reliability and robustness of networks optimized and managed-based on AI/Machine Learning techniques
  • Data analytics and Machine Learning for fault diagnosis
  • Network robustness to natural disasters…

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5633 KiB  
Article
Routing Path Assignment for Joint Load Balancing and Fast Failure Recovery in IP Network
by Tabinda Ashraf, Steven S. W. Lee, Muhammad Iqbal and Jen-Yi Pan
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10504; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110504 - 8 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2457
Abstract
Distributed link-state routing protocols, including Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System–Intermediate System (IS-IS), have successfully provided robust shortest path routing for IP networks. However, shortest path routing is inflexible and sometimes results in congestion on some critical links. By separating the [...] Read more.
Distributed link-state routing protocols, including Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System–Intermediate System (IS-IS), have successfully provided robust shortest path routing for IP networks. However, shortest path routing is inflexible and sometimes results in congestion on some critical links. By separating the control plane and the data plane, the centralized control of Software Defined Networking (SDN)-based approach possesses flexible routing capabilities. Fibbing is an approach that can achieve centralized control over a network running distributed routing protocols. In a Fibbing-controlled IP network, the controller cleverly generates fake protocol messages to manipulate routers to steer the flow of the desired paths. However, introducing fake nodes destroys the structure of the loop-free property of Loop-Free Alternate (LFA) that is used to achieve fast failure recovery in IP networks. This paper addresses this issue and presents a solution to provision routing paths so a Fibbing network can still apply LFA in the network. The proposed network jointly considers load-balanced and fast failure recovery. We formulate the problem as an integer linear programming problem. The numerical results reveal that the proposed method can provide 100% survivability against any single node or single link failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Reliable and Robust Networks)
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17 pages, 3911 KiB  
Article
Route Path Selection Optimization Scheme Based Link Quality Estimation and Critical Switch Awareness for Software Defined Networks
by Babangida Isyaku, Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar, Mohd Soperi Mohd Zahid, Eman H. Alkhammash, Faisal Saeed and Fuad A. Ghaleb
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 9100; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199100 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2597
Abstract
Software-defined network (SDN) is a new paradigm that decouples the control plane and data plane. This offered a more flexible way to efficiently manage the network. However, the increasing number of traffics due to the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices [...] Read more.
Software-defined network (SDN) is a new paradigm that decouples the control plane and data plane. This offered a more flexible way to efficiently manage the network. However, the increasing number of traffics due to the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices also increase the number of flow arrival which in turn causes flow rules to change more often, and similarly, path setup requests increased. These events required route path computation activities to take place immediately to cope with the new network changes. Searching for an optimal route might be costly in terms of the time required to calculate a new path and update the corresponding switches. However, the current path selection schemes considered only single routing metrics either link or switch operation. Incorporating link quality and switch’s role during path selection decisions have not been considered. This paper proposed Route Path Selection Optimization (RPSO) with multi-constraint. RPSO introduced joint parameters based on link and switches such as Link Latency (LL), Link Delivery Ratio (LDR), and Critical Switch Frequency Score (CWFscore). These metrics encourage path selection with better link quality and a minimal number of critical switches. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme reduced path stretch by 37%, path setup latency by 73% thereby improving throughput by 55.73%, and packet delivery ratio by 12.5% compared to the baseline work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Reliable and Robust Networks)
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15 pages, 1193 KiB  
Article
Protection Strategy for Edge-Weighted Graphs in Disease Spread
by Ronald Manríquez, Camilo Guerrero-Nancuante and Carla Taramasco
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5115; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115115 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2304
Abstract
Fake news, viruses on computer systems or infectious diseases on communities are some of the problems that are addressed by researchers dedicated to study complex networks. The immunization process is the solution to these challenges and hence the importance of obtaining immunization strategies [...] Read more.
Fake news, viruses on computer systems or infectious diseases on communities are some of the problems that are addressed by researchers dedicated to study complex networks. The immunization process is the solution to these challenges and hence the importance of obtaining immunization strategies that control these spreads. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of the DIL-Wα ranking in the immunization of nodes that are attacked by an infectious disease that spreads on an edge-weighted graph using a graph-based SIR model. The experimentation was done on real and scale-free networks and the results illustrate the benefits of this ranking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Reliable and Robust Networks)
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13 pages, 1349 KiB  
Article
International Airline Alliance Network Design with Uncertainty
by Wendong Yang, Jiajia Shao, Yun Jiang, Zhengjia Xu and Antonios Tsourdos
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(7), 3065; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073065 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2487
Abstract
This paper addresses the alliance route network design problem considering uncertainty in the unit transportation cost. An alliance route network was constructed based on a hub-and-spoke (HS) network, in which airlines could achieve inter-area passenger transport through their international gateways. The design problem [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the alliance route network design problem considering uncertainty in the unit transportation cost. An alliance route network was constructed based on a hub-and-spoke (HS) network, in which airlines could achieve inter-area passenger transport through their international gateways. The design problem was formulated with a robust model containing a set of uncertain cost parameters. The model was established based on a three-subscript model of an HS network. A case study with real-world data was used to test the proposed model. The results showed that this robust solution can reduce the impact of cost uncertainty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Reliable and Robust Networks)
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22 pages, 1405 KiB  
Article
MPResiSDN: Multipath Resilient Routing Scheme for SDN-Enabled Smart Cities Networks
by Sarah L. Aljohani and Mohammed J. F. Alenazi
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1900; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041900 - 22 Feb 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 2692
Abstract
The number of smart cities is increasing rapidly around the world with the continuous increase of governments’ interest in exploiting Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to solve issues arising from rapid urbanization. Most smart city services rely fundamentally on ubiquitous sensing, enabled by [...] Read more.
The number of smart cities is increasing rapidly around the world with the continuous increase of governments’ interest in exploiting Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to solve issues arising from rapid urbanization. Most smart city services rely fundamentally on ubiquitous sensing, enabled by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies. However, WSNs in smart cities are naturally vulnerable to unavoidable external challenges like storms, fires, and other natural disasters. Such challenges pose a great threat to smart city infrastructure, including WSNs, as they might affect network connectivity or result in complete blockages of network services. However, some particular smart city services are critical, to the point where they must remain available in all situations, especially during disasters; to monitor the disaster and obtain sensory information needed for controlling it, limiting its danger, or for decision-making during rescue operations. Thus, it is crucial to design a smart-city network to maintain connectivity against such challenges. In this paper, we introduce MPResiSDN, a MultiPath Resilient routing system based on Software Defined Networking (SDN). The system introduced exploits SDN’s capabilities and aided-multipath routing to reactively provide connectivity in smart city networks in the presence of challenges. We evaluated our proposed system under simulations of different natural disasters. The results demonstrate that the system improved data delivery under the challenges by as much as 100% compared to the Spanning Tree Protocol when a suitable value for k diverse paths was selected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Reliable and Robust Networks)
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