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Applied Sciences
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Volcano Monitoring: From the Magma Reservoir to Eruptive Processes
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Volcano Monitoring: From the Magma Reservoir to Eruptive Processes

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2022) | Viewed by 11980

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. François Beauducel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;
2. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BPPTKG Jalan Cendana 15, Yogyakarta 55166, Indonesia
Interests: geophysics; volcanology; volcano geodesy; volcano monitoring; multidisciplinary integration tools
Prof. Dr. Andrea L. Rizzo

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126 Milano, Italy
Interests: isotope geochemistry (mainly light noble gas and CO2) in gases, waters, minerals/rocks (fluid inclusions) from volcanic/geothermal areas and lithospheric mantle; application of isotope geochemistry to volcano monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Volcano observatories face continuous evolution of instrumental sensitivity and dynamic range, ground-based network increasing density, increasing remote sensing frequency and resolution, and real-time data processing efficiency. This has direct implications on a better monitoring and improved eruption forecasting. The next challenge is now certainly focused on data interpretation and modeling, i.e., how to use real-time monitoring observations to estimate quantitative physical parameters that describe the internal processes associated to an unrest or an eruption.

Seismology, geodesy, and geochemistry techniques available in volcano observatories all have the capability, through simple or complex modeling, to constrain some basic characteristics of the magma reservoir, plumbing system or volcanic fluid dynamics like volumes, density, pressure, temperature or gas content. These parameters are crucial to obtain in near real-time for efficient eruption forecasting.

This Special Issue of Applied Sciences, “Volcano Monitoring: From the Magma Reservoir to Eruptive Processes”, is intended for a wide and interdisciplinary audience and covers recent advances in:

- Volcano geophysics (edifice tomography and mechanics, plumbing system, fluid dynamics) from seismology, geodesy, gravimetry, electromagnetic, and other methods;

- Volcano geochemistry (magma reservoir, pressure, temperature and content, gas flux);

- Volcano physics (edifice instability and flow simulations);

- Multidisciplinary modeling of volcanic systems;

- Integrated monitoring tools.

Prof. Dr. François Beauducel
Dr. Andrea Luca Rizzo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Volcano monitoring
  • Volcano seismology
  • Volcano geodesy
  • Volcano geochemistry
  • Eruption forecasting
  • Eruptive precursors

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 2276 KiB  
Article
3He/4He Signature of Magmatic Fluids from Telica (Nicaragua) and Baru (Panama) Volcanoes, Central American Volcanic Arc
by Andrea L. Rizzo, Philippe Robidoux, Alessandro Aiuppa and Andrea Di Piazza
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4241; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094241 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2080
Abstract
Constraining the magmatic 3He/4He signature of fluids degassed from a magmatic system is crucial for making inferences on its mantle source. This is especially important in arc volcanism, where variations in the composition of the wedge potentially induced by slab [...] Read more.
Constraining the magmatic 3He/4He signature of fluids degassed from a magmatic system is crucial for making inferences on its mantle source. This is especially important in arc volcanism, where variations in the composition of the wedge potentially induced by slab sediment fluids must be distinguished from the effects of magma differentiation, degassing, and crustal contamination. The study of fluid inclusions (FIs) trapped in minerals of volcanic rocks is becoming an increasingly used methodology in geochemical studies that integrates the classical study of volcanic and geothermal fluids. Here, we report on the first noble gas (He, Ne, Ar) concentrations and isotopic ratios of FI in olivine (Ol) and pyroxene (Px) crystals separated from eruptive products of the Telica and Baru volcanoes, belonging to the Nicaraguan and Panamanian arc-segments of Central America Volcanic arc (CAVA). FIs from Telica yield air corrected 3He/4He (Rc/Ra) of 7.2–7.4 Ra in Ol and 6.1–7.3 in Px, while those from Baru give 7.1–8.0 Ra in Ol and 4.2–5.8 Ra in Px. After a data quality check and a comparison with previous 3He/4He measurements carried out on the same volcanoes and along CAVA, we constrained a magmatic Rc/Ra signature of 7.5 Ra for Telica and of 8.0 Ra for Baru, both within the MORB range (8 ± 1 Ra). These 3He/4He differences also reflect variations in the respective arc-segments, which cannot be explained by radiogenic 4He addition due to variable crust thickness, as the mantle beneath Nicaragua and Panama is at about 35 and 30 km, respectively. We instead highlight that the lowest 3He/4He signature observed in the Nicaraguan arc segment reflects a contamination of the underlying wedge by slab sediment fluids. Rc/Ra values up to 9.0 Ra are found at Pacaya volcano in Guatemala, where the crust is 45 km thick, while a 3He/4He signature of about 8.0 Ra was measured at Turrialba volcano in Costa Rica, which is similar to that of Baru, and reflects possible influence of slab melting, triggered by a change in subduction conditions and the contemporary subduction of the Galapagos hot-spot track below southern Costa Rica and western Panama. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volcano Monitoring: From the Magma Reservoir to Eruptive Processes)
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16 pages, 3149 KiB  
Article
Geochemical Characterization of Intraplate Magmatism from Quaternary Alkaline Volcanic Rocks on Jeju Island, South Korea
by Cheolhong Kim, Naing Aung Khant, Yongmun Jeon, Heejung Kim and Chungwan Lim
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(15), 7030; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11157030 - 30 Jul 2021
Viewed by 3615
Abstract
The major and trace elements of Quaternary alkaline volcanic rocks on Jeju Island were analyzed to determine their origin and formation mechanism. The samples included tephrite, trachybasalts, basaltic trachyandesites, tephriphonolites, trachytes, and mantle xenoliths in the host basalt. Although the samples exhibited diversity [...] Read more.
The major and trace elements of Quaternary alkaline volcanic rocks on Jeju Island were analyzed to determine their origin and formation mechanism. The samples included tephrite, trachybasalts, basaltic trachyandesites, tephriphonolites, trachytes, and mantle xenoliths in the host basalt. Although the samples exhibited diversity in SiO2 contents, the relations of Zr vs. Nb and La vs. Nb indicated that the rocks were formed from the fractional crystallization of a single parent magma with slight continental crustal contamination (r: 0–0.3 by AFC modeling), rather than by the mixing of different magma sources. The volcanic rocks had an enriched-mantle-2-like ocean island basalt signature and the basalt was formed by partial melting of the upper mantle, represented by the xenolith samples of our study. The upper mantle of Jeju was affected by arc magmatism, associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. Therefore, we inferred that two separate magmatic events occurred on Jeju Island: one associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate (represented by xenoliths), and another associated with a divergent setting when intraplate magmatism occurred (represented by the host rocks). With AFC modeling, it can be proposed that the Jeju volcanic rocks were formed by the fractional crystallization of the upper mantle combined with assimilation of the continental crust. The xenoliths in this study had different geochemical patterns from previously reported xenoliths, warranting further investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volcano Monitoring: From the Magma Reservoir to Eruptive Processes)
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15 pages, 3738 KiB  
Article
First In-Situ Measurements of Plume Chemistry at Mount Garet Volcano, Island of Gaua (Vanuatu)
by Joao Lages, Yves Moussallam, Philipson Bani, Nial Peters, Alessandro Aiuppa, Marcello Bitetto and Gaetano Giudice
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(20), 7293; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207293 - 19 Oct 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3050
Abstract
Recent volcanic gas compilations have urged the need to expand in-situ plume measurements to poorly studied, remote volcanic regions. Despite being recognized as one of the main volcanic epicenters on the planet, the Vanuatu arc remains poorly characterized for its subaerial emissions and [...] Read more.
Recent volcanic gas compilations have urged the need to expand in-situ plume measurements to poorly studied, remote volcanic regions. Despite being recognized as one of the main volcanic epicenters on the planet, the Vanuatu arc remains poorly characterized for its subaerial emissions and their chemical imprints. Here, we report on the first plume chemistry data for Mount Garet, on the island of Gaua, one of the few persistent volatile emitters along the Vanuatu arc. Data were collected with a multi-component gas analyzer system (multi-GAS) during a field campaign in December 2018. The average volcanic gas chemistry is characterized by mean molar CO2/SO2, H2O/SO2, H2S/SO2 and H2/SO2 ratios of 0.87, 47.2, 0.13 and 0.01, respectively. Molar proportions in the gas plume are estimated at 95.9 ± 11.6, 1.8 ± 0.5, 2.0 ± 0.01, 0.26 ± 0.02 and 0.06 ± 0.01, for H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S and H2. Using the satellite-based 10-year (2005–2015) averaged SO2 flux of ~434 t d−1 for Mt. Garet, we estimate a total volatile output of about 6482 t d−1 (CO2 ~259 t d−1; H2O ~5758 t d−1; H2S ~30 t d−1; H2 ~0.5 t d−1). This may be representative of a quiescent, yet persistent degassing period at Mt. Garet; whilst, as indicated by SO2 flux reports for the 2009–2010 unrest, emissions can be much higher during eruptive episodes. Our estimated emission rates and gas composition for Mount Garet provide insightful information on volcanic gas signatures in the northernmost part of the Vanuatu Arc Segment. The apparent CO2-poor signature of high-temperature plume degassing at Mount Garet raises questions on the nature of sediments being subducted in this region of the arc and the possible role of the slab as the source of subaerial CO2. In order to better address the dynamics of along-arc volatile recycling, more volcanic gas surveys are needed focusing on northern Vanuatu volcanoes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volcano Monitoring: From the Magma Reservoir to Eruptive Processes)
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10 pages, 1803 KiB  
Article
Changes in CO2 Soil Degassing Style as a Possible Precursor to Volcanic Activity: The 2019 Case of Stromboli Paroxysmal Eruptions
by Salvatore Inguaggiato, Fabio Vita, Marianna Cangemi and Lorenzo Calderone
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(14), 4757; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10144757 - 10 Jul 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2273
Abstract
Paroxysmal explosions are some of the most spectacular evidence of volcanism on Earth and are triggered by the rapid ascent of volatile-rich magma. These explosions often occur in persistently erupting basaltic volcanoes located in subduction zones and represent a major hazard due to [...] Read more.
Paroxysmal explosions are some of the most spectacular evidence of volcanism on Earth and are triggered by the rapid ascent of volatile-rich magma. These explosions often occur in persistently erupting basaltic volcanoes located in subduction zones and represent a major hazard due to the sudden occurrence and wide impact on the neighboring populations. However, the recognition of signals that forecast these blasts remains challenging even in the best-monitored volcanoes. Here, we present the results of the regular monitoring of soil CO2 flux from a fumarole field at the summit of Stromboli (Italy), highlighting that the 2016–2019 period was characterized by two important phases of strong increases of volatile output rate degassing (24 g m2 d−2 and 32 g m2 d−2, respectively) and moreover by significant changes in the degassing style few months before the last paroxysmal explosions occurred in the summer 2019 (3 July and 28 August). Establish that the deep portions of a volcano plumbing system are refilled by new volatiles-rich magma intruding from the mantle is therefore a key factor for forecasting eruptions and helping in recognizing possible precursors of paroxysmal explosions and could be highlighted by the monitoring of soil CO2 flux. The abrupt increase of degassing rate coupled with the strong increase of fluctuating signal (daily natural deviation) recorded during 2019 at Stromboli could be the key to predicting the occurrence of paroxysmal events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volcano Monitoring: From the Magma Reservoir to Eruptive Processes)
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